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INDONESIA
CHEMPUBLISH JOURNAL
Published by Universitas Jambi
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Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
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Articles 140 Documents
 10   11   12   13   14 
Verification of The Method for Determining Calcium Content in Animal Feed Syafrinal, Syafrinal; Hafnimardiyanti; Samah, Selfa Dewati; Riani, Pevi; Futeri, Renny; Nurmaliza
Chempublish Journal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Chempublish Journal (July - December)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/chp.v9i2.48076

Abstract

Calcium is one of the essential macromineral elements in animal feed. To ensure that animal feed meets nutritional and safety standards, accurate and validated analytical methods are needed to determine calcium levels, specifically using the ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy) technique, which is known for its high sensitivity, enabling the rapid and precise detection of calcium elements at low concentrations. This study aims to verify the method for analyzing calcium content in animal feed, referring to method verification parameters, including linearity, accuracy, precision (repeatability test), limit of detection (LoD), method detection limit (MDL), and limit of Quantitation (LOQ). The verification process was conducted using calcium standard solutions at various concentrations and analysis of animal feed samples according to SNI 3148.2:2009 using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES) with a linearity test parameter coefficient of correlation (r) value of 0.9991, precision with a % RSD value of 2.18%, accuracy (recovery) reaches 90-99%, with a detection limit (LoD) of 0.0745 mg/L and a Limit of Quantitation (LoQ) of 0.9060 mg/L, all of which meet the acceptance criteria set by AOAC. These results prove that the ICP-OES technique is suitable for use as a test method for determining the calcium content in animal feed, can be adopted as a standardized routine procedure.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Karbon Aktif dari Ampas Kelapa melalui Aktivasi Fisika-Kimia serta Potensinya untuk Pemurnian Biogas Prawiranti, Yulizar; Mandasari, Weni
Chempublish Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Chempublish Journal (January - June)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/chp.v10i1.48610

Abstract

The increasing global demand for renewable energy and the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions highlight the importance of developing sustainable technologies for biogas upgrading. Coconut pulp, a plentiful agro-industrial residue rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, offers a promising precursor for activated carbon production while addressing agricultural waste challenges. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize coconut pulp–based activated carbon through a combined physicochemical activation process and to evaluate its theoretical potential for CO₂ and H₂S adsorption in biogas purification. The preparation involved carbonization at 400 °C, sequential chemical activation using 3 N H₃PO₄ and 3 N KOH, followed by physical activation at 600 °C under semi-closed conditions. Proximate analysis revealed a moisture content of 4.665%, ash content of 0.637%, and a final yield of 12.38%, all within the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 06-3730-1995) limits except for volatile matter, which remained high due to the soft lignocellulosic nature of coconut pulp. BET surface analysis demonstrated a specific surface area of 345.57 m² g⁻¹, total pore volume of 0.1595 cc g⁻¹, and a dominant micropore area of 282.80 m² g⁻¹, indicating strong potential for small-molecule adsorption. The iodine number of 161.973 mg g⁻¹ confirmed micropore prevalence. FTIR spectra showed a marked decrease in –OH and C=O groups and the emergence of a new band near 900 cm⁻¹ (=C–H aromatic), evidencing the formation of stable aromatic domains. SEM–EDX images revealed a hierarchical pore network (macro–meso–micro) with uniform distribution and high carbon purity (96.65%) and minimal mineral residues. These structural and chemical features suggest enhanced interaction with acidic (H₂S) and non-polar (CO₂) gases through physisorption mechanisms. Compared with single-stage activation methods, the dual chemical–physical strategy provided superior surface area, pore connectivity, and carbon purity, representing a novel approach for biomass-derived adsorbents. Overall, coconut pulp–derived activated carbon synthesized via integrated physicochemical activation exhibits favorable physicochemical properties for efficient CO₂ and H₂S removal, supporting its application as a sustainable and low-cost adsorbent for biogas upgrading. Future work should include dynamic adsorption studies under real biogas conditions to validate the theoretical predictions and to optimize activation parameters for large-scale deployment.
Exploration of Belitung Taro Stems (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) as an Antidiabetic Candidate: An In Silico and In Vitro Approach Rahmatulloh, Wahyu; Supriyanto, Sugeng; Saputra, Aditya Mahe; Rahma, Nabila Aulia
Chempublish Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Chempublish Journal (January - June)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/chp.v10i1.48655

