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INDONESIA
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14101637     EISSN : 25484788     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 509 Documents
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Molecular Analysis of Cytochrome Oxidase I in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Populations Collected from Four Districts in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Ayuningtias, Nandini; Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Wijonarko, Arman; Soffan, Alan
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 26, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.75881

Abstract

Bemisia tabaci is an agricultural pest that interferes plant growth, as well as being an insect vector of various types of viruses, one of which is the geminivirus group. B. tabaci is called Cryptic Species Complex due to their similar morphology but has different genetic profiles. Climate change and increased global trading of agricultural products could increase B. tabaci population and lead to the emergence of genetic disparity. This study aims to obtain the latest information on the population homogeneity of B. tabaci in four districts of the Yogyakarta and potential differences on their nucleotide arrangements. Molecular identification was performed using PCR and primers C1-J-2198/L2-N-3914 on B. tabaci. B. tabaci COI gene sequences were then compared using a phylogenetic analysis and similarities of nucleotide bases were determined. Results showed that the populations of B. tabaci in Yogyakarta were still homogeneous showed by biotypes similarity, namely the non-B biotype. B. tabaci from Yogyakarta have nucleotide base similarity of 100% with B. tabaci from Singapore (AY686095) and Thailand (AY686092) and 99.56% with species from Bangladesh (AJ748388). Results also showed no differences in the composition of both nucleotide bases and amino acids from the four districts of B. tabaci sampling location. The homogeneous population of B. tabaci and the high incidence of yellowing disease caused by Begomovirus in chili pepper plants in the Special Region of Yogyakarta prove that it is necessary to review the current methods of controlling B. tabaci pests.
Susceptibility of Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Collected from Central Java Province to Emamectin Benzoate, Chlorantraniliprole, and Spinetoram Suryani, Julia Nanda; Trisyono, Y. Andi; Martono, Edhi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 26, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.76195

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a new pest on maize that has successfully spread to various regions in Indonesia. This pest can cause severe damage to the affected plants. Most farmers have relied on synthetic insecticides for control. This research was conducted to determine susceptibility level of S. frugiperda larvae to emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole, and spinetoram insecticides by using the diet-dipping method. There is no registered insecticide to control S. frugiperda, so the three types of insecticides used were based on the recommendation of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. Five field-collected population from Central Java and a laboratory populations of S. frugiperda were used to develop a baseline susceptibility for each insecticide. First instar larvae of S. frugiperda were placed in vials containing artificial diet treated with insecticides and an untreated control (treated with water only), observed for mortality on the seventh day and data was analyzed using probit. S. frugiperda from Tegowanu was the most susceptible to emamectin benzoate (LC50 = 0.11 mg/L), while the least susceptible population was from Wedi (LC50 = 0.39 mg/L) with the resistance ratio (RR) values of 0.45-folds and 1.60-folds compared to the laboratory population, respectively. S. frugiperda from Ngombol was the most susceptible population to chlorantraniliprole (LC50 = 12.63 mg/L), while the least susceptible population was from Tegowanu (LC50 = 30.29 mg/L) with RR values of 0.90- and 2.15-fold compared to the laboratory population, respectively. Meanwhile, S. frugiperda from Jogonalan was the most susceptible to spinetoram (LC50 = 2.75 mg/L), while the population from Wedi was the least susceptible (LC50 = 5.94 mg/L) with the RR values of 0.52- and 1.12-fold compared to the laboratory population. Field-collected S. frugiperda populations were still susceptible to the three tested insecticides tested and emamectin benzoate being the most toxic compared to spinetoram and chlorantraniliprole.
A Scientometric and Bibliometric Analysis for Actinomycetes Research - Current Status and Future Trends Syahri, Syahri; Somantri, Renny Utami
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 26, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.77558

