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INDONESIA
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14101637     EISSN : 25484788     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 509 Documents
 47   48   49   50   51 
Potential of Compost Enriched with Bacillus velezensis B-27 and Bacillus cereus RC76 for the Management of Twisted Disease on Shallots Putri, Novi Hervianti; Wibowo, Arif; Joko, Tri
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 27, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.77784

Abstract

Shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum.) is a horticultural plant that is widely consumed in the world. However, the productivity of shallots in Indonesia is still relatively low, if compared to the actual optimum production potential of shallot. Shallot cultivation in Indonesia often experiences many problems. One of the problems is twisted diseases caused by Fusarium sp. This research aimed to study the effect of the application of organic material enriched with Bacillus in suppressing the development of twisted disease of shallot. This study was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 treatments namely (A) compost + Bacillus velezensis isolate B-27, (B) compost + Bacillus cereus isolate RC76, (C) B. velezensis isolate B-27+B. cereus isolate RC76+compost, (D) compost + Trichoderma asperellum and (E) control (compost 1 ton/ha) with 5 replications on glasshouse treatment and 3 replications on field treatment. The results showed that the combination of B. velezensis in compost effectively reduced the incidence of twisted disease, the number of Fusarium spp. colonies, and the number of infected bulbs by Fusarium sp. Besides, the combination of compost with microbial agents showed better results than compost single treatment. 
Induced Resistance of Shallot (Allium cepa L. var aggregatum) against Twisted Disease Using Ultraviolet-B Light Ahmad, Yan Syahrial; Wibowo, Arif; Widiastuti, Ani
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 27, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.79701

Abstract

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light is known to induce plant resistance in suppressing disease infection. Its ability to induce plant resistance has been widely used as an inducer of plant resistance. This study aims to determine the ability of UV-B light in suppressing shallot twisted disease, potency of plant resistance induction through accumulation of peroxidase enzymes, salicylic acid, chlorophyl content and to observe shallot growth after treatment. This study applied UV-B light with a duration of 65 mW/m2 for 4 hours each day for 3, 5 and 7 days, for inoculated and non-inoculated plants. Fungicide (Benomyl) was used as a comparison for inoculated plants. The results showed that UV-B irradiation of 4 hours/day for 7 days was able to reduce the incidence of shallot twisted disease, but the incubation period among treatments was not significantly different. UV-B irradiation of 4 hours/day, for 7 days was able to increase salicylic acid content, and maintain the same chlorophyll content as the negative control, however the peroxidase enzyme content was not significantly different. Treatment of UV-B 4 hours/day for 7 days irradiation did not inhibit the growth and production of shallot plants.
Primer Design of Volatile Synthesis Coding Genes in Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis Damanik, Nina Septania; Prakoso, Ady Bayu; Triyana, Kuwat; Subandiyah, Siti
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 27, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.81099

Abstract

Microbes produce various types of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through metabolism, which can be used for diagnostic purposes. Microbes' types and classes of VOCs are very wide, including fatty acid derivatives (hydrocarbons, alcohols, and ketones), aromatic compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, and volatile sulfur compounds. Microbial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can also be divided into several chemical classes: alkenes, alcohols, ketones, benzos, pyrazines, sulfides, acids, esters, and terpenes. This study aimed to design primers for genes encoding volatile synthesis in Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis, which causes blood disease in the banana plant. Some of the genes involved are adc (acetone synthesis), adhP (ethanol synthesis), ilvA, nirBD (ammonia synthesis), mdcA (propionic acid synthesis), cysI (hydrogen sulfide synthesis), and speBC (putrescine synthesis). Primers were designed and examined for specificity in silico using Primer3Plus, Geneious Prime, and BLAST programs. The numbers of nine pairs designed primers were successfully amplifying the related nine VOC genes of R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis for qPCR. 
Resistance of Spodoptera exigua Population from Nganjuk against Methomyl, Chlorfenapyr, and Emamectin Benzoate Aziz, Abdul; Martono, Edhi; Indarti, Siwi; Trisyono, Y. Andi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 27, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.83646

Abstract

Spodoptera exigua Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the main pest of shallot causing significant economic losses. The continuous use of insecticides has resulted S. exigua to develop resistant against them. This study aims to determine the level of S. exigua resistance of Nganjuk and Bantul populations against methomyl, chlorfenapyr, and emamectin benzoate and temporal resistance of S. exigua of Nganjuk population to methomyl. Nganjuk population were sampled in June, September, and December. First instar larvae from the first generation were used tested using the leaf-dipping method. Temporal resistance test was carried out using the same concentrations. The resistance ratios of Nganjuk population to the insecticides methomyl, chlorfenapyr, and emamectin benzoate were 58.8; 8.8; and 2.5 fold respectively. The LC50 values of S. exigua of Nganjuk population collected in June, September, and December were 1127.44; 50.62; and 366.76 mg [AI] liter-1, respectively. The results of this study indicated that the S. exigua of Nganjuk population was highly resistant to methomyl and its level has changed over time. Resistance management by rotating the type of insecticide is not sufficient but should also consider its change of resistance pattern over time.
Population Demographics of Helopeltis bradyi Waterhouse (Hemiptera: Miridae) from Three Different Locations Izzati, Dian Nurul; Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Harjaka, Tri
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 27, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.84515