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a global metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. While conventional oral antidiabetics are effective, their long-term use is associated with adverse side effects, necessitating the search for safer alternatives from natural sources. Belitung taro (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) is a locally abundant tuber crop in Indonesia, but its stems are typically discarded as agricultural by-products despite their potential bioactive content. This study evaluated the antidiabetic potential of X. sagittifolium stem extract by investigating its α-amylase inhibitory activity through an integrative in silico and in vitro approach. In silico screening was performed on eight secondary metabolites from the CMAUP database, filtered based on Lipinski's Rule of Five and ADMET profiles using the pkCSM server. The lead compound, NPC141921, was docked into human pancreatic α-amylase (PDB ID: 2QV4) using AutoDock, validated by redocking acarbose. The ethanol extract was subjected to phytochemical screening and tested for α-amylase inhibition using the iodine-starch assay. NPC141921 showed a binding free energy of -6.13 kcal/mol, comparable to acarbose (-6.66 kcal/mol), forming stable hydrogen bonds with catalytic residues (ASP197, GLU233, ASP300) and substrate-binding residues (ARG195, HIS305). Phytochemical screening confirmed flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids, supporting the in silico predictions. In vitro assays revealed an IC₅₀ of 5028 ppm for the stem extract versus 1953 ppm for acarbose. Although the crude extract showed lower potency due to matrix dilution effects, the findings confirm that X. sagittifolium stems contain bioactive metabolites capable of α-amylase inhibition, highlighting their potential as a natural ingredient for hyperglycemia management.
Pengembangan Mouth Nanospray Minyak Atsiri Biji Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa L.) : Sifat Fisik, Stabilitas, dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Rahayu, Milda; Hariyani, Septi; Lestari, Uce
Chempublish Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Chempublish Journal (January - June)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/chp.v10i1.48881

Abstract

Halitosis is one of the oral health problems that is quite high in prevalence and can reduce the quality of life of sufferers. This study aims to formulate and evaluate the physical quality, characteristics of nanoparticles, and antibacterial activity of mouth nano spray containing black cumin essential oil (Nigella sativa L.). The formulation is made in four variations of essential oil concentration (F1 0.25%; F2 0.5%; F3 1%; F4 1.5%) using the nanoemulsion method. Physical quality evaluation included organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, and viscosity tests, while nanoparticle characterization was carried out using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Antibacterial activity was tested against Streptococcus mutans using disc diffusion method. The results show that all formulas have good physical properties with a liquid, clear, and homogeneous form. The pH value is in the range of 6–6.7 which corresponds to the pH of the mouth. The PSA test on F3 yielded a particle size of 42.7 nm with a PDI of 0.6, but a potential zeta value of –5.6 μV indicated low electrostatic stability. The antibacterial activity test showed that F2, F3, and F4 had strong inhibition with inhibition zone diameters of 11.78 mm, 11.57 mm, and 13.10 mm, respectively, higher than positive controls (8.39 mm). Based on these results, the F4 formula with a concentration of 1.5% provides the most optimal antibacterial activity.
Bioactive Metabolites in Melaleuca leucadendra Leaves Extract: Phytochemical Profilling and GC-MS Characterization for Antimicrobial Relevance Atina, Atina; Royani, Idha; Indah, Assa; Setiabudidaya, Dedi; Miksusanti, Miksusanti; Arsyad, Fitri Suryani
Chempublish Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Chempublish Journal (January - June)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/chp.v10i1.49078

Abstract

The global escalation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) necessitates the exploration of natural sources of antibacterial agents. This study examined the ethanolic leaf extract of Melaleuca leucadendra's phytochemical composition, chemical profile, and antibacterial activity. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, terpenoids, and steroids were all detected by phytochemical screening. The quantitative total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extract was 17.78 mg QE/g, while the total phenolic content (TPC) was 292.43 mg GAE/g extract. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis identified oxygenated esters (18.86%), oxygenated aromatics (15.22%), phenolic derivatives (13.44%), and flavonoids (12.86%), methoxylated aromatics and terpenoids (5.34%), phytol, and fatty acid derivatives. These metabolite classes are widely reported to exert antibacterial effects through multiple mechanisms such as membrane disruption, enzyme inactivation, and inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. Antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the agar diffusion method showed a concentration-dependent response, with the highest activity at 80% extract (15.67 ± 0.58 mm and 15.33 ± 0.58 mm inhibition zones, respectively). Raman spectroscopy confirmed the interaction between polymer molecules and secondary metabolite compounds in the extract, thereby potentially enhancing antibacterial properties. These findings highlight that the antibacterial activity of M. leucadendra is mediated by the synergistic interplay of phenolics, flavonoids, methoxylated aromatics, terpenoids, and fatty acids. The findings offer compelling proof that M. leucadendra is a viable natural source for the creation of antibacterial compounds that will lessen antibiotic resistance.
Synthesis of Sulfated and CaO-Modified UiO-66 Bifunctional Catalysts from Zircon Sand for Conversion of Waste Cooking Oil Pasaribu, Marvin Horale; Agnestisia, Retno; Pratika, Remi Ayu; Toepak, Erwin Prasetya; Karelius , Karelius
Chempublish Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Chempublish Journal (January - June)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/chp.v10i1.49575

Abstract

Zircon-based UiO-66 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized from Central Kalimantan zircon sand and modified into bifunctional catalysts for two-step biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO). Zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl₂·8H₂O), obtained via acid leaching of zircon sand, served as the precursor for solvothermal UiO-66 synthesis using terephthalic acid (H₂BDC) as a linker. Post-synthetic modifications yielded sulfated UiO-66 (UiO-66/SO₄) as an acid catalyst and CaO-modified UiO-66 (UiO-66/CaO) as a base catalyst. XRD analysis displayed sharp reflections at 2θ = 7.4°, 8.5°, 25.8°, and 30.8° for UiO-66, with additional peaks at 17.7°, 33.8°, and 46.8° corresponding to CaO and Ca(OH)₂ phases, and a new band at 1114 cm-1 confirming sulfate incorporation—indicating successful formation of acid–base composite structures. Catalytic tests were conducted at varying catalyst loadings of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%. The UiO-66/SO₄ catalyst achieved the highest esterification efficiency at 0.5% loading, reducing the free fatty acid (FFA) content by 51.7%. Similarly, UiO-66/CaO exhibited optimum transesterification activity at 0.5% loading, yielding 61.82% biodiesel. FTIR spectra of the products confirmed fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) formation with characteristic C=O (1744 cm-1), C–O (1165, 1031 cm-1), and CH₃ (1456 cm-1) vibrations. These results demonstrate that zircon-sand-derived UiO-66 catalysts possess excellent structural stability, synergistic acid–base functionality, and strong catalytic efficiency, providing a sustainable pathway for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
Artikel Uji toksisitas akut oral xilooligosakarida dari hidrolisis xilan jerami menggunakan enzim rekombinan Endo-β-1,4-D-Xylanase : Studi Toksisitas Xilooligosakarida Vergian, Putra; stri Ratnadewi, Anak Agung I; Riandy, Cahyaningtyas Tetta; Rukmana, Riesma; Ulfa, Evi Umayah; Siswoyo, Tri Agus; Syafriadi, Mei
Chempublish Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Chempublish Journal (January - June)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/chp.v10i1.49759

Abstract

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are recognized as prebiotics that stimulate the proliferation of probiotic bacteria and enhance short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Compared to other prebiotics, XOS offer notable advantages, including thermal stability and tolerance to a broad pH range. Building on these attributes, this study aimed to evaluate the potential toxicity of XOS derived from rice straw xylan hydrolyzed using recombinant endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Acute oral toxicity was assessed in male Wistar rats at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight, with observations conducted over a 14-day period. Parameters evaluated included body weight, clinical signs, hematological and biochemical indices, as well as macroscopic and histopathological alterations. Signs of toxicity were observed as changes in stool consistency within the first 4 to 24 hours, while mortality occurred in three male rats. Although body weight showed a tendency to increase, particularly in males, the estimated LD₅₀ value ranged between >500 and 2000 mg/kg body weight, classifying XOS as moderately toxic. Moreover, histopathological examination revealed pathological alterations in the kidneys and liver, while serum biochemical analysis indicated metabolic changes that remained within normal limits. Overall, these findings suggest that XOS possess promising prebiotic potential; however, further studies are required to confirm their long-term safety for application in food products.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PADI (Oryza Sativa L) UNTUK PEMBUATAN SILIKA GEL DENGAN VARIASI RASIO MASSA BAHAN BAKU DAN LARUTAN PEREAKSI: PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PADI (Oryza Sativa L) UNTUK PEMBUATAN SILIKA GEL DENGAN VARIASI RASIO MASSA BAHAN BAKU DAN LARUTAN PEREAKSI
Chempublish Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Chempublish Journal (January - June)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/chp.v10i1.49539

