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Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
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Articles 15 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 11, No 3 (2021)" : 15 Documents clear
Secondary Metabolite Ceiba pentandra Gaertn. as Biological Control to Canker Disease on Dragon Fruit Masnillah, Rachmi; Budi, Ival Oktavian Nurtian; Pradana, Ankardiansyah Pandu; Alfarisy, Fariz Kustiawan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.03.10

Abstract

Canker diseases caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum are a serious threat for dragon fruit production.  Comprehensive and environmentally friendly control efforts are needed to reduce yield losses due to this disease. Cottonwood (Ceiba pentandra) is one of the plants that contain complex phytochemicals that can control phyto-pathogens. This study aimed to examine the potential of secondary metabolites produced from the leaves and bark of the C. pentandara as botanical fungicides. Parts of dragon fruit that are attacked by canker are isolated on Potatoes Dextrose Agar media. Observation of conidia and fungal spores using a binocular microscope with a magnification of 100×. The hyphal form of the N. dimidiatum is rectangular and clear. As botanical fungicides, the leaves and the bark of the C. pentandara are dried for 14 days. The extract solution then analyzed for it’s secondary metabolites. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that each leaf extract and bark (+) compound of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. The quantitative results of secondary metabolites detected 304.3 mg.kg-1, Flavonoids and Tannins of 1.6 mg.kg-1. Secondary metabolites obtained were tested on the fungus N. dimidiatum with inhibitory parameters in vitro and in vivo. This study followed a factorial completely randomized design consisting of concentration factors and types of extract parts. The data obtained were then analyzed by ANOVA and significant treatments were further tested by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at α = 5%. The combination treatment with a concentration of 40 mg ml-1 is more effective in controlling canker in indicators of inhibitory, the extent of the attack, and intensity of disease severity.
Nanoelicitors Application Promote Antioxidant Capacity of Asparagus officinalis (In Vitro) Mohammadhassan, Reza; Ferdosi, Annahid; Seifalian, Alexander Marcus; Seifalian, Maral; Malmir, Shiva
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.03.01

Abstract

Nanoparticles recently play remarkable roles in modern agriculture and biotechnology due to specific exclusively physicochemical and biological characteristics of the particles. In recent years, nanoparticles are been using as fertilizers and elicitors to improve crops. Nutritionists are constantly seeking natural antioxidants without side effects to using for healthcare and treatment. Asparagus officinalis L. as medicinal plant treated by iron (0, 10, 50 and 100 mg/L) and selenium (0, 0.5,and 1 mg/L) nanoparticles as nano elicitors. Then the antioxidant capacity of A. officinalis L. was detected and measured by α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, for assessment of the antioxidant activity. The iron nanoparticlesconcentration significantly increases the antioxidant activity of both male and female asparagus stem, as well as selenium nanoparticles. When combined iron and selenium used as nano elicitors then cause the antioxidant activity significantly decreases. But the integration of two nano elicitors (iron and selenium) decreased antioxidant capacity while the use of nano-selenium could enhance antioxidant capacity. The application of nano elicitor increased antioxidant capacity in the female stem than male.
Physico-chemical Properties and Fish Composition of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed, Tandag, Surigao del Sur, Philippines Ojao, Melche D; Manatadi, Ecclesiastes E; Logronio, Pepito A; Raz, Julianne T; Cudal, Maricris Gansubin; Gracia Jr., Arturo G
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.03.13

Abstract

The first assessment study in aquatic ecosystem of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed revealed 23 species of fish belonging to 21 families from 22 genera. Species diversity is high, with values 1.88 and 0.42, respectively for Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (‘H) and Simpsons Dominance (D). Out of the 21 families, Butidae and Eleotridae had the highest species composition (8.70%). Interestingly, the fish composition of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed was primarily composed of native (19 spp.), one (1 spp.) endemic, with two (2 spp.) recorded introduced species and one (1 spp.) Invasive Alien Species. The presence of dominant species of native species indicates the healthy state of the freshwater ecosystem of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed. However, the recently classified Invasive Alien Species of Oreochromis niloticus or Nile tilapia may attribute a negative impact in the river ecosystem that may result in the possible decline of native and endemic fish species present in the area. Whereas, the in- situ reading of some physico-chemical parameters like temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH of the Ihawan Spring Community Watershed river ecosystem revealed that all parameter tested have passed the standards set by the Philippine Water Quality Standards for Class AA (potable water) intended primarily for waters having watersheds which are inhabited and otherwise protected. From the findings, additional study especially on the abundance of recorded introduced and Invasive Alien Species is highly recommended to monitor the population abundance between the introduced, Invasive Alien Species, native and endemic species and to establish a real profile of the aquatic ecosystem of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed.
Clinical and Laboratory Features of COVID-19 in Ulin Referral Hospital of South Kalimantan: Predictors of Clinical Outcome Haryati, Haryati; Isa, Mohamad; Assagaf, Ali; Nurrasyidah, Ira; Kusumawardhani, Erna; Suhartono, Eko; Arganita, Fidya Rahmadhany
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.03.06