Abstract

Helopeltis bradyi Waterhouse has been reported to attack tea plantations in Batang District and cocoa plantations in Sleman District and Kulon Progo District. Information about the life parameters of H. bradyi reared using alternative feed cucumbers in the laboratory helps pest management efforts. This study aimed to determine the life demography of H. bradyi from two plants and three different locations. The study was conducted with cohort observations consisting of gross reproduction rate (GRR), net reproduction rate (Ro), intrinsic growth (r), average generation length (T), and population doubling time (DT) of three populations of H. bradyi. Results showed that there were differences in living individuals (ax), mortality, and life duration of the three H. bradyi populations. The survival type of the three populations of H. bradyi was classified as type IV. The survival of the three H. bradyi populations were influenced by their ability to adapt to new environments. From the three populations of H. bradyi observed, Sleman population survived longer because they had adapted to the rearing environment and were able to maintain the population numbers for two generations. Demographic parameters of H.bradyi from Sleman showed gross reproduction rate (GRR) of 88 individuals/generation, net reproduction rate (Ro) of .97 individuals/parents/generation, the increase in population rate (r) of 0.02 individuals/species/day, extended duration (T) of 39.50 days, and doubling time (DT) of 40.49 days.
Phytoplasma Associated with White-backed Planthopper on Rice Plants in Sidrap Regency, South Sulawesi Abbas, Saipul; Djaya, Ernawati; Najamuddin, Erwin; Sebayang, Amelia; Rahman, Ayyub Ar; Aminah, Aminah; Hasbi, Hasbi; Sipi, Surianto; Ridwan, Nur Fathurahman; Ismayanti, Rini; Ibrahim, Elisurya
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 28, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.84736

Abstract

South Sulawesi is one of the largest rice production centers in Indonesia. Several important diseases of rice plants, such as those caused by viruses and phytoplasmas, can be transmitted by insect vectors, especially leafhoppers and stem plant. Symptoms of diseases caused by viruses and phytoplasmas are quite diverse but visually similar and difficult to distinguish. This study aims to analyze the presence of phytoplasma associated with white-backed planthopper which are commonly found in rice plantations.  The research method used is by conducting surveys and explorations of insect samples in six villages in Sidrap District. White-back planthoppers found on rice plantations showing symptoms of yellowing and stunted leaves were sampled for further analysis, including total DNA isolation of insects, standard PCR amplification for insect and Nested-PCR for phytoplasma identification, gene sequencing for both amplicons, and nucleotide analysis using BLAST method and Mega X program. The PCR with CO1 primer successfully amplified a 700 bp amplicon from insects, whereas nested-PCR using fP1/rP7 primers followed by m23SR/R16F2n amplified phytoplasma supposedly around 1800 bp and 1250 bp of 16S RNA gene, respectively. The DNA sequencing analysis results indicate that the insect samples were identified as 83% Sogatella vibix species based on homology percentage analysis using BLAST and Mega X Program. As for the phytoplasma, it leans more towards the 16SrI group or Candidatus phytoplasma asteris (Aster yellows phytoplasma) with a homology percentage of 99%.
The Influence of Climate Factors on the Incidence Area of Fusarium spp. in Shallots on Java Island during the Triple-Dip La Niña (2020-2022) Dharma, Krisnanda Surya
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 28, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.85639

Abstract

Shallots are a strategic horticultural commodity that contributes to inflation in Indonesia. The productivity of shallots is vulnerable to pests and diseases. Based on the incidence area during the La Niña period (2020 – 2022), Fusarium spp. is among the top five main pests and diseases reported to attack shallot crops in Java. Climate factors are suspected to have an effect on diseases incidence in the field. So far, there has been no research on the influence of climate factors on Fusarium twisted disease in Java. This study aims to analyze the influence of climate factors on the monthly incidence area of Fusarium spp. in Java during the La Niña period (2020 – 2022). The analysis used correlation and simple linear regression tests. Based on the correlation test, humidity and precipitation had a strong positive correlation with the incidence area of Fusarium spp. in shallots. Conversely, the sunshine duration had a strong negative correlation, while the temperature showed no correlation. From the simple linear regression test, humidity, precipitation and sunshine duration was found to strongly influence Fusarium spp. incidence, accounting for 47%, 48% and 40%, respectively (p<0.05). Temperature had no effect because it had the lowest fluctuation among other climate factors, ranging between 26 - 27.5°C, which was ideal for the development of Fusarium spp. To manage Fusarium spp. on shallots, it is recommended to select resistant varieties, optimize plant spacing, use fertilizers judiciously, and utilize healthy seeds. Additionally, the application of biological agents can suppress the growth of pathogenic fungi and increase plant resistance.
Survey of Pesticide Use between Mango Farmers Practicing Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management and Conventional Farming in West Java, Indonesia Sari, Riya Fatma; Subejo, Subejo; Suputa, Suputa; Vijaysegaran, Shanmugam; De Faveri, Stefano; Trisyono, Y. Andi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 28, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.86684

