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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 706 Documents

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Quantitative Analysis of Multi-components in Curcuma xanthorrhiza by Single Marker Badrunanto Badrunanto; Wulan Tri Wahyuni; Hera Nirwati; Mohamad Rafi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 30 No 4, 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

A new simple and effective routine analytical method for quantification of curcuminoids in Curcuma xanthorrhiza was developed by high-performance liquid chromatography. This method based on chromatographic fingerprint combined with a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS). Curcumin was selected as an internal marker for the determination of two other similar compounds, i.e. bisdemethoxycurcumin and demethoxycurcumin, by using the relative coefficient factor (RCF). Excellent linearity was obtained for each component (r2 > 0.9998), and the recovery of extraction methods were within 100.23-103.95%. The precision of the method was good at inter-day and intra-day analysis (RSD < 4.0%). The stability of RCFs was good under various chromatographic conditions with RSD < 1%, and the ratio of retention time was used to locate each compound. The quantification of curcuminoids between QAMS and external standard method (ESM) proved the consistency and similarity of the two method (RSD < 2%). This study demonstrated that QAMS could be used as a routine method for quality control of curcuminoids in C. xanthorrhiza. This method successfully proved accurate, stable, more effective and simple than external standard method.

The effect of Phyllanthus niruri L extracts on human leukemic cell proliferation and apoptosis induction Nanda Ayu Puspita; Hasen Alhebshi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 30 No 4, 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm30iss4pp241

Objective: To investigate the effect of Phyllanthus niruri Linn (Euphorbiaceae) in the proliferation of human leukemic cells (MOLT-4 and K562).Methods: Phyllanthus niruri L (P.niruri) was macerated by using various solvents to obtain the crude extracts. Cytotoxicity of the extracts against MOLT-4 and K562 cells was tested using MTT assay to find the IC50 value. To analyse cell cycle progression, cellular DNA was measured using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Apoptosis induction was evaluated using Annexin V-FITC and PI staining and analysed using FACSVerse flow cytometry. Finally, the expression of p53 on MOLT-4 and K562 cell lysate was measured by western blotting, to identify the possible mode of action of the anticancer activity.Results: P. niruri crude extracts demonstrated a potential anti-cancer effect towards MOLT-4 cells (IC50 range was 42.21 ± 4.98 to 97.06 ± 18.29 µg/ml). However, against K562 cells, P.niruri extracts exhibited a lower inhibitory potency (the IC50 was 120.19 ± 8.48 to 256.55 ± 26.22 µg/ml). The results showed the selectivity of the toxic effect of the extracts against MOLT-4 and K562. To evaluate the possible mechanism of action the anticancer effect, we evaluated P. niruri extract action in apoptosis induction and p53 expression. The results showed that methanol and hexane extract inhibited MOLT-4 cell progression from G1 to S-phase, indicating G1 cell arrest. Moreover, apoptotic cell population following treatment of MOLT-4 and K562 cells with methanol extract was markedly increased, showing morphological signs of apoptosis including membrane degradation and chromatin condensation. Furthermore, we found that there was an increase in p53 expression following MOLT-4 treatment with methanol extract, suggesting that p53 induction may be involved in cell apoptosis.Conclusions: The results indicated the involvement of p53 pathway in the mechanism of anti-cancer activity exerted by P. niruri extract on MOLT-4 cells. However, for cancer cells lacking P53 expression, such as K562 cells, apoptosis might take place via other pathways.

In Vitro Study: Effect of Cobalt(II) Chloride Against Dengue Virus Type 1 in Vero Cells Teguh Hari Sucipto; Yovilianda Maulitiva Untoro; Harsasi Setyawati; Anisa Maharani; Novia Faridatus Sholihah; Siti Churrotin; Ilham Harlan Amarullah; Soegeng Soegijanto
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 30 No 4, 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm30iss4pp316

Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes DENV-1 to DENV-4 are enveloped viruses that belong to the genus Flavivirus of the Flaviviridae. Dengue vaccine or antiviral has not yet been clinically approved for humans, even though there have been great efforts toward this end. Antiviral activity against DENV is needed to develop to be an alternative drug for DENV virus. Cobalt(II) chloride have been used in the treatment and prevention of diseases of humans since ancient times. The aim of this study is to investigate the antiviral effects and Cytotoxicity of Cobalt(II) chloride. This compound was further investigated for its inhibitory effect on the replication of DENV-1 in Vero cells. Antiviral activity and Cytotoxicity measured by WST-1 assay. The IC50 value of the Cobalt(II) chloride for DENV-1 was 0.38 μg/ml. The cytotoxicity of Cobalt(II) chloride to Vero cell suggest that the CC50 value was 2.91 µg/ml The results of this study demonstrate the anti-dengue serotype 1 inhibitory activity of Cobalt(II) chloride was a high toxic compound.

