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Y. Andi Trisyono
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INDONESIA
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14101637     EISSN : 25484788     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 509 Documents
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Potential of Coconut Fiber-Based Liquid Smoke as Biofungicide to Suppress Phytophthora palmivora Fungus Growth In Vitro Asrul, Asrul; Rosmini, Rosmini; Egayani, Egayani; Mutmainah, Mutmainah; Jusriadi, Jusriadi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 27, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.87914

Abstract

The presence of pod rot caused by the pathogenic fungus Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) is a major constraint in cocoa cultivation. Control of this disease needs to be done with an organic approach that is environmental friendly such as the use of biopesticides from plant materials. Coconut fiber liquid smoke is one of the materials that can be used as an environmental friendly botanical pesticide. This study aims to determine the concentration of liquid smoke made from coconut fiber that is effective in inhibiting the growth of the pathogenic fungus P. palmivora in vitro. The experiment was arranged in a non-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (CRD) consisting of six treatments and five replicates, for a total of 30 experimental units. The experiment was conducted using the food poisoned technique, which is mixing 10 ml PDA media with liquid smoke (2 ml of each concentration). The liquid smoke treatment consisted of 0% (control), 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% concentrations. The results of the in vitro test showed that the application of coconut fiber liquid smoke with a concentration of 10% on PDA media can suppress the growth and inhibit the development of P. palmivora (Butl.) fungal colonies until they do not grow (0 cm).
Population of Bemisia tabaci and Incidence of Yellow Disease in Chili Intercropped with Corn Yolanda, Kiki; Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Putra, Nugroho Susetya
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 28, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.88503

Abstract

Bemisia tabaci is one of the limiting factors in chili farming, because it can cause damage both directly and indirectly as a vector for the Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PepYLCV). Intercropping chili with corn is one of the efforts to control B. tabaci. Physically, corn plants are able to withstand the presence of B. tabaci, in addition to producing volatile compounds that are repellent to B. tabaci. This research was conducted to determine the optimal age of corn plants to be intercropped with chili plants. The research was conducted in Pleret District, Bantul Regency by testing five different ages of corn: 2 weeks after planting, 6 weeks after planting, 8 weeks after planting, 10 weeks after planting and control (without intercropping with corn). Weeks after planting are counted from the first day the corn seeds were planted. Yellow sticky trap (YST) was used to determine the presence of B. tabaci population in each treatment plot. YST was tied to bamboo sticks and placed on treatment beds with as many as 2 (two) traps per treatment plot. The distance between the yellow sticky trap and the plant was 30 cm, so the height of the trap was always adjusted according to the height of the plant. Observation of B. tabaci population was carried out every 5 days by counting the number of B. tabaci caught in yellow sticky traps. The results showed that the population of B. tabaci in the chili plots intercropped with corn was lower than that in the control plot, especially at the age of 6 weeks after planting (WAP). However, the intercropping of chilies and corn had no significant effect on the incidence of yellow disease in chilies.
Utilization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Bacillus velezensis Inoculation in Suppressing Twisted Disease of Shallot Abdullah, Jilan Tsani; Suryanti, Suryanti; Joko, Tri
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 27, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.89296

Abstract

Twisted disease is one of the problems in shallot cultivation. The application of the biological agents Bacillus velezensis and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi is an alternative expected to overcome disease problems in shallot plantings. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the application of B. velezensis and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the growth and health of shallot. The research was conducted in Gotakan, Panjatan, Kulon Progo, and the Phytopathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Shallot treatments with the application of biological agents were carried out either individually by soaking the bulbs in B. velezensis suspension before planting, coating the bulbs using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (Rhizophagus intraradices) with a carrier medium of kaolin flour before planting, and a combination of spraying the B. velezensis suspension on plants at two-week intervals during the growth period and coating the bulbs before planting with R. intraradices. The results of the study showed that the shallot-applied single application of B. velezensis reduced the intensity and incidence of twisted disease by 2.51% and 37.6%, respectively. The combination treatment of B. velezensis and R. intraradices was able to increase the resistance of bulbs to postharvest pathogen Fusarium solani infection, with infected bulbs and areas of 0.70% and 0.71%, respectively.
Isolation, Characterization, and Selection of Bacillus sp. from Shallot Rhizosphere that Inhibits Fusarium oxysporum Growth Saputra, Alil; Prihatiningsih, Nur; Djatmiko, Heru Adi; Kurniawan, Dhadhang Wahyu
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 28, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.89634