Abstract

Actinomycetes are Gram-positive filamentous bacteria used as biocontrol agents against pathogens. Currently, little research on actinomycetes has been published in Indonesia. The study provides issues related to the most relevant keywords in actinomycetes, the most productive authors and countries on actinomycetes research, current research on actinomycetes, and future topics in actinomycetes research. This paper aims to understand the current status and trend of research on actinomycetes in biological control, especially their acts as biocontrol agents. We used VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to perform a scientometric and bibliometric analysis. Out of 452 Scopus publications published between 1971 and 2022. Research on actinomycetes has increased rapidly since 2000, leading to an exponential trend. The result shows that >50% of papers focus on Agricultural and Biological Sciences and indicate that actinomycetes are mainly applied as biocontrol agents. China is the most documented and powerful country, followed by the United States and Iran. In contrast, Indonesia ranks 19th in the world with nine published papers. Scientometric analysis shows Shahidi Bonjar nominated as the strongest citation burst author (4.01). Their topic is mainly on the biological control of pathogens by Actinomycetes, especially Streptomyces sp., while fungi are a dominant pathogen. These findings are related to bibliometric analysis, showing Streptomyces spp. and fungi are two primary keywords in the Scopus database, found on 183 and 139 documents. We found actinomycete research focuses on their ability to manage plant diseases naturally. In the future, we predict actinobacterial research is still essential to biological control, particularly those involving Streptomyces species. Also, several important topics are associated with their activities in controlling pests (nematode), postharvest disease, and growth promoter ability.
The Effect of Herbicides and Cultivation Systems on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield Umiyati, Uum; Widayat, Dedi; Natasya, Kezia Putri
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 27, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.73339

Abstract

The rice cultivation systems commonly used by farmers are the transplanted (called ‘Tapin’) and the direct-seeded (called ‘Tabela’) system. The Tabela system has many advantages over the Tapin system but has a weakness: the increase in weed population due to water conditions during transplantation. Therefore, weed management is necessary to increase rice yields. One way to control weeds is by applying herbicides. Using a single active ingredient herbicide continuously increases the chances for weeds to develop resistance against these active ingredients. Therefore, mixing herbicides with different active ingredients can be an alternative to improve weed management. This study aims to determine the effect of weed control and cropping systems to suppress weeds and provide the highest growth and rice yield. The research was conducted at the Agricultural Training and Development Research Center (Sanggar Penelitian Latihan dan Pengembangan Pertanian [SPLPP]) of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Ciparay, Bandung Regency. This research was designed as a separate plot design with ten treatments and three replications with the main plot of cropping system and subplots of weed control. Weed management treatments consisted of bensulfuron-methyl 12% and bispyribac-sodium 18%; penoxsulam 15 g/L and pretilachlor 385 g/L; cyhalofop-butyl 100 g/L; manual weeding; and untreated control. Results that showed significant differences were tested using Duncan's test (DMRT) with α = 5%. Results showed that the Tabela system combined with bensulfuron-methyl 12% and bispyribac-sodium 18% suppressed weed growth and provided good growth and rice yield.
Sustainability and Strategy of Vegetable Crops Enterprises Based on Integrated Pest Management (Case Study in Mekarsaluyu Village, Cimenyan Subdistrict, Bandung Regency) Anjelina, Patimah; Permana, Agus Dana; Alfianny, Rika
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 27, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.72071

Abstract

Crop enterprises in Mekarsaluyu Village, Cimenyan Subdistrict, Bandung Regency have contributed to the economic activities of the local community. However, current vegetable crop enterprises are not suitable for the sustainable agriculture concept and face several obstacles in its sustainability, such as the availability of water, access to capital, farmers’ concern for environmental sustainability, as well as the role of farmer groups and farmer group association. Integrated pest management (IPM) is a sustainable agricultural production subsystem that can help control pests on vegetable crops, with the use of pesticides as a last resort. This study aims to assess the sustainability status and formulate a farming management strategy based on IPM. The sustainability status was analyzed using the uses the RAP-IPM (Rapid Appraisal for Integrated Pest Management) method which is a modification of the RAPFISH (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries), and strategy was analyzed using the SWOT and the QSPM method. Respondents were determined by purposive sampling. The sustainability status of vegetable farming based on IPM tends to be quite sustainable with a sustainability index value of 58.23% and the prioritized management strategies are (1) strengthening farmer institutions including farmer groups and farmer groups associations, marketing institutions, and business groups agriculture in meeting the need for vegetable demand in the market; (2) development of environmentally friendly integrated pest control based control technology and preparation of effective and efficient alternative production facilities including land management, labor requirements, planting area in accordance with factual conditions in the field; and (3) strengthening agricultural financing institutions to meet the needs of agricultural production facilities and infrastructure.
In Vitro Evaluation on Resistance of Phytopythium vexans (NG Isolate) Cultured from Sublethal Concentration against Several Fungicides Santika, Islaminati Anna; Wibowo, Arif; Suryanti, Suryanti; Sumardiyono, Christanti; Widiastuti, Ani
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 27, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.73045

