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The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health

IJOSH
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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 2301 8046 EISSN : 2540 7872 DOI : 10.20473/ijosh

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health is an open access and scientific journal published by the Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, and supported by Indonesian Occupational Safety and Health Association (AHKKI) East Java Region, Indonesian Occupational Health Experts Association (PAKKI), and Indonesian Industrial Hygiene Association. The journal aims to publish original articles and review articles on recent developments related to occupational health and safety. Articles were published after a peer-review process with two reviewers and the editor. Since 2017, this journal is published regularly three times a year, in April, August and December. Since 2019, all articles have been published in English. This journal has been certified as a Scientific Journal by the Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) since October 3, 2022 valid through August 2026 (SINTA 2).

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Articles 455 Documents

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Assessment of Work Posture on Woven Bamboo Craftsmen Isyeu Sriagustini; Teni Supriyani
The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: The industry in Indonesia is still experiencing a rapid development. Woven craft one of the thriving informal sector businesses in Tasikmalaya Regency. Each stage of work on making bamboo woven crafts is done in a way that is not ergonomic, especially in the working position, namely how to sit or squat on the floor with the head and back bent. This condition can cause musculoskeletal disorders. The results of risk analysis showed that the job position that belongs to a high-risk category must be controlled immediately. The aim of this study is to assess the working posture of woven bamboo craftsmen. Methods: This research is descriptive research. The object under study was the 20 stages of production of woven bamboo handicraft products. The variables studied were work positions, including individual characteristics and musculoskeletal complaints. Data were collected through passive participant observation using observation sheets. Work position data analysis was carried out using the RULA assessment table. Results: Work postures at thirteen stages of work were at action level 2, three stages of work were at action level 3, and two stages of work were at action level 4. In general, the craftsmen complained of aches in the waist (28%), hand pain (19%), leg pain (16%), and back pain (12%). Conclusion: Priority control should carried out at the coloring and drying stages because they have an action level 4 that must implement the changes now.

Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Work Posture with Work Fatigue on Crane Operators Andhini Aurelia Putri; Maulid Diaturrochma; Andika Savira Putri; Endang Dwiyanti
The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: Work accidents can occur due to two factors, namely unsafe human behavior and unsafe environmental conditions. One of the unsafe human behavior is work fatigue. In addition, work fatigue can also reduce productivity so that it can have a bad impact on the company. This study aims to determine the strength of the relationship and the direction of the correlation between nutritional status and work postures with work fatigue on crane operators. Method: This research is included in the type of descriptive observational research with a cross-sectional approach. The sample of this study was taken using total sampling, namely all the population of 30 people. The independent variables in this study were nutritional status and body postures, while the dependent variable was work fatigue. The data were analyzed using the Spearman's correlation coefficient (Spearman rank's correlation coefficient) to see the value of the correlation coefficient. Results: The correlation coefficient between nutritional status and work fatigue was -0.169, which means there was a very weak relationship with a negative direction. Meanwhile, the strength of the relationship between work postures and work fatigue can be seen in the correlation coefficient of 0.671, which means there was a strong relationship with a positive direction. Conclusion: Workers with overweight and obese nutritional status wwere more relaxed at work and did not pursue daily targets so that the fatigue experienced was classified as moderate. In addition, poor work postures can cause severe work fatigue.

The Relationship of Knowledge and Attitudes with Behavior of Implementing Health Protocols in Garment Workers Intan Mega Pratiwi; Indriati Paskarini; Endang Dwiyanti; Shintia Yunita Arini; Heru Suswojo
The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: Informal workers in Garment Asia Raya of Banyuwangi continue their work activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. These informal workers in Garment Asia Raya Banyuwangi are, therefore, vulnerable to the transmission of COVID-19. The implementation of health protocols must be carried out to prevent and minimize the risk of COVID-19 transmission. However, the workers have not fully implemented health protocols. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of knowledge and attitudes with workers’ behavior in the implementation of health protocols. Methods: This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional research design. The research population was 50 informal workers in Garment Asia Raya Banyuwangi, using the total sampling technique. The variables studied were knowledge, attitudes and behavior in the implementation of health protocols. The data collection used a questionnaire sheet that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis technique used was descriptive analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Results: Most of the workers had a low category of knowledge. Most of the workers had a moderate attitude towards the implementation of health protocols. Moreover, most of the workers had poor behavior in implementing health protocols. The results showed a positive relationship with a weak correlation level between knowledge and attitudes with the behavior of implementing health protocols. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the higher the knowledge and attitudes of workers, the better the workers’ behavior in implementing health protocols.

