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Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences

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Published by Universitas Brawijaya

ISSN : 20875517 EISSN : 25274376 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science

The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.

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Articles 1,001 Documents

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Nutritional Value of Selected Edible Ficus Fruit in Kuantan Nazua, Nadira; Shahari, Rozilawati; Amri, Che Nurul Aini Che; Tajudin, Nur Shuhada; Mispan, Mohd. Radzali
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/10.01.02

Interest in the nutritional value content in food had been increasing as one of the ways to reduce the disease among the human being. Ficus is one of the fruit that contained high in major source of nutrients. Considering the important towards the mankind, this study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional content of Ficus fruit. There were six species and varieties of Ficus used in this study. The fresh sample was collected from selected area in Kuantan, Pahang. The major proximal components such as moisture content, crude fibre, crude lipid, total ash, crude protein, carbohydrate and energy was analysed using AOAC method. Based on this study, the moisture content ranges from 36. 33 % - 49.67 % in F. carica cv. BTM6; crude protein 2.3 % - 4.58 % in F. carica cv. TGF; crude lipid 0.01 % - 0.11 % in F. carica cv. BTM6; total ash 14.94 % - 21.22 % in F. carica cv. Alma and crude fiber 0.88 % - 3.36 % in F. carica cv. BTM6. The highest value of carbohydrate and energy content was found in F. hispida with 43.86 % and 175.44 kJ, respectively. According to our findings, consumption of Ficus fruit is recommended for commercialized in green industry based on its nutritional content that was crucial for human health.

Fingerprint pattern of major ethnic groups among students of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai, Nigeria Isah, Mohammed Chado; Muhammed, Alfa Maali; Yabagi, Fatima Isah; Mohammed, Safiya Yunusa
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This study is aimed at identifying fingerprint pattern of major ethnic groups among the students of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University (IBBU) Lapai, which can be helpful in resource management for Niger State of Nigeria. The students were grouped into Nupe, Gwari, Kambari and Non-Nigerlites. Occasions for specific ethnic groups were target for data collection which exclude exclusion criteria. The types of finger print patterns considered include Ulnar Loop, Radial Loop, Plain Arch, Tented Arch and Accidental Whorl, Plain Whorl, Double Loop Whorl and Central Pocket Whorl. The respondentsâ€™ fingerprints were collected using inked stamp pad, printed onto designated potions on coded paper. The data collected were represented in percentage occurrence of the fingerprint patterns for each group. Ulnar Loop was the commonest fingerprint pattern among the students of IBBU Lapai. Also common to the groups of the students are absence of Double Loop Whorl on the right ring finger, left and right little fingers as well as Tented Arch not on the right Thumb of the students. The finger print marker for the groups were absence of Double Loop Whorl on the right ring finger and absence of Tented Arch on the left Thumb of Nupe, absence of Double Loop Whorl on the left index fingers of Gwari, Tented Arch not on left and right little fingers of Kambari speaking people studying in IBBU Lapai, those of the Non-Nigerlite students of IBBU Lapai lack Tented Arch on all their fingers and Double Loop Whorl not on the right index finger.

Antibacterial Screening of Mangrove Extract Library Showed Potential Activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Audah, Kholis Abdurachim; Batubara, Razethy; Julkipli, Julkipli; Wijaya, Elza; Kurniawaty, Evi; Batubara, Irmanida
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.02.03

Humans are at a continuous battle against different types of diseases, so that extraordinary effort to accelerate drug discovery has become a necessity. Indonesian biodiversity is abundant natural resources that can be utilized as potential drug sources. Mangroves are among potential plant medicines that grow nearly at all Indonesian coastlines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of mangrove extracts (extract library) as antibacterial agents. In this study, eight mangroves species with 16 samples from different parts of the plants such as leaf, bark or root were collected. Four types of solvents with different polarity, namely water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane were used in maceration of samples producing 64 extracts. Disk diffusion method was used for antibacterial screening using five bacterial strains. There were 37 extracts showed antibacterial potential with the lowest and the highest inhibition indexes were 0.0283 and 1.8983, respectively. The highest inhibition index was recorded for ethyl acetate extract of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza root (BgR (Ea)) against Escherichia coli. The second highest inhibition index was 0.7867 recorded water extract of Avicennia marina leaf (AmL (A)) against Staphylococcus aureus. Almost all of extract showed saponin and tannin in considerable amount. This supported the data that mangrove extracts were potential as antibacterial agents.