Response Surface Methodology used in the Optimization of RP-HPLC Condition for Quantitative Analysis of Carmine and Rhodamine B Reyna Nuvitasari; Abdul Rohman; Sudibyo Martono
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 30 No 4, 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm30iss4pp276

The objective of this study was to optimize reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using an experimental design approach based on the response surface methodology of Central Composite Design (CCD) for separation and analysis of carmine (CAR) and Rhodamine B (RHO) in lipstick products. Some factors (independent variables) responsible for RP-HPLC separation including pH of buffer phosphate (X1), the acetonitrile ratio (X2), flow rate of mobile phase (X3), and column temperature (X4) were investigated. While, the responses (dependent variables) evaluated were resolution between CAR and RHO (Y1), tailing factor of CAR (Y2), tailing factor of RHO (Y3), retention time of CAR (Y4), retention time of RHO (Y5), peak area of CAR (Y6) and peak area of RHO (Y7). CCD showed that separation of CAR and RHO was influenced by these independent variables (factors). The optimum predicted conditions for the separation of CAR and RHO based on statistical results was pH buffer of 3.4, ACN 55%, the flow rate of 1.1 mL/min and column temperature of 35oC with the desirability of 1. Both CAR and RHO were clearly separated using optimum conditions, as suggested by CCD. The developed techniques were effective for optimizing chromatographic separation, therefore, the time consumption and a large number of running could be hindered.

Curcumin Analogs Induce Apoptosis and G2/M Arrest In 4T1 Murine Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Retno Murwanti; Azmi Rahmadani; Ritmaleni Ritmaleni; Adam Hermawan; Bambang Sulistiyo Ari Sudarmanto
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 31 No 1, 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm31iss1pp11

Chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), yet toxicity and resistance effects have been the current problems. Curcumin,a natural compound, has been reported to exert anti-proliferative effects on various cancer cells, including breast carcinoma cells. However, the β-diketone moiety influences the stability of curcumin. Curcumin analogs, pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0), and pentagamavunon-1 (PGV-1) were synthesized to improve the stability and activity of curcumin by modified the β-diketone moiety into mono-ketone pentanone. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity, inhibition of cell cycle progression, and induction of apoptosis of curcumin and its analogs (PGV-0 and PGV-1) in murine triple-negative breast cancer 4T1 cell line. The cytotoxic evaluation was done by MTT assay, while apoptosis induction and cell cycle evaluation was performed by annexin V staining and detected by flow cytometry. Curcumin and its analogs, PGV-0, and PGV-1, significantly inhibit the viability of 4T1 breast cancer cells with an IC50 value of 34.34µg/mL, 13.76µg/mL and 38.21μg/mL, respectively. Apoptosis analysis with a dose of 10µg/mL and 15µg/mL in 4T1 breast cancer cells showed that curcumin and its analogs effectively induce apoptotic in a dose-dependent manner. In cell cycle analysis using a dose of 15µg/mL, curcumin inhibited the cell cycle progression in the S phase, whereas PGV-0 and PGV-1 inhibited the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. It could be concluded that curcumin analogs, PGV-0 and PGV-1, have higher potential to be developed as anti-cancer agents by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer.

Inhibition of Cell Cycle and Induction of Apoptosis y Ethanol Leaves Extract of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) In T47D Breast Cancer Cells Roihatul Mutiah; Alfiyah Laily Inayatin; Rahmi Annisa; Yen Yen Ari Indrawijaya; Anik Listiyana
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 31 No 1, 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm31iss1pp1

Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (C.cinerariifolium) is a plant of the Asteraceae family, which has been applied by the community as an ornamental plant and traditional medicine. In this study, the effect of C. cinerariifolium leaves extract on inhibition of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis in T47D breast cancer cells was tested and compared to the standard chemotherapy agent. The citotoxic activity of C. cinerariifolium leaves extract against T47D cancer cells and Vero normal cells was tested by MTT method. Profile of apoptosis and cell cycle were observed by flow cytometry method. Based on chemical compounds profil which is tested used TLC showed that C.cinerariifolium leaves extracts contained flavonoid and terpenoid chemical compounds. The result of cytotoxic test showed that leaves extract of C. cinerariifolium was able to inhibit the growth of T47D cancer cell at IC50 418.8μg/mL. Doxorubicin, extracted from Streptomyces peucetius used as treatment in several cancers including breast cancer. Doxorubicin could inhibit the growth of T47D cancer cells in 115.1μg/mL. The results of cell cycle analysis showed that the C. cinerariifolium leaves extract inhibited cell cycle in G0-G1 and S phase, whereas doxorubicin was able to inhibit cell cycle in G0-G1 phase but experienced cell accumulation in G2-M phase. The percentage of apoptosis in cycle was showed in M1 (sub G1) and M5 (multinuclear) phase which treatment of C. cinerariifolium leaves extract was higher than doxorubicin. Therefore, C. cinerariifolium leaves extract has potential activity as anticancer agent causes inhibition of cell cycle and induction apoptosis.