Musculoskeletal Disorders and Ergonomic Factors among the Cabin Crews of the National Airline of Bangladesh Sk Akhtar Ahmad; Taslima Akhtar; Mahmud Hossain Faruquee; Saika Nizam; Rabeya Yasmin; Sarmin Sultana; Israt Jahan; Ali Kamal Mostofa Rubel; AKM Masum Ul Alam
The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: Cabin crews on aircraft are at risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders as a result of their workload and the nature of their profession. This study is an attempt to identify work-related musculoskeletal disorders suffered by cabin crews and the associated ergonomic factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among the cabin crews. The cabin crews, regardless of gender, who had worked at least one year, were selected by simple random sampling. A total of 246 cabin crews were the respondents in this study. A Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to assess the respondents' MSDs. To determine the predictors of MSDs, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: Out of 246 cabin crew, 55.3% were males, and the mean age was 39.83±9.289 years. The mean flight duration was 85 hours, and the maximum flying hours was 123. Of the total participating crews, more than half (55.7%) suffered from musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The common sites of MSDs were the low back, shoulder, neck, and knee joints. Poor ergonomic factors such the increasing age and flight duration were also contributing factors to MSDs. Conclusion: The study revealed that over half of the cabin crew suffered from work-related musculoskeletal disorders. A number of ergonomic factors, including age and flight duration, were found to be associated with MSDs.

Evaluation of the Exposure to Benzene and SpmA using the Urine of Workers in the Shoe Home Industry in Surabaya Rizaldy Fathur Rachman; Iin Zulaiha Tuasikal; Abdul Rohim Tualeka; Trias Mahmudiono; Suwardi Suwardi
The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health Vol. 11 No. 3 (2022): The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: Benzene is one of the pollutants in the shoe home industry that can cause cancer among the workers. The present research aimed to analyze the relationship between exposure to benzene and spmA (s-phenylmercapturic Acid) in the urine of shoe-making home industry workers in Surabaya. Methods: This was an observational study using an analytical research method where the total number of respondents in the sample was 10. The concentration of benzene was measured using Gas Chromatography-FID (Flame Ionization Detector). The data collection technique was descriptive analysis for each variable from among the worker’s characteristics. The analysis of the relationship between the level of spmA in their urine and the worker’s characteristics was performed using regression tests while the analysis of the relationship between the level of benzene in the air and the levels of workers’ spmA was performed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: The benzene I levels in the work environment were found to be between 0.06 ppm - 53.8 ppm. The average spmA was 6.68 μg/g creatinine. The p value of the relationship between the variable levels of benzene and the levels of spmA was 0.879 with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.056. Conclusion: The mean concentration of benzene in the air at the 6 point uptake was over the threshold. Based on the results of the spmA examination, the mean value of spmA was below the threshold value. The test results on the level of benzene in the air and the spmA indicate a very weak relationship.

Hazardous Area Classification Assessment at a Pharmaceutical Industry in East Jakarta Eky Susilowati; Fatma Lestari
The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health Vol. 12 No. 1SI (2023): Special Issue of The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health in
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: Fire is a common risk in any industrial facility that uses combustible and flammable raw materials, products, or supporting materials. Among others, the pharmaceutical industry is exposed to such risk due to the application of flammable liquids including ethanol as a volatile solvent in production areas, which has the potential to form explosive atmospheres through evaporation from pools created by accidental releases. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the hazardous area classification (HAC) in ethanol storage areas to facilitate the execution of risk mitigation efforts for reducing the role of ignition sources that cause fire and explosion. Methods: The HAC assessment was carried out in December 2021 - January 2022 using the quantitative method outlined in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard: IEC/EN 60079-10-1 for zone determination. During flash point analysis, the ASTM D-93 method was employed to define the class of ethanol as a flammable liquid. Results: The ethanol storage areas fell into the zone 2 category based on the secondary grade of release, as well as the areas' ventilation effectiveness with a medium dilution, and fair ventilation availability. The extent of zone 2 is up to 3 m from the release source. Conclusion: Ignition sources capable of leading to fire and explosion incidents in ethanol storage areas should be controlled.

Risk Perception and COVID-19 Transmission Experiences in Indonesia 2022 Sapto Budi Nugroho; Mila Tejamaya
The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health Vol. 12 No. 1SI (2023): Special Issue of The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health in
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has not officially ended, and due to the apparent underestimation of protective behavior, it is imperative to continuously promote public awareness and implement health protocols to control its spread. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the community's risk perception and experiences of COVID-19 transmission in Indonesia. Method: This study was conducted in 2022 using an online survey. The questionnaire was developed based on a standard questionnaire (ECOM, 2015) on the risk perception of an infectious disease outbreak. It was then distributed through various social media platforms, including WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram. Result: According to all ten risk perception distribution data, the majority of respondents considered COVID-19 a threat. This showed that most respondents had intense COVID-19 transmission directly or indirectly. This study also revealed that there were more female respondents than men. Conclusion: Individuals who had contracted COVID-19 might have different perceptions compared to those who had not been infected. Furthermore, experiences such as the COVID-19 transmission involving relatives and friends might also shape an individual's risk perception, particularly in implementing protective behavior, in this case, health protocol. Control measures based on gender should also be considered to ensure the effectiveness of the COVID-19 risk management.