Abstract

Bacillus sp. is a Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) species that lives in the rhizosphere. This bacterium can produce antifungal compounds that suppress pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium oxysporum. The aim of this research was isolate, characterize, and obtain Bacillus sp. that can inhibit F. oxysporum which causes twisted disease in shallots. Isolation was done by sampling 10 g of soil from shallot roots, placing it in 9 mL of sterile water, and carrying out a series of dilutions. The first dilution was incubated at 80 °C for 20 minutes to obtain Bacillus sp. on the selective medium HiChrome. Colony morphology, shape, cell color, Gram staining, catalase and endospore staining were observed from obtained isolates. An antagonist test was done to determine the inhibitory effects of isolates against the pathogenic fungus F. oxysporum. Four isolates of Bacillus sp. were obtained with irregular colony shape, dull white color without muccus, edges varying in shape between lobate and undulate, and raised elevation. The results of the antagonist test showed that the four isolates had the ability to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic fungus F. oxysporum with the greatest inhibition shown by isolate BM1 at 30.12%, with an antibiosis mechanism and hyphae swelling.
Isolation of Potential Antagonistic Rhizosphere Fungi against Alternaria alternata from Organic Carrot Productions Noviyanti, Nita; Purwantisari, Susiana; Suprihadi, Agung
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 28, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.94840

Abstract

Rhizospheric fungi can have serve as biological agents against plant pathogens Alternaria alternata, which infects carrot plants. Rhizospheric fungi are more abundant in organic lands. This study aims to isolate fungi from organic carrot’s rhizosphere that are able to suppress A. alternata’s growth and determine isolate rhizospheric fungi ability to inhibit A. alternata to identify potential biological control agents against A. alternata. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology and Basic Biology, Diponegoro University, between January–June 2023. Research methods include survey location, soil sampling, rhizospheric fungi isolation, pathogenic fungi isolation, creating growth curve, pathogenicity tests, antagonism tests, and fungi identification. This study used a complete randomized design (CRD) and was analyzed using ANOVA at the 5% level of significance and Duncan's hoc-posttest. Fungi isolation from organic carrot plant’s rhizosphere resulted in 13 isolates consisting of six genera: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Paecilomyces, Myrothecium, Trichoderma, and Simplicillium. The antagonism test showed that eight antagonistic isolates, including the genus Penicillium (WO1, WO6, WO10), Paecilomyces (WO5), Myrothecium (WO7), Trichoderma (WO9), and Aspergillus (WO11, WO13), where WO1, WO6, WO10, and WO11 have a medium percentage of inhibition (44.12-57.84%), while WO5, WO7, WO9, and WO13 have a high percentage of inhibition (64.29-76.06%). The eight isolates showed antagonism mechanisms, including antibiosis (WO1, WO5, WO6, WO7, WO10, and WO11) and parasitism (WO9 and WO13). 
An Update on the Fall Armyworm: Severity of Maize Damage and Susceptibility to Emamectine Benzoate and Chlorantraniliprole Trisyono, Y. Andi; Hendrayanti, Hadvina Nur; Yuantomoputro, Arzaq P.; Setyaningrum, Ary V.; Harjanto, Sriyanto; Aryuwandari, Valentina E. F.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 28, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.95262

Abstract

The damage area due to fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) in Indonesia decreased during the last three years (2021-2023) after the first outbreak in 2019. This insect continues to pose some risk for maize production with most reports documented the damage during the vegetative maize stage showing leave defoliation. This article provides an update on the high field population and the new type of damages caused by FAW by boring the stalks and feeding the cobs observed in the District of Grobogan, Central Java. The populations of egg masses, adults, and larvae were 0.4, 0.17, and 0.37 per plant of 27-day-old, respectively. The reproductive maize was heavily damaged by FAW with leave damage score of 9, 0.33 holes per stalk, and 75% of cobs damaged. The FAW larvae produced from the collected egg masses were still susceptible to emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole. These findings prove that FAW can cause very serious damage leading to almost total yield loss. As maize becomes more important in Indonesia, proper management in compliance with the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principles is mandatory to keep the population low and prevent large-scale outbreaks.
Olfactory Response of Diaphorina citri to Guava Leaves Powder Poerwanto, Mofit Eko; Solichah, Chimayatus; Wicaksono, Danar; Ulilalbab, Azizah Ridha; Ajri, Miftahul
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 28, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.96847