Abstract

Mango farmers in Indonesia rely heavily on pesticides to control a variety of pests and diseases, with tephritid fruit flies being a major pest of the crop. To reduce pesticide use, Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management (AW-IPM) to control fruit flies was trialed and introduced in 2015 and has now been successfully implemented in several districts in West Java, Indonesia. This study surveyed pesticide use in mango farms adopting AW-IPM and those practicing conventional pest control methods. Purposive and Snowball sampling methods were used to select and interview 83 mango farmers to assess farmers knowledge and practices of pesticide use between the two groups. The farmers surveyed consisted of those that have adopted AW-IPM of fruit flies and conventional farmers, meaning those that did not adopt AW-IPM. The results of the survey revealed that compared to conventional farmers, the AW-IPM farmers had a high level of knowledge of pesticides and most of them were aware of pesticide-related environmental risks and adopted better and safer practices. Overall, storage of pesticides within living areas was reported by 10% of respondents, and most respondents (75%) adopted unsafe practices when disposing of used pesticide containers, such as selling them to plastic waste collectors. Half of all the respondents reported and experienced at least one symptom of a pesticide-related health problems. This study contributes to a better understanding of potential pesticide exposure and risks to mango farmers in Indonesia. A pesticide management training program for the mango farming community is badly needed.
Potential Antagonists Trichoderma viride as Biofungicide, Plant Spacing, and Agricultural Lime Application to Suppress Anthracnose on Chili Tasrif, Arifin; Yuliar, Yuliar; Sulistyowati, Dwiwanti; Krisnawati, Endang; Adirianto, Bayu; Sugiharti, Dwi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 28, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.87342

Abstract

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici and C. gloesporium on chili is a disease that can reduce chili yields up to 80%. Control with fungicide has not been able to provide maximum results, because Colletotrichum can spread due to splashing of water, especially in the rainy season. The use of antagonistic fungi against Colletotrichum spp. has been widely published but is still limited to the laboratory and greenhouse scale, while field conditions are unpredictable. This study aims to identify the potency of Trichoderma viride that can be used as a biofungicide to control anthracnose in chili and to determine aspects of agronomic that can reduce the risk of anthracnose in chili. Samples of infected plants of stems, leaves, and fruits were collected from experimental farm of Bogor Agricultural Development Polytechnic. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Design and Randomized Complete Block Design. The percentage of disease intensity of the fungus C capsici and the intensity of anthracnose in chili both under screen house and open fields. While testing the effect of cultivation aspects using different types of fertilizer on plant height, fruit weight, number of fruits, and the percentage of disease intensity of Colletotrichum spp. were analyzed. The results of this study shown that four isolates of fungi have been identified such as Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, T. viride, and C. capsici. In vitro analysis shown the ability of T. viride to suppress the growth of the C. capsici  up to 71%. The fungus T. viride with a density of 7×106 CFU/mL can suppress the development of anthracnose by 59 to 87% under screen house conditions. However, under field conditions, the fungus T. viride was not able to suppress the development of anthracnose. Agronomic aspects such as plant height, number of fruits and production, and productivity of chili were not significantly effect on anthracnose.
Antifungal Effect of Leaf Extracts on the Groundnut Late Leaf Spot Pathogen Cercosporidium personatum Putranto, Dwiyandito Ikhsan; Kasiamdari, Rina Sri
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 28, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.87913

Abstract

Late leaf spot of groundnut is caused by the fungal pathogen of Cercosporidium personatum. Efforts to prevent this disease generally use synthetic fungicides that can cause environmental pollution. This study aims to identify the fungal pathogen of groundnut late leaf spot and study the antifungal effect of leaf extract of some plants for leaf spot intensity suppression. Late leaf spot pathogen was identified based on morphological characteristics of hyphae and conidia. The leaf extracts of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea), Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), basil (Ocimum gratissimum), and sugar apple (Annona squamosa) at a concentration of 25% against C. personatum were evaluated in vitro based on growth inhibition. The growth and intensity of groundnut disease attacks were assessed for seven weeks by inoculating C. personatum and application of the leaf extracts. Results showed that the pathogen was identified as C. personatum with conidia characteristics of cylindrical to obclavate, short and slightly curved with four septa, and 35.75 × 7.11 µm in size. The percentage of inhibition of C. personatum in vitro reached 94.03% by leaf extract of C. ternatea, 88.56% by T. diversifolia, 87.20% by O. gratissimum, and 84.10% by A. squamosa. Treatment of C. ternatea increased plant height up to 12.85% and reduced the most optimal percentage of the infected leaves up to 61.53%. C. ternatea leaf extract was found to be the most effective extract to suppress C. personatum infection by 77.94%, while T. diversifolia, O. gratissimum, and A. squamosa reduced disease severity by 70.15%, 65.43%, and 57.76%, respectively.

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