Anti-Apoptotic Activity of Anthocyanins has Potential to inhibit Caspase-3 Signaling Sari, Dewi Ratih Tirto; Safitri, Anna; Cairns, James Robert Ketudat; Fatchiyah, Fatchiyah
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Caspase-3 is a biochemical marker for cell apoptosis. Several studies focused on exploring caspase inhibitor potential in natural compounds. Hence, in this study investigated the anthocyanins as anti-apoptotic potential activity through caspase-3 using molecular docking. Six types of anthocyanin were retrieved from PubChem database and caspase-3 protein was downloaded from Protein Data Bank. Anthocyanins and caspase-3 protein were docked using HEX 8.0 program and visualized using Discovery Studio 4.1 software. The interaction among cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside and petunidin-3-O-glucoside showed similar binding pattern on caspase-3 protein. All of them bind to BIR2 region and allosteric site of caspase-3, which are a crucial site for apoptosis regulation. Interestingly, malvidin-3-O-glucoside also interacted with caspase-3 in BIR1, BIR2 and BIR3 regions. In addition, anthocyanins-caspase-3 complex showed low energy and demonstrated several hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals interactions, which indicated stable interaction. This study implies that all anthocyanins have potential as inhibitor of caspase-3 protein and might have potential as anti-apoptosis. Further in-vitro and in-vivo studies are need to confirm this experimental.

Looking on Indigo Flycatcher (Eumyas indigo) Hunting Behaviour: Time, Ecology, and Habitat Preference Kurnianto, Agung Sih; Sugiharto, Arief; Kurniawan, Nia
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.01.07

Hunting is the main support of life for the insectivores bird of the world. Through an understanding of Indigo Flycatcher behavior character, we compiled new information for the daily behavior of Indigo Flycatcher and Muscicapidae family in general. The study was conducted at 3 periods to interpret the effect of different seasons conditions: the first period (rainy season, 1 â€“ 30 January 2015), the second period (dry season, 1-30 June 2015), the third period (transition season, 1 â€“ 30 November 2015). The research station covers 3 research points (A=edge of the forest, b = garbage dump, c = dense forest. A canonical correspondence (CCA) was used to understand the significance of the interaction between the abiotic factors and season. Based on the observations, the transition of the season became the most preferred moment for Indigo Flycatcher. Indigo flycatcher hunts in a group, both singular and mixed. Point B is the most common location of Indigo Flycatcher hunting activity.

Growth and Development of Tristaniopsis merguensis Seedling Inoculated by Natural Ectomycorrhiza Triadiati, Triadiati; Hidayanti, Anastastia Raditya; Sukarno, Nampiah
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Tristaniopsis merguensis (pelawan tree) is a potential plant, however, it has not cultivated and conserved optimally due to slow growth and lack of information about the cultivation. The existence of T. merguensis in the forest is important because pelawan fungi grow under the tree, particularly in the above of the roots. Information about how to grow the T. merguensis seedling is very limited; therefore, research in growth and development of T. merguensis seedling was important. The aims of this study were to determine the appropriate planting medium for T. merguensis seed germination and to stimulate growth and development of T. merguensis seedling by using its fungi. Status of T. merguensis fungi was studied by analyzing root morphology. Fungi isolation was carried out from colonized root and fungi fruit body. The stimulated the growth of T. merguensis seedling was done by using fungi isolated from colonization root in laboratory scale, as well as treated at a different phosphate concentration. The result showed that T. merguensis was associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi. Planting medium consists of sawdust and T. merguensis fine root resulted the highest percentage of germination. Seedlings were treated with ectomycorrhizal fungi grew better than without ectomycorrhizal fungi. In addition, seedlings treatment with ectomycorrhizal fungi and phosphate 25% showed the highest growth rate.Â

In vitro Studies on Pollen Viability, Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth of Hornstedtia conoidea Ridl. â€“ a Philippine Endemic Ginger Species Mendez, Noe Polo; Acma, Florfe Macabudbud
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 8, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Zingiberaceous plants are predominantly propagated through underground rhizomes and seeds. In this study, the viability of pollen, rate of pollen germination and length of pollen tube of the Philippine endemic Hornstedtia conoidea were examined. Four petri plates containing pollen samples were prepared, of which two petri plates were used immediately after the collection, while the other two petri plates were stored for one week. The determination of pollen viability was made employing stain tests using IKI (iodine + potassium iodide) solution and safranin and measured immediately after the collection and after one week. Likewise, pollen germination test was carried out in vitro on agar medium and measured after 24 hours and one week of incubation. Data revealed that pollen viability was higher in the samples which were sown immediately with safranin with percentage pollen viability of 92.43%, while IKI test was lower with 89.36%. On the other hand, the pollen stored for one week measured 47.29% for safranin test and 33.14% for IKI test. The percentage germination of pollen after 24 hours was 72.65%, while 11.13% after one week. The pollen samples which were subjected for tube growth were examined for two weeks and gave positive results. Overall, it can be concluded that H. conoidea pollen can successfully be collected and stored for certain time. Knowledge regarding the pollen viability, pollen germination and pollen tube growth of this species will give practical benefit for plant breeding and conservation purposes, since H. conoidea is found in the wild, and as of now, the species has been recorded only in the Philippines.