Abstract

Rice is one of the major agricultural commodities that generates large amounts of biomass waste, particularly rice husks and rice straw. These by-products contain high silica content and have potential as raw materials for silica gel production. This study aimed to synthesize silica gel from rice husks and rice straw using the sol–gel method with different biomass ratios and acid activators. The ratios of rice husk to rice straw used were 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 (w/w). The synthesis process was carried out using 3 M HCl and 3 M H₂SO₄ solutions as reactants. The obtained silica gel products were evaluated based on yield, moisture content, water adsorption capacity, and functional group characteristics using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the optimum silica gel was produced from a biomass ratio of 75 % rice husk and 25 % rice straw using H₂SO₄ as the reactant. The resulting silica gel exhibited a yield of 82.5 %, moisture content of 14.7 %, and water adsorption capacity of 0.0092 g/g. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of silanol (Si–OH), siloxane (Si–O–Si), and siloxy functional groups, indicating successful silica gel formation. Overall, the synthesized silica gel demonstrated physicochemical properties consistent with standard silica gel characteristics and showed potential for application as an adsorbent material.
The Potential of Pomadasys argyreus (Popondok Fish) Oil as an Omega-3 Source from the Mangrove Ecosystems of Southeast Sulawesi
Chempublish Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Chempublish Journal (January - June)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/chp.v10i1.49647

Abstract

One of the marine products with high nutritional value is the popondok fish (Pomadasys argyreus). This species is commonly found in the mangrove ecosystems of Sulawesi and is utilized as an easily accessible source of animal protein for coastal communities. This study aims to analyze the fatty acid composition and physicochemical characteristics of popondok fish oil (Pomadasys argyreus). The popondok fish samples were obtained from Lembo Village, North Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The fish oil was extracted using the Soxhlet extraction method at 70°C with n-hexane as the solvent. The purified fish oil was then characterized for its physicochemical properties, including acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, and saponification value, and its fatty acid composition was analyzed using GC-FID. The measured acid and peroxide values of the popondok fish oil indicated good quality, while the iodine value met the national standard. The saponification value suggested that the fatty acids in the oil were predominantly medium- to long-chain. These findings were supported by the fatty acid composition analysis, which showed that 58.14% of the total fatty acids were unsaturated. It can be concluded that popondok fish oil has the potential to be utilized as a viable source of high-quality fish oil.
Aktivitas Antidiabetes Kulit Batang Arcangelisia flava dari Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia Secara In Vivo Terintegrasi dengan Analisis Farmakologi Jaringan
Chempublish Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Chempublish Journal (January - June)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/chp.v10i1.49750

Abstract

The Arcangelisia flava plant has previously been reported to reduce blood glucose levels in experimental animals. However, there have been no reports on the antidiabetic activity of its stem bark. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of A. flava extracts and fractions, identify their bioactive compounds, and explore the mechanistic pathways involved using the network pharmacology approach. The chemical constituents of the n-hexane fraction were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The in vivo antidiabetic test was conducted on Mus musculus induced with streptozotocin/niacinamide. Blood glucose levels were measured using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) The antioxidant activity of the extracts and fractions was determined using the ABTS assay. The result showed that the GC-MS analysis of the n-hexane fraction identified 18 compounds belonging to seven chemical groups, namely aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones and alcohols, phenolic aldehydes, sulfur compounds, terpenes, fatty acid derivatives, and alkaloids. The highest percentage of blood glucose reduction was observed in the group treated with ethanolic extract 500 mg/kg BW (50.25%), followed by glibenclamide (43.53%), ethyl acetate fraction 125 mg/kg BW (42.82%), ethanolic extract 250 mg/kg BW (41.88%), n-hexane fraction 125 mg/kg BW (34.96%), butanol fraction 125 mg/kg BW (34.28%), and ethanolic extract 125 mg/kg BW (34.14%), respectively. The ABTS assay produced IC₅₀ values for vitamin C, ethanolic extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and butanol fraction of 8.00, 49.80, 110.25, 10.20, and 18.44 µg/mL, respectively. Network pharmacology analysis of compound 7 and compound 17 from the n-hexane fraction revealed antidiabetic potential through inhibition of the AGE–RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. The key target proteins involved included MAPK1, MMP2, MAPK14, MAPK3, PIK3CA, and TGFBR1. In conclusion, the extracts and fractions of Arcangelisia flava exhibit strong potential as antidiabetic and antioxidant agents. The n-hexane fraction, in particular, is presumed to exert its antidiabetic activity through inhibition of the AGE–RAGE signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in diabetic complications.

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