Abstract

Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is becoming a global pandemic. Indonesia, especially South Kalimantan had recorded increasing cases with a high fatality rate of 3.7%. Information about factors related to outcomes based on clinical and laboratory features in Indonesia is still limited. Identification of the risk is crucial to determine optimal management and reducing mortality. This retrospective study enrolled 455 adults COVID-19 patients, and data were extracted from medical records of Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin. The latter is COVID-19 referral hospital in South Kalimantan between March-November 2020. Demographic data, comorbidities, and laboratory were all collected. Data were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Fisher’s exact test and chi-square were used to compare categorical variables. The Mann_Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables. Analysis was continued by multivariate logistic regression then receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to determine cut-off value. The multivariate analysis showed that number of comorbidities [odds ratio (OR) 1,339 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1,064-1,685, P = 0,013) was a significant risk factor to the outcome. In laboratory, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [OR: 1.001, 95% CI: 1,000-1.002, P = 0.001], Ferritin (OR 1.000, CI: 1,000-1.001, P = 0.013), APTT (OR: 1.045, CI: 1.010-1.082, P = 0.012), and D-dimer (OR: 1.188, CI: 1.064 - 1.327, P = 0.002) were significant predictor factors but only LDH, ferritin, and D- dimer were obtained good AUC 0.731, 0.715, and 0.705, respectively. The cut of the value of LDH was 656.5 U/L, ferritin was 672.18 ng/ml, and D-dimer was 2.28 mg/L. Sensitivity and specificity were 66.7% and 68,0% for LDH, 83,2% and 56,3% for ferritin, and 62,8 and 70,8% for D-dimer. From this research, we revealed that the number of comorbidities was a risk factor for death. Elevated LDH, ferritin, and D-dimer could be good predictive factors for poor outcomes, thereby considering the accelerating management of COVID-19 patients.
A Review on Enzymatic Response to Salt Stress and Genomic/Metagenomic Analysis of Adaptation Protein in Hypersaline Environment Oyewusi, Habeebat Adekilekun; Muhammad, Muhammad; Wahab, Roswanira Abdul; Huyop, Fahrul
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.03.11

Abstract

Microorganisms adapted to conditions of high salinity (low water activity) provide an understanding on how the problem of maintaining an efficient cell integrity under high osmotic stress conditions that had been tackled naturally. Almost all microbes adapting to extreme situations either by intracellularly amass inorganic ions (K+) to counterbalance high salt concentration or by synthesizing and accumulating certain organic solutes called compatible solutes that confer protection without affecting cell functions and this process may be chloride ion dependent in some microorganisms. However, the use of culture-independent method like genomic or metagenomics shields more light on the microbial diversity, gene structure and regulation as well as discovery of novel genes that led to understanding of their adaptation mechanism and roles in extreme environments. Therefore, microbes that survive this natural attenuation aimed at acclimatizing with the extreme environments could serve as the sources of biotechnologically essential molecules with an extensive array of uses.
The Identity of the Herb Todda–Vaddi in Van Rheede’s Hortus Malabaricus Daniel, Jisha; Santhoshkumar, Ettickal Sukumaran; Rajendraprasad, Madhavan; Decruse, Sabarimuthan William
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.03.03

Abstract

The ambiguity on the botanical identity of Todda-vaddi in Rheede’s Hortus Malabaricus is clarified as Biophytum reinwardtii (Zucc.) Klotzsch here. A detailed description, photographs and other relevant notes are provided.   
Immunomodulatory Activity of Methanol Leaf Extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) Against Suppressor and Proinflammatory Molecules Supriyanto, Supriyanto; Widjanarko, Simon Bambang; Rifa'i, Muhaimin; Yunianta, Yunianta
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.03.07

Abstract

Neem plant is rich in bioactive constituents, which make it massively discussed the treatment of various diseases. A study on the immunomodulatory activities of neem is given here. This current work aimed to investigate the effects of neem leaf extract on immunocompetent cells. In vivo experiment was carried out using mice (Mus musculus)  induced with DMBA, comprising positive control, negative control, and treatments of neem leaf extracts (250, 500, and 1000 ppm). Data obtained from flow cytometric analysis were evaluated using BD Cellquest ProTM software, then statistically analyzed in SPSS version 21. Parametric analysis in one-way ANOVA was performed at a significance level of 5%. The significant difference was compared in the Duncan test. The results showed that administration of neem leaf extracts significantly affected the expression of CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, CD62L, IL-10, and IL-17 cells .Neem leaf extract has immunomodulatory activities by increasing pressure molecules and decreasing pro-inflammatory molecules
Mutation Analysis and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of TP53 Gene in Breast Cancer in East Java Radhiyah, Rizqa; Ardana, I Kade Karisma Gita; Wisnubroto, Wisnubroto; Listyorini, Dwi; Susanto, Hendra
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.03.12

Abstract

The Incidence of Indonesia breast cancer case in 2018 was reported at 20.7% or 160,653 in number. The factors that caused breast cancer is TP53 gene mutation and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). This study aimed to determine the mutation and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of TP53 gene in breast cancer. Samples of this study were 9 people chosen based on a purposive technique. The methods include total DNA isolation, DNA quantification, PCR, and sequencing. The results of the sequencing were then analyzed using alignment and blast. The SNP is browsed by the SNP finder on NCBI both followed by protein modeling. The results of this study indicate the existence of mutation in the exon and intron regions. Substitution of Guanine (G) to base Adenine (A) is occur in codon 496 which is a coding region. SNP was also obtained in exon of sample 12. The conclusion of this study is breast cancer can be caused by mutations that occur in the exon and altered the structur of protein structure, so then affect the binding affinity between p53 and its target domain. Tp53 gene mutation is not the only cause of breast cancer staging development, there are other genes that also contribute to the development of cancer stage. In addition, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the TP53 gene can be used as a predisposition marker of breast cancer that has potential to be inherited
Complex Compound with Transitional Metal of Akway Bark (Drimys piperita Hook f.) as Low Molecular Weight Scavenging Antioxidant: a Computational Study Hutasoit, Hostalige; Djoko, Dionysius Joseph; Sumitro, Sutiman B; Widjanarko, Simon Bambang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.03.02

Abstract

Akway (Drimys piperita Hook f.) was known as an endogenous plant of Indonesia. This plant was investigated as free radical scavenger based on paramagnetic properties. This study aimed to identify the bioactive compound and the role of Fe metals ions to enhance the free radical scavenger capacity as Low molecular weight antioxidant (LWMA) of akway. This study was designed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with ultra-high-resolution time of flight-mass spectrometry detector (TOF-MS), docking (Pyrex and Discovery Studio 2016 Client) and pharmacokinetic properties prediction (SwissADME). UPLC-TOF-MS analysis showed that herbal akway bark has five molecular formula (C4H3N10O21-, C14H19N4O91-, C4H7N6O51-, C15H28NO31+, and C23H32NO71+). The docking was illustrated the complex binding akway formula with Fe and its role as a metal donor and metal acceptor. It also confirmed on pharmacokinetics properties prediction which molecular compounds of akway have aqueous solubility. It meant the herbal akway bark complexed to Fe could be a low molecular weight antioxidant and it could be escalated free radical scavenger capacity.
Niche Overlap between Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii and Helarctos malayanus Raffles within Small Scale Habitat in Punggualas Area, Sebangau National Park Panda, Adventus; Krestina, Widya
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.03.08

Abstract

The Sebangau National Park is a major stronghold for Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) ranging from 6000 – 9000 individuals. In comparison with Bornean Orangutans, very little ecological fieldwork has been conducted to investigate sun bear biology, and there have been no thorough surveys of distribution or population densities. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the basic information on niche overlap between these two endangered species, specifically to quantify their relationship within the small-scale habitat in Punggualas area, SNP. Data was collected and measured during 15 – 21 June 2019; using line transects methods. A total of 6580 m was walked along 8 consecutive transects. Bear and aging sign follow Augeri protocols. A total 18 printed mark-claw and 17 Orangutan nests was measured according to the mentioned methodology.  The relationships between signs use binary logistic regressions (StatPlus for Mac) and PCA model (using R), while interspecific relationships use Co-Occurrence modeling, ESP for Windows. The results showed that there is no difference between bear sign and orangutan nest (c2: 26.249; df :1, p-value : 0.001); While the results on habitat selection between transects is failed to reject the null hypothesis (c2 = 0.29; df :1, p-value : 0.490). The Mann-Whitney U test, also confirmed no distinctive overlap between the Orangutan and the Sun Bear (Z: 0.84; p-value: 0.40). The co-occurrence simulations also revealed significant results (C-Score = 1.00), by means both target animals co-existed in the habitat.  Obviously, the Orangutan and Sun Bear occupy the same habitat. There is no distinctive overlap between them in terms of tree species selection and having a close interrelationship in terms of feeding ground, whereas the fruiting is not available. The only distinctive difference is that the Bear sign was tend hindering waterlogged terrain.

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