Environmental Factors that are at Risk of Heat Stress Exposure to Fishermen in Indonesia Putri Ayuni Alayyannur; Doni Hikmat Ramdhan; Mila Tejamaya
The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health Vol. 12 No. 1SI (2023): Special Issue of The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health in
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: Workers face pressure that comes from the work environment, one of which is heat pressure. Exposure to heat, workload, rehydration, and rest period are several factors that can cause heat stress to workers. People who are uncovered to heat are much more likely to experience heat stress. Related to this, current research was carried out aiming to analyze environmental factors that are at risk of heat stress exposure to fishermen in Indonesia. Methods: This study was conducted through a cross sectional design in the coastal regions in Surabaya. Accidental sampling technique was applied, obtaining 42 respondents. In this case, the variables included are humidity, temperature, access to clean water, risk of heat stress, and dehydration, while the data analysis techniques used are the logistic regression and pearson correlation. Results: The results showed that the significant environmental factor is access to clean water, with a value of 0.009 so that the p-value is less than 0.05. Furthermore, the relationship between heat stress and dehydration is 27.1%. Conclusion: Therefore, this study concludes that only access to clean water is significantly related to the risk of heat stress. In addition, the relationship between heat stress and the incidence of dehydration is weak.

Indonesian Community Risk Perception of COVID-19 in 2022 Mila Tejamaya; Amelia Anggarawati Putri; Sapto Budi Nugroho; Ira Safhira
The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health Vol. 12 No. 1SI (2023): Special Issue of The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health in
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: In line with the increasing number of COVID-19 cases from July to early August 2022, this paper aimed to analyze the perception of COVID-19 among Indonesians. Methods: A cross-sectional online study on COVID-19 risk perception was conducted in the first week of July 2022. A questionnaire adapted from ECOM (Effective Communication in Outbreak Management for Europe) was distributed online through social media to obtain information about the respondents' knowledge, behavior, and risk perceptions on COVID-19. Results: There were 775 respondents. Most of them were female (61.3%), lived in the eight most targeted areas (84.1%), were unmarried (52.5%), held a bachelor's degree (38.5%), and were Muslims (80.8%). The percentages of respondents who had been infected with COVID-19 were (43.8%). Most participants believed that their knowledge level of the disease was average and above average (>91%). Of the respondents, 83.6% perceived the seriousness of COVID-19 as serious and very serious. However, the anxiety level among these respondents was moderate (slightly and quite anxious). This indicates that even though most respondents still see COVID-19 as a serious disease, their level of fear is decreasing. Compared to a previous study, most respondents in the current study were more confident of their ability to control the risks associated with the transmission of the virus. Nevertheless, they still believe that outdoor activity and not using a face mask can significantly increase the probability of getting infected. Conclusion: The risk perception of COVID-19 in Indonesian community among our study population was appropriate.

Biomonitoring of Nicotine Exposure in Tobacco Farmers with Green Tobacco Sickness Symptoms Yunita Fristiyanwati; Muhammad Ilyas
The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health Vol. 11 No. 3 (2022): The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: Indonesia is the fifth tobacco producing country in the world. The climate and weather in Indonesia are very suitable for tobacco plantations. At harvest season, tobacco farmers face the risk of being exposed to nicotine compounds due to skin contact with tobacco leaves. This exposure can cause a syndrome known as Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, weakness, dizziness, headache, insomnia and loss of appetite. These symptoms are not specific enough to describe GTS, so biological monitoring is required. As one of the main metabolites, cotinine has been used as a biological marker to assess nicotine exposure. This study aims to examine the reliability of nicotine biomonitoring in tobacco farmers with symptoms of GTS. Methods: We searched the online electronic databases, namely PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus for appropriate evidence based material. We then made adjustments using the inclusion and exclusion critertia to then conduct a critical review of the selected articles. Results: We obtained four articles, consisting of 3 articles examining urinary cotinine as a biomarker of nicotine exposure, and another 1 article examining cotinine saliva. The articles gave us the similar pattern that in tobacco farmers with GTS symptoms there was an increase in cotinine levels, both measured in urine and saliva. Conclusion: Based on the articles obtained, cotinine, as a nicotine metabolite, can be a reliable biomarker assessing nicotine exposure in tobacco farmers with GTS symptoms. However, more research is needed to compare the best selection of biological samples such as urine, blood or saliva.

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Journal Mail Official
ijosh@fkm.unair.ac.id

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Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Location
Kota surabaya,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA