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Kajian Risiko Pajanan Sinar Gama dan Radon pada Pekerja di Area Terowongan Eksplorasi Uranium Remaja, Kalimantan Barat Tajudin Noor; Mila Tejamaya; Miki Arian Saputra; Tri Purwanti
EKSPLORIUM Vol 41, No 2 (2020): November 2020
Publisher : Pusat Teknologi Bahan Galian Nuklir - BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2020.41.2.5882

Abstract

ABSTRAK Kajian risiko pajanan radiasi gama dan gas radon dilakukan di area terowongan eksplorasi uranium dalam upaya melindungi pekerja dari bahaya radiasi pengion di tempat kerja. Pengukuran pajanan sinar gama dan konsentrasi gas radon dilakukan di dalam terowongan eksplorasi uranium Remaja dan sekitar kamp pekerja di daerah Kalan, Kalimantan Barat. Pajanan sinar gama diukur menggunakan surveimeter gama, sementara pajanan radon (222Rn/220Rn) menggunakan detektor pasif RADUET. Konsentrasi gas radon dan toron di dalam terowongan secara umum cukup tinggi, berkisar antara 188,84 hingga 495,86 Bq/m3 (rata-rata 375,80 Bq/m3) sementara toron berkisar antara 58,07 hingga 340,73 Bq/m3 (rata-rata 189,80 Bq/m3). Nilai tersebut berada di atas reference level radon (300 Bq/m3) yang disaranakan oleh International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP). Dosis efektif tahunan sinar gama mencapai nilai 147,88 mSv di dalam terowongan eksplorasi. Nilai tersebut berada di atas nilai batas dosis untuk pekerja, yaitu 20 mSv. Pengendalian pajanan sangat penting dilakukan dengan memenuhi prinsip “as low as reasonably achievable” (ALARA) dan proteksi radiasi eksterna untuk melindungi pekerja di dalam terowongan dari masalah kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh pajanan dari sinar gama, radon, dan toron.ABSTRACT A risk assessment of gamma radiation and radon gas exposure is carried out in the uranium exploration tunnel area to protect workers from the ionizing radiation hazards in the workplace. Measurement of gamma-ray exposure and radon gas concentrations were carried out in Remaja uranium exploration tunnel and around the workers camp in Kalan Area, West Kalimantan. Gamma exposure was measured using a gamma survey meter while radon (222Rn/220Rn) using RADUET passive detector. The concentrations of radon and thoron gas inside the tunnel generally are high, ranging from 188.84 to 495.86 Bq/m3 (375.80 Bq/m3 average) and 58.07 to 340.73 Bq/m3 (189.80 Bq/m3 average) respectively. These values are above the radon reference level (300 Bq/m3)which is recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP). The annual gamma effective dose reaches 147.88mSv inside the tunnel. This value is exceeding the 20 mSv dose limit value for workers. It is necessary to control the exposure by fulfilled the principle of “as low as reasonably achievable” (ALARA) and external radiation protection to secure workers inside the tunnel from a health issue caused by gamma-ray, radon, and thoron exposures.
PENILAIAN RISIKO KESEHATAN DARI BAHAN KIMIA PADA PEKERJA BAGIAN PRODUKSI PERISA MAKANAN DI PT. X JAKARTA TIMUR TAHUN 2020 Polma Erik Astrada; Mila Tejamaya Mulyono
Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Health Vol 5, No 2 (2021): Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Health
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jihoh.v5i2.4718

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Produksi perisa makanan menggunakan beberapa bahan kimia yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan baik melalui pajanan terhadap sistem pernafasan ataupun dermal.  Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian risiko kesehatan dari bahan kimia menjelaskan bahwa bahan-bahan kimia tersebut memiliki risiko tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji risiko kesehatan terkait pajanan bahan baku perisa makanan di PT. X berdasarkan tingkat bahaya, pajanan, risiko kesehatan hingga pengendalian yang dilakukan. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan Chemical Health Risk Assessment dengan menilai risiko kesehatan terhadap bahan kimia berdasarkan karakteristik dari bahan kimia hingga besar pajanan yang diterima oleh pekerja sehingga dapat dinilai risikonya. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan melakukan studi pada karakteristik bahan kimia serta analisis data sekunder dari perencanaan produksi sehingga data besaran pajanan bersifat kualitatif. Proses pembuatan perisa makanan di PT X memiliki menggunakan sejumlah seratus tiga puluh bahan kimia yang digunakan untuk proses produksi bahan perisa makanan yang digunakan dari proses penimbangan dan persiapan bahan baku. Berdasarkan penelitian terhadap bahan kimia didapatkan hasil bahwa risiko pajanan melalui jalur inhalasi merupakan risiko sedang sedangkan risiko pajanan melalui jalur dermal merupakan risiko tinggi. Risiko korosi pada kulit dengan risiko tertinggi pada proses pengisian dan pengemasan. Pengamatan secara kuantitif dengan melakukan uji pajanan dari pekerja yang melakukan proses bahan kimia tersebut sehingga mendekati respon dosis yang diterima oleh pekerja perlu dipertimbangkan dalam penelitian selanjutnya.Kata Kunci: penilaian  risiko bahan kimia; risiko kesehatan; bahan kimia; inhalasi; peyerapan kulit
Analisis Risiko Kebakaran dan Ledakan Kegiatan Unloading Bahan Bakar Minyak di SPBU dengan menggunakan Dow's Fire & Explosion Index, ALOHA dan MARPLOT Budi Yulianto; Mila Tejamaya
Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 11 No 04 (2022): Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia Maju (STIKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33221/jikm.v11i04.2016

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Proses kegiatan pengiriman BBM ke SPBU dengan proses unloading memiliki potensi bahaya yang tinggi karena hubungannya dengan bahan bakar jenis bensin dan solar. Oleh karenanya perlu dilakukan analisis perhitungan level risiko dan permodelan skenario untuk menggambarkan dampak kebakaran dan ledakan, agar dampak yang ditimbulkan dapat diminimalkan dengan melakukan pengendalian dan pencegahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis risiko kebakaran dan ledakan kegiatan unloading bahan bakar minyak di SPBU dengan menggunakan Dow's Fire & Explosion Index, ALOHA dan MARPLOT. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode semi kuantitatif, dimana penilaian risiko dapat menggunakan metode kuantitatif, kualitatif dan semi kuantitatif. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah mobil tangki kapasitas 24.000 liter melakukan proses pembongkaran (unloading) BBM dengan produk yang diangkut jenis premium di 3 SPBU wilayah Jawa Bagian Barat yang pernah mengalami insiden kebakaran. Instrumen dan analisa risiko bahaya kebakaran dan ledakan menggunakan Dow’s Fire and Explosion Index. Dari hasil perhitungan Dow’s Fire and Explosion Index dengan menggunakan software ALOHA versi 5.4.7 dan MARPLOT dapat diketahui klasifikasi risiko dari kejadian kebakaran dan ledakan serta area dampak dari kejadian tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa Tingkat risiko kebakaran dan ledakan dari proses unloading bahan bakar minyak dari mobil tangki ke SPBU menurut klasifikasi tingkat risiko dengan nilai 122,56 berada pada kategori Intermediate.
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN FAKTOR INDIVIDU DENGAN PERSEPSI RISIKO KARYAWAN PT X TERHADAP COVID-19 DI PROYEK LINTAS REL TERPADU Fahzrin Perwita; Mila Tejamaya
PREPOTIF : JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/prepotif.v6i1.3710

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To April 2021, COVID-19 cases in Indonesia reaches 1.668.368 with the death cases are 45.334. The increasing death cases due to COVID-19 worldwide and the presence of 14 employess exposed to COVID-19 in the project area specifically encouraged this study. This study aims to observe the relationship between individual factors and the risk perception againts COVID-19 among the employess in LRT Project PT X during April-May 2021. The results revealed that based on the individual factors, the composition of the respondents are 83,3% of male, aged 20–30 years old (56,7%), hold a bachelor degree (58,3%), have not infected with COVID-19 (88,3%), and do not have a chronic disease (100%). Overall, the risk perception of the respondents is relatively high (51,7%; n=62), and as much as 48,3% (n=58) of respondents have low risk perception against COVID-19. The result of the risk perception analysis showed that the factor of age has a significant relationship with the level of risk perception, level of knowledge, potential impact, readiness and self-efficacy, fear, severity, and voluntary of risk. The factor of gender is significantly related to readiness and self-efficacy, novelty, and severity. The education level is known to have a significant relationship with the entire variabels of risk perception. However, the factor of COVID-19 infected history is significantly related to the knowledge level, control over risk, and novelty. The health status of the respondents has a constant value because no respondent has a chronic disease so its relationship to other variables cannot be statistically made.   Keywords         : Age, COVID-19, Individual Factors, LRT Project, Risk Perception
IMPLEMENTASI PENILAIAN RISIKO KESEHATAN TERKAIT PAJANAN BTX DI LABORATORIUM PENGUJIAN MIGAS PT. SCI Ryan Rachmawan; Mila Tejamaya
PREPOTIF : JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): Oktober 2021
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/prepotif.v5i2.1942

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Laboratorium merupakan tempat kerja untuk melakukan percobaan atau eksperimen uji dimana bekerja di tempat tersebut membutuhkan perilaku kehati-hatian dalam menggunakan peralatan dan bahan. Salah satu jenis bahan kimia yang terdapat di laboratorium adalah pelarut organik yang memiliki fungsi sebagai pelarut bahan kimia lainnya. Potensi risiko kanker payudara pada pekerja wanita di laboratorium pada studi kohort ini adalah paparan pelarut organik. Pelarut organik yang sering digunakan di laboratorium adalah benzene, toluene dan xylene (BTX). Dengan adanya pajanan bahan kimia BTX di tempat kerja dan risiko kesehatan yang ditimbulkan, maka perlu dilakukan penilaian tingkat risiko pajanan bahan kimia terhadap kesehatan pekerja di laboratorium melalui inhalasi secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode CHRA DOSH Malaysia tahun 2018. Penelitian dimulai dengan pengambilan sampel inhalasi dan udara di lingkungan kerja. Data hasil sampling diolah untuk mengetahui Tingkat Bahaya (Hazard Rating), Tingkat Pajanan (Exposure Rating), dan Tingkat Risiko (Risk Rating) secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Tingkat risiko pajanan melalui inhalasi secara kualitatif diperoleh nilai tingkat risiko pajanan (RR) benzene, toluene dan xylene secara bertutut-turut RR= 20, 12, dan 8. Tingkat risiko pajanan melalui inhalasi untuk benzene memiliki risiko tinggi sedangkan toluene dan xylene memiliki risiko moderat. Tingkat risiko pajanan melalui inhalasi secara kuantitatif dengan metode CHRA. nilai tingkat risiko pajanan (RR) benzene, toluene dan xylene secara kuantitatif secara berturut-turut adalah RR= 5, 3, dan 2. Berdasarkan metode kuantitatif, nilai tingkat risiko pajanan melalui inhalasi untuk benzene memiliki risiko moderat sedangkan toluene dan xylene memiliki risiko rendah terhadap pekerja di laboratorium pengujian migas PT SCI
DIRECT-READING METHODS DALAM ANALISIS PAJANAN NANOPARTIKEL PADA PERSONAL BREATHING ZONE (PBZ) DI INDONESIA : SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW Anita Maria Magdalena Silaban; Mila Tejamaya
PREPOTIF : JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): Oktober 2021
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/prepotif.v5i2.2001

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Measurement of nanoparticles in the personal breathing zone (PBZ) is an effort to assess the risk of nanoparticle exposure in the workplace. Can be done with Direct-Reading as a monitor effort. Indonesia, as one of the countries that also participates in the use of nanotechnology, requires a measurement method that is appropriate to its conditions. Methods: this systematic literature review examines direct-reading methods. Result: two types of instruments were found for direct reading. Results: by conducting an assessment in accordance with the conditions of the Indonesian state, this study recommends Condensation particle counter (CPC) as an instrument that can be used
ANALISIS PAJANAN BENZENA PADA PEKERJA KILANG PARAXYLENE DI PT X TAHUN 2022 Erica Simanjuntak; Mila Tejamaya
PREPOTIF : JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): AGUSTUS 2022
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/prepotif.v6i2.5182

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Benzene bersifat toksik dan karsinogenik ditemukan dalam proses operasional Kilang Paraxylene di PT. X. Kilang ini dibangun mengolah bahan Naphtha menjadi berbagai produk bahan bakar berdaya jual tinggi. Proses ini menjadikan para pekerja terpajan pada benzene sehingga perlu dilakukan analisa pajanan benzene terhadap pekerja melalui pemeriksaan konsentrasi benzene di lingkungan dan konsentrasi metabolit benzene pada urin melalui pemeriksaan SpMA. Metode desain penelitian adalah analisa kuantitatif dengan metode potong lintang dari data sekunder hasil pengukuran pajanan personal dan biomonitoring. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 64 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi pajanan personal benzene berada di bawah NAB (NAB Permenaker No 5/2018: 0,5 ppm), namun sebanyak 28 responden (43,75%) memiliki kadar SpMA Urin melebihi Indeks Pajanan Biologis (ACGIH 2020: 25 µg/g kreatinin) dengan median 20,34 µg/g kreatinin. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi pajanan personal benzene dengan kadar SpMA Urine dengan nilai p=0,287. Namun, dari uji statistic ditemukan adanya hubungan signifikan antara kadar SpMA dengan lama bekerja dengan nilai p=0,04. Pada beberapa area di Kilang Paraxylene terdapat konsentrasi benzene di udara yang tinggi namun konsentrasi benzene yang terpajan personal di dekat area pernafasan pekerja selama 1 shift kerjanya masih di bawah nilai ambang batas. Namun dengan adanya hubungan antara metabolit benzene di tubuh pekerja dengan faktor lama kerja menandakan bahwa dosis pajanan yang rendah namun diterima dalam jangka waktu yang lama menimbulkan resiko pada tubuh pekerja. Perusahaan perlu menerapkan pengendalian rotasi kerja yang lebih baik lagi
Environmental Factors that are at Risk of Heat Stress Exposure to Fishermen in Indonesia Putri Ayuni Alayyannur; Doni Hikmat Ramdhan; Mila Tejamaya
The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health Vol. 12 No. 1SI (2023): Special Issue of The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health in
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (381.977 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/ijosh.v12i1SI.2023.20-24

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Introduction: Workers face pressure that comes from the work environment, one of which is heat pressure. Exposure to heat, workload, rehydration, and rest period are several factors that can cause heat stress to workers. People who are uncovered to heat are much more likely to experience heat stress. Related to this, current research was carried out aiming to analyze environmental factors that are at risk of heat stress exposure to fishermen in Indonesia. Methods: This study was conducted through a cross sectional design in the coastal regions in Surabaya. Accidental sampling technique was applied, obtaining 42 respondents. In this case, the variables included are humidity, temperature, access to clean water, risk of heat stress, and dehydration, while the data analysis techniques used are the logistic regression and pearson correlation. Results: The results showed that the significant environmental factor is access to clean water, with a value of 0.009 so that the p-value is less than 0.05. Furthermore, the relationship between heat stress and dehydration is 27.1%. Conclusion: Therefore, this study concludes that only access to clean water is significantly related to the risk of heat stress. In addition, the relationship between heat stress and the incidence of dehydration is weak.
Indonesian Community Risk Perception of COVID-19 in 2022 Mila Tejamaya; Amelia Anggarawati Putri; Sapto Budi Nugroho; Ira Safhira
The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health Vol. 12 No. 1SI (2023): Special Issue of The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health in
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3025.454 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/ijosh.v12i1SI.2023.25-34

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Introduction: In line with the increasing number of COVID-19 cases from July to early August 2022, this paper aimed to analyze the perception of COVID-19 among Indonesians. Methods: A cross-sectional online study on COVID-19 risk perception was conducted in the first week of July 2022. A questionnaire adapted from ECOM (Effective Communication in Outbreak Management for Europe) was distributed online through social media to obtain information about the respondents' knowledge, behavior, and risk perceptions on COVID-19. Results: There were 775 respondents. Most of them were female (61.3%), lived in the eight most targeted areas (84.1%), were unmarried (52.5%), held a bachelor's degree (38.5%), and were Muslims (80.8%). The percentages of respondents who had been infected with COVID-19 were (43.8%). Most participants believed that their knowledge level of the disease was average and above average (>91%). Of the respondents, 83.6% perceived the seriousness of COVID-19 as serious and very serious. However, the anxiety level among these respondents was moderate (slightly and quite anxious). This indicates that even though most respondents still see COVID-19 as a serious disease, their level of fear is decreasing. Compared to a previous study, most respondents in the current study were more confident of their ability to control the risks associated with the transmission of the virus. Nevertheless, they still believe that outdoor activity and not using a face mask can significantly increase the probability of getting infected. Conclusion: The risk perception of COVID-19 in Indonesian community among our study population was appropriate.
Risk Perception and COVID-19 Transmission Experiences in Indonesia 2022 Sapto Budi Nugroho; Mila Tejamaya
The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health Vol. 12 No. 1SI (2023): Special Issue of The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health in
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (554.981 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/ijosh.v12i1SI.2023.12-19

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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has not officially ended, and due to the apparent underestimation of protective behavior, it is imperative to continuously promote public awareness and implement health protocols to control its spread. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the community's risk perception and experiences of COVID-19 transmission in Indonesia. Method: This study was conducted in 2022 using an online survey. The questionnaire was developed based on a standard questionnaire (ECOM, 2015) on the risk perception of an infectious disease outbreak. It was then distributed through various social media platforms, including WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram. Result: According to all ten risk perception distribution data, the majority of respondents considered COVID-19 a threat. This showed that most respondents had intense COVID-19 transmission directly or indirectly. This study also revealed that there were more female respondents than men. Conclusion: Individuals who had contracted COVID-19 might have different perceptions compared to those who had not been infected. Furthermore, experiences such as the COVID-19 transmission involving relatives and friends might also shape an individual's risk perception, particularly in implementing protective behavior, in this case, health protocol. Control measures based on gender should also be considered to ensure the effectiveness of the COVID-19 risk management.