Abstract

Phytopythium vexans isolated from potatoes rhizospher in Ngablak, Magelang, Central Java was reported having a potency to cause potato tuber rot in in vitro test. Some fungicides had been intensively applied in this area to control potato late blight even using sublethal dose. This study investigated resistance response of the pathogen against several fungicides which were Mancozeb, Dimethomorph, mixture of Mancozeb and Mefenoxam, and mixture of Oxathiapiprolin and Famoxadone. The experiment was conducted to observe the sensitivity response of pathogen against those fungicide and the experiment repeated with one of the isolates which growth in sublethal concentration to observe the resistance response. Both experiment data was analyzed by Probit Analysis. On sentivity test, data showed that P. vexans were insensitive against Dimethomorph, but it was sensitive against Mancozeb, mixture of Mancozeb and Mefenoxam, as well as mixture of Oxathiapiprolin and Famoxadone. On Mancozeb treatment, mycelia were inhibited 100% at the sugested concentration. However, at the sublethal concentration the mycelial collony grew abnormally. Pathogen isolate from the sublethal concentration were used as material for the resistance response study. The effect of the sublethal application of Mancozeb to P. vexans caused resistance to Mancozeb itself and cross resistance against Dimetomorph and mixture of Oxathiapiprolin and Famoxadone. It was proven by higher value of predicted EC50 and EC95 on the second experiment compared to the predicted EC50 and EC95 from the first one. The resistant P. vexans isolate was able to produce sporangium and chlamydospore.
Geranium Aralia, Polyscias guilfoylei (W. Bull) L.H. Bailey), Leaf Extract Toxicity against Melon Fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett Rachmawati, Jeti; Martono, Edhi; Trisyono, Y. Andi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 27, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.75592

Abstract

Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett is one of the most detrimental pests that mostly attack family Cucurbitaceae. Control over this pest often uses insecticides, and one of the plants with the potentiality to be used as source of insecticide is Polyscias guilfoylei. This research aimed to study the influence of P. guilfoylei leaf extract application upon Z. cucurbitae mortality and to determine the LC50 value. The research was conducted at Pest Invertebrate Plant Pest Science Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. The toxicity test was done using contact, oral and residue methods upon ethanol and n-hexane extracts with 0; 1.25; 2.50; 5.00; 10.00; and 20.00% concentrations. The research used randomized group design with six replications. The parameters observed were the number of dead melon fly at 72 hours after the treatment and LC50 value of each extract. The data were analyzed using Probit analysis via 1.02 version of Lenora software Polo Plus. The result shows that ethanol and n-hexane extracts of P. guilfoylei leaf using oral and residue methods affected Z. cucurbitae mortality. However, in contact method, ethanol and n-hexane extracts of P. guilfoylei leaf did not affect Z. cucurbitae mortality. LC50 values of ethanol extract using oral and residual methods were 6.168% and  3.658%, respectively. LC50 values of n-hexane extract using oral and residual method reached 5.311% and 6.607%, respectively. This research shows that ethanol and n-hexane extracts of P. guilfoylei leaf contain secondary metabolites that are toxic for melon fly Z. cucurbitae. 
Bioassay Method Development to Test Sitophilus oryzae Sensitivity against Phosphine Harahap, Nafsiyah Agustina; Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Martono, Edhi; Trisyono, Y. Andi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 27, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.75904

Abstract

Sitophilus oryzae is a cereal product pest found in warehouses. The presence of this pest negatively impacts the quality and quantity of stored rice. The common method used to control warehouse pests is fumigation. However, frequent use of insecticides will trigger resistance within target pest populations. This study aimed to develop a bioassay method based on the Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) protocols and modify bioassay protocols to determine S. oryzae susceptibility of populations collected from traditional markets across Yogyakarta. Field populations were collected from eight traditional markets in Yogyakarta (Lempuyangan Market [Kapanewon Danurejan], Kranggan Market [Kapanewon Jetis], Caturtunggal Market [Kapanewon Depok], Godean Market [Kapanewon Godean], Imogiri Market [Kapanewon Imogiri], Pleret Market [Kapanewon Pleret], Kasihan Market [Kapanewon Lendah], and Brosot Market [Kapanewon Galur]). The reference population was obtained from the Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology(SEAMEO BIOTROP). The bioassay was carried out following FAO protocols by using a glass jar fumigation chamber (volume 2 L) which was a modification of the desiccator of FAO recommended method number 16. This test used the lowest testable dose for this method: 0.01 × 10-2 mg/2L or 0.5 × 10-2 µg/L tested on 100 imagoes which were divided into five replications and obtained 100% mortality on the second day (48 hours). Results showed that the FAO fumigation chamber method could not be used in the test, so modifications were carried out to determine tested doses by changing the volume of the fumigation container. The test used three container volumes, including 20, 60, and 80 L. Result from 20 L container showed 82-100% mortality, 60 L containers showed 69-100% mortality, and 80 L containers showed 24-79% mortality. Results from 80 L container was suitable for the bioassay because it was able to test the lowest dose on reference insects. Eight doses ranging from 0.125 to 1.625 × 10-2 µg/L, and an untreated control were used to determine the LD50 of phosphine on each population. Insects were fumigated for 48 hours and then removed to observe mortality. The LD50 of the reference population was 0.27 × 10-2 µg/L while 0.29-0.54 × 10-2 µg/L for field populations. These findings indicate that S. oryzae populations collected from traditional markets in Yogyakarta were still susceptible to phosphine.
Daily Captured Pattern of Rice Field Rat Using Trap Barrier System Application in Fallow Land Saputra, Bubun Afif Hidayat Aziz; Sartiami, Dewi; Wiyono, Suryo; Nurmansyah, Ali; Priyambodo, Swastiko
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 27, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.77117

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important staple crop for more than half of the world's population to fulfill required nutrients. The most important pest in rice crops is the field rat (Rattus argentiventer), which causes damage and significant yield losses during almost every growing season. One method of rat control is the Trap Barrier System (TBS) which consists of fences, mass/multiple live traps, and trap crops and was able to continuously catch rats during the growing season. The objectives of this study were to count rat captured in TBS during one planting season in fallow lands, identify attack source, and calculate rat damage intensity. The study was conducted on one hectare of rice field and number of rat caught were observed daily. Results showed that 4,580 rats were caught, consisting of 57% males and 43% females, with 94% adults and 6% juveniles. Average rat damage intensity was 15% and the highest number of rats caught were in trap 8, 9, and 10 which were located on the north side and had many suitable shelters for rats.
Specific Primer Designing for Quantitative PCR (qPCR) of Entomopathogenic Fungi Isaria fumosorosea from Soil Samples Saragih, Syaiful Amri; Takemoto, Shuhei; Sato, Hiroaki; Kamata, Naoto
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 27, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.77867

Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi are important component for regulation of pests in ecosystem. Isaria fumosorosea, as one of the entomopathogenic fungi, was reported to successfully controlled the outbreaks of forest defoliators attacked larch (Larix kaempferi) plantation in Furano, Japan and beech (Fagus crenata) forest in Hachimantai, Japan. Instead of semi-cultured method, in this paper, a culture-independent method based on DNA using qPCR was developed for specific detection and quantification of I. fumosorosea directly from soil DNA extract using specific primer. The primer IFU5821F/IFU6061R was designed and found to be the best primer pair for I. fumosorosea. Standard soil DNA was obtained with strong relationship and good fitting with five levels (R2= 0.989, E = 0.58). I. fumosorosea could not be detected from all soil samples which was possibility caused by low density of the fungi. The qPCR was likely a rapid and specific method to detect the fungus from soil. 

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