Soil Arthropod Diversity and Composition Inhabited Various Habitats in Universitas Brawijaya Forest in Malang East Java Indonesia Leksono, Amin Setyo; Putri, Ninda Merisa; Gama, Zulfaidah Penata; Yanuwiyadi, Bagyo; Zairina, Anisa
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 9, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

A study on soil arthropod abundance, diversity and composition have been done on November 2016 to March 2017 using pitfall traps. The objective of this study is to analyze variations of the soil arthropod abundance, diversity and composition among different habitats in a university forest.Â The study was carried out in Universitas Brawijaya Forest (UBF) Malang, East Java (7Â°49'S, 112Â°34'E, 1,200 m in altitude), consisted of four locations: an agroforestry (AF), a gallery forest (GF), the pine stands (PS) and a settlement yard (SY). At each site, a total of 10 traps (5 by 2 rows) were placed systematically at 4-m intervals. Glass cups (10 cm in diameter and 7 cm deep) were buried in the ground during 24 hours. There were 2286 individuals of arthropod collected from all sampling locations. Overall the samples collected consist of 41 families of arthropods. The abundance (mean Â± SE) of soil arthropod was highest in PS and the lowest in SY. Statistically, variations in abundance among locations were significant (F = 7.39, p < 0.01). The taxa richness of arthropod was highest in GF and the lowest in SY. Statistically, variations in taxa richness among locations were significant (F = 4.26, p < 0.05).Â The diversity was the highest in the GF (1.9 Â± 0.1) lowest in the SY (0.74 Â± 0.1). Statistically, variations in diversity among study sites were significant (F = 26.73, p < 0.001). In general, scavenger dominated the composition of soil arthropods. The highest proportion of scavenger abundance present in SY was 84.9%, while the lowest in the GF was 29.3%. The highest litter transformer composition in GF was 33.9%, and the lowest in SY was 8%. The highest decomposer in PS was 26.9% and the lowest in AF was 12.9%. The highest predator in AF was 20.7% and the lowest in SY was 1%. Compositions of soil arthropod were affected by environmental factors such as soil temperature and light intensity.

The Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria from the Traditional Medicinal Plants Leaves that Have Anti-Phytopathogens Activity Zam, Syukria Ikhsan; Agustien, Anthoni; Syamsuardi, Syamsuardi; Djamaan, Akmal; Mustafa, Irfan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 9, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.09.01.8

Endophytic bacteria live in plant tissues which utilized in plant protection against phytopathogens. This study aims to investigate the diversity of endophytic bacteria from the leaves of traditional medicinal plants that has anti-phytopathogens properties. Isolation of endophytic bacteria was done by spread plate method. The bacteria were characterised by Gram staining and the 16S rRNA gene analysis. Further screening of anti-phytopathogen activity used disc diffusion method for Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris, Fusarium oxysporum, and Sclerotium rolfsii. All togethers, sixteen isolates of endophytic bacteria from the leaves of eight medicinal plants species were obtained. Fourteen isolates had an anti-phytopathogen (with eight isolates against R. solanacearum, seven isolates against X. campestris, nine isolates against F. oxysporum, and five isolates against S. rolfsii). From the 14 isolates identified, phylum Firmicutes were dominant (64.3%), followed by Proteobacteria (28.6%), and Actinobacteria (7.1%). Phylum Firmicutes consists of Bacillus indicus (BJF1, TCF1, and MCF2), Bacillus pumilus (CAF4), Bacillus sp. (CAF1), Bacillus subtilis (AAF2, MCF1, CAF3, and MCF3); phylum Proteobacteria consists of Pantoea agglomerans (CAF2), Pantoea stewartii (AAF4), Pseudomonas oryzihabitans (AAF3), and Pseudomonas psychrotolerans (AAF1); and phylum Actinobacteria consists of Kocuria kristinae (CSF1).

Ovitrap Index and Transovarial Transmission Rate of Dengue Virus of Male and Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Juhdi, Isnadiyah; Fitri, Loeki Enggar; Zuhriyah, Lilik; Arasy, Andi Arahmadani
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 9, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

The incidence rate (IR) of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Indonesia has increased in recent years and still causes a health problem. Makassar, as one of the big cities in Indonesia, is also experiencing of DHF cases. According to the Health Office of Makassar City, DHF cases during 2014 â€“ 2016 has increased from 139 to 250 cases. The defense mechanism of dengue virus in transovarial transmission from female mosquitoes to eggs is estimated to be one of the factors that increase the rate of DHF. In addition, the circulation of the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes can also affect the increase of the rate. This study aims are to identify ovitrap index and to find out how much the vertical transmission of dengue virus by measuring the minimum infection rate (MIR) and the distribution of four dengue virus serotype in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in the city of Makassar, South Sulawesi, as well as their association with the incidence rate (IR) in the area. This observational research uses ecological study with cross-sectional approach. The samples of the study are male and female mosquitoes from Ae.aegypti eggs obtained from the installation of ovitrapÂ in 30 urban villages in Makassar. Dengue virus identification was performed using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These results showed that the ovitrap index (IO) was in the range of 0 - 66.7%. The average value of the ovitrap index outside the house (44.44%) was greater than inside house (37.22%). The results of identification of dengue virus using RT-PCR showed negative results as indicated by the non-formation of a band on 75 pools male and 78 pools female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes after electrophoresis. The results of this study indicated that the Ae. aegypti mosquito in Makassar City showed a tendency to lay eggs outside the house due to the habit of the people who put rain water shelters outside the house which could become breeding place for Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. This study also showed that there was no transovarial transmission of DENV found in male and female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in Makassar City during November 2017 until January 2018.

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