Abstract

Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration (CVPD) is transmitted by the insect vector Diaphorina citri is still a major obstacle to world citrus production. Vector handling still relies on chemical insecticides which are not environmentally friendly and less effective. This study was conducted to identify the ability of dried guava leaf extract in reducing the olfactory response of D. citri. Y-tube olfactory test was conducted to identify the repellency effect of a mixture of citrus leaf extract and guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract at various leaf ages and in various proportions to vector and its predator (Menochilus sexmaculatus). The results showed that guava leaves had a repellent effect on D. citri, but not on M. sexmaculatus. The repellant effect was higher on young guava leaves than on medium and old ones. Red guava leaves have a highest repellant effect than white guava and non-seed guava leaves. Guava leaf extract is an alternative means to control D. citri. However, the types of compounds that function as repellants need to be studied further. 
Evaluation of Three Cucurbitaceae Cultivars Resistant against Begomoviruses Based on Morphological Symptoms and Molecular Analysis Subiastuti, Aprilia Sufi; Huda, Muhammad Syafi’atol; Daryono, Budi Setiadi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 28, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.87915

Abstract

Cucurbitaceae is a group of annual horticultural crops with high economic prospects and benefits. The Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada has developed several new cultivars within the Cucurbitaceae family, such as the melon cultivar 'Hikapel', watermelon 'Citra Jingga', and butternut squash 'Citra Laga'. However, development of these cultivars has been hindered by yellow disease, typically triggered by Begomovirus infection. This study aimed to determine the morphological symptoms of yellow disease, to detect Begomovirus infection using molecular approach, and assess resistance levels of the three Cucurbitaceae cultivars. The method involved observing morphological symptoms in plants and measuring plant height. The degree of symptom severity was then converted into a vulnerability index (VI). The symptomatic leaf samples were tested using Krusty and Homer primer to confirm the symptoms caused by Begomovirus. The PCR results were sequenced and analyzed using Maximum Likelihood method in MEGA 11. The results showed that symptoms included curling tip of leaves, yellow mosaic on the leaves, and stunted growth in some plants, which were suggested as Begomovirus infection. Based on the Vulnerability Index (VI), the watermelon cultivar 'Hikapel' was considered susceptible to Begomovirus infection (VI = 85%), while the yellow squash 'Citra Laga' was moderately susceptible (VI = 57.5%). However, the watermelon 'Citra Jingga' was considered moderately resistant to this infection (VI = 50%). The presence of DNA the Begomovirus at three species Cucurbitaceae were characterized by a 550 bp band. The 'Hikapel' melon and 'Citra Laga' butternut were infected with Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), while the ‘Citra Jingga’ watermelon were infected with Squash leaf curl Philippine virus (SLCuPV).
Potency of Wild Boar as Plant Pests in South Sulawesi Fatmawaty, Andi St; Arif Bijaksana, Andi Muhammad
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 28, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.93801

Abstract

Land damage and the risk of crop failure caused by wild boar (Sus scrofa) is one of the main obstacles in producing agricultural products. Wild boars often attack agricultural crops when they are about to harvest, one of which is the damage to corn farms in several areas in Sulawesi which results in losses for corn farmers. Controlling this pest must be done quickly and precisely to create a safe agricultural environment. This study aims to determine the potential of wild boar as a plant pest, especially on agricultural land in South Sulawesi. The research was conducted in Mamasa, Bulukumba, and Bantaeng, South Sulawesi Province. Quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to obtain primary data by direct interviewing 63 respondents. Respondents were farmers who suffering from economic loss due to wild boar attacks on their crops, therefore, they were taken with purposive sampling and at random. Meanwhile, the secondary data were obtained from some related references. Results showed that the wild boar in South Sulawesi is a potential crop pests at areas of mountain (62%), swamp (38%) but not at bushland (0%). The most severe damaged crop was corn (70%), and the other damaged crops were cassava (11%), eggplant (6%), soybean (5%), tomato (3%), groundnut (3%), and sweet potato (2%). In order to reduce the pest risk, hence, extension program to educate the farmer community is needed.
In Vitro Liquid Smoke Potential as Biopesticide on Major Oil Palm Diseases Setiawan, Wawan; Majid, Muhammad; Putri, Sekar Dian Permata; Tambunan, Van Basten; Wibowo, Cahyo Sri
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 28, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.95130

Abstract

Liquid smoke is reported as an environmentally friendly pesticide that can effectively manage various crop pathogens. The antimicrobial effect of liquid smoke is believed to be due to its phenol, carbonyl, and organic acid content. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of five commercial liquid smoke at two concentration levels (1% and 2%) on the development of Ganoderma boninense and Curvularia sp. colonies in vitro. This experiment was carried out using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 11 treatments (Control, A1%, B1% C1%, D1%, E1%, A2%, B2%, C2%, D2%, and E2%) and three repetitions. Results showed effects of 11 treatments on test pathogen colonies growth. Liquid smoke types B and C showed the best inhibition against Curvularia sp. and G. boninense. GC-MS analysis revealed that phenol compounds were the dominant compounds, ranging from 24.45% to 85.28%.

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