Quality of Life of Patient with Hypertension in Primary Health Care in Bandar Lampung Sudewi Mukaromah Khoirunnisa; Atika Dalili Akhmad
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 30 No 4, 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm30iss4pp309

The high prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia, encourages studies related to how the quality of life of patients with hypertension. The purpose of this study was to measure quality of life, identify and explain factors related to the quality of life of patients with hypertension.The study design was descriptive correlation using a cross sectional study approach. The study subjects were all outpatient hypertensive patients several health centers in Bandar Lampung. The instrument used in this study was the Indonesian SF-36. The data collected included the patient's demographic characteristics including gender, age, education, occupation, and marital status, and the fields related to the health history of the study subjects included the duration of hypertension, complications, and the number of antihypertensive drugs consumed. Data were analyzed using bivariate analysis to see the relationship between two variables with the level of significance used was 5% (α = 0.05) with the value of the confidence interval set was 95%. Multivariate analysis was conducted to study the relationship of several independent variables with one or several dependent variables.The results of univariate analysis showed that age, marital status, duration of illness, complications, and the number of drugs consumed had an effect on the quality of life of hypertensive patients (p <0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the factors of age, marital status, and duration of hypertension are factors that influence the physical domain, while the factors of gender, marital status, duration of hypertension, complications, and the number of drugs are influential factors in the mental domain mental.

An Assessment of Cough Medicine Dispensing Practice to Children Under Two Years Old in Pharmacies in Ho Chi Minh City Using Simulated-Patient Method Quyen Thi Ngoc Phan; Van Thi Truong; Thanh Ngoc Pham; Ho Nhu Nguyen; Quynh Thi Huong Bui
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 31 No 1, 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm31iss1pp42

Over-the-counter (OTC) cough and cold medications (CCMs) have been used to treat the symptoms of upper respiratory infection in children for decades. The safety of CCMs in children has been questioned. The data on knowledge of pharmacists in supplying cough medicines for children under two years have been limited. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacists’ dispensing decisions to manage the cough in children under two years old. A descriptive cross-sectional was carried out in 300 pharmacies in 15 districts in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The pharmacists were interviewed by a simulated patient. The results showed that, information that pharmacists actively asked the client about the patient and disease symptoms was limited. Most pharmacists did not provide adequate instructions and counsel about using drugs for clients. Only 22/300 (7.33%) of pharmacists appropriately provided cough medicines for children under 2 years old. The main reason of inappropriateness was the deficiency of knowledge about updated contraindication of N-acetylcysteine (93.17%). Pharmacists in pharmacies located in districts 3, 11 and Binh Thanh had higher rate of rational provision than those in other districts. A good and full understanding of the patient symptom helped the pharmacists supply cough medicines more reasonably. The limited caution of pharmacists and the low proportion of pharmacists updating contraindication of N-acetylcysteine should be considered as a warning sign in pharmacy practice in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

OPTIMIZATION OF FLOATING TABLET CONTAINING ASPIRIN USING SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN Siswanto, Agus
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 31 No 1, 2020 In Press
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm31iss1pp%p

Aspirin is an effective analgesic which is also used as an antiplatelet therapy for stroke prophylaxis. Aspirin in floating tablet formulations is used to improve the bioavailability. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum composition of floating tablets of aspirin by simplex lattice design (Design Expert 7.1.5). The tablets were prepared by direct compression technique, using polimers (Methocel K4M CR, Ethocel) and sodium bicarbonate (gas-generating agent) as independent variables. The optimum formula was determined based on numeric method with flow rate of tablet mass, floating lag time, C60, and Td as independent variables. The results indicated that the optimum composition of the matrix was Methocel K4M CR 16.94 %, NaHCO3 15.18 %, and Ethocel 17.88 %. It was observed that independent factors had significant contribution on all dependent variables.

Antidiabetic Activity of Okra Fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench) Extract and Fractions in Two Conditions of Diabetic Rats Herowati, Rina
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 31 No 1, 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm31iss1pp27

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench) fruit is empirically used in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. This research aims to know the antihyperglycemic activity of okra fruit extract and fractions in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induced as well as in insulin resistance diabetic rats, the effect on pancreatic cells regeneration, and the effect on immunohistochemical expression of glucose transporter-4. This study used a group of 35 male Wistar rats for STZ-NA induced diabetic model and another group of 35 rats for insulin resistance diabetic model. Gliclazide (0.72mg/kg BW) and metformin (45mg/kg BW) were used as drug control in STZ-NA induced and insulin resistance diabetes, respectively. Okra fruit ethanol extract, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fraction were orally administered with dose of 200; 107; 6 and 86mg/kg BW, respectively, for 28 days after diabetic condition was obtained. Blood glucose level was measured every week. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate the pancreatic cells regeneration, while immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of glucose transporter-4 in muscle membrane cells, at the end of the treatment. The results revealed that ethyl acetate fraction was the most effective in lowering blood glucose level in both condition of diabetes. Ethyl acetate fraction decreased the necrosis of pancreatic cells in STZ-NA induced diabetic rats and increased the expression of glucose transporter-4 in muscle cell of insulin resistance diabetic rats.

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