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Politeknik Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
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Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin
Published by Politeknik Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 14116863     EISSN : 25407678     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Mechanical Engineering
Rekayasa Mesin(d/h MANDEGANI) diterbitkan sejak 1997, dengan frekuensi 3 kali setahun. Misi : media komunikasi bagi dosen, praktisi, dan ilmuwan tentang karya ilmiah (scientific article) hasil-hasil penelitian, survei, studi kasus dan telaah pustaka yang erat hubungannya dengan teknik mesin, meliputi topik/tema seperti perancangan mesin, instalasi, perawatan & perbaikan mesin, bahan konstruksi & komponen mesin, teknik pengerjaan logam, pembuatan komponen mesi n, pengujian bahan dan komponen mesin, teknik pengukuran & kontrol kualitas proses/produk industri manufaktur, manajemen & teknik produksi industri manufaktur, pembentukan dan pengembangan desain produk, aplikasi komputer dalam sistem kendali & operasi mesin, mesin-mesin kalor & fluida, sistem pembangkitan energi, mesin pendingin & pengkondisian udara, pembangkitan energi alternatif & terbarukan.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 495 Documents
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Enhancing Bed Alignment and Reducing Calibration Time in 3D Printers Using Auto Leveling with PI Control Wongsoatmojo, Andreanto; Pratama, Fransiskus Arjuna Davin; Ign. R. Haryosuprobo; Nugroho, Alexander Ariantono; Santoso, Bondan Wiratmoko Budi; Mardiatno
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): Volume 21, Nomor 1, April 2026
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department - Semarang State Polytechnic

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/jrm.v21i1.7027

Abstract

Manual bed leveling in fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printers is operator-dependent and often produces an uneven nozzle-bed gap, which reduces first-layer adhesion and dimensional repeatability. This study developed a retrofittable auto leveling system based on Proportional-Integral (PI) control for a Cartesian 3D Touch 3D printer at Politeknik ATMI Surakarta. The system combines a 3D Touch probe, three NEMA 17 motorized bed supports, one fixed-jaw reference, DRV8825 drivers, an Arduino Mega 2560, and a Raspberry Pi 4B to measure the bed at nine probing points and physically correct the bed height. Bed deviation was defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum measured height at the bed support reference points. Five Kp-Ki combinations were tested using a 0.05 mm tolerance. The best response was obtained at Kp = 1.0 and Ki = 0.03, completing calibration in 223 s with four iterations and a 0.016 mm deviation. Across five trials, auto leveling reduced the average calibration time from 594.4 s to 255.4 s (57.0%) and reduced the average bed deviation from 0.2228 mm to 0.0232 mm (89.6%) compared with manual leveling. ASTM D638 Type I print validation showed 90% successful squareness. The results demonstrate that PI-controlled physical bed alignment can improve calibration efficiency, repeatability, and first-layer reliability in low-cost FDM printers.
Characterization of the Material Produce by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing GTAW Material AISI 308L Sarwono, Edi; Ardiyansyah, Dito
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): Volume 21, Nomor 1, April 2026
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department - Semarang State Polytechnic

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/jrm.v21i1.7058

Abstract

This study examines the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of AISI 308L stainless steel produced by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) using the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process. Specimens were sectioned into bottom, middle, and top regions to assess the effects of thermal cycling on hardness and tensile properties. Distinct microstructural and mechanical variations were observed along the manufacturing height. The bottom region, subjected to repeated reheating, exhibits coarse columnar and dendritic grains with a high δ-ferrite content, resulting in the lowest tensile strength (540 MPa) and hardness (230-255 HV), but the highest ductility (45% elongation). The middle region, influenced by in-situ thermal treatment, develops finer equiaxed grains and reduces porosity, resulting in increased tensile strength (547 MPa) and hardness (230-255 HV) with moderate ductility (35-38%). The top region, characterized by rapid cooling, forms fine equiaxed grains with minimal δ-ferrite, resulting in the highest hardness (265 HV) and tensile strength (546 MPa), albeit with reduced ductility (28-30%). These results extend previous investigations by quantitatively explaining the trade-off between strength and toughness across the WAAM layer. These findings confirm that grain refinement increases hardness and strength through grain boundary strengthening, while coarser grains increase ductility. Overall, this study underscores the important role of thermal history in tailoring mechanical performance and challenges the oversimplified notion that finer grains are always advantageous.
Numerical Study of Savonius Wind Turbine Performance at Tidar University under Wind Speed and Direction Angle Using the CFD Method Ahmad Izzudin Robani; Dyah Fajarningrum, Nurmala; Mahendra Sulistiyo, Raka; Hilmy, Fuad; Agung Kurniawan, Andriyatna
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): Volume 21, Nomor 1, April 2026
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department - Semarang State Polytechnic

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/jrm.v21i1.7146

Abstract

The savonius wind turbine is a type of vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) that operates based on the drag force principle. Its simple design, featuring S-shaped blades arranged around a vertical shaft, enables the turbine to capture wind from any direction and operate effectively at low wind speeds, making it suitable for residential areas. This study investigates the performance of a three-bladed helical Savonius turbine with a 180° twist angle under variations in wind speed and wind direction. Numerical simulations were conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Wind speed data were obtained from rooftop measurements at the Faculty of Economics, Tidar University, recorded at 08:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, and 16:00, with average values of 1.9 m/s, 2.0 m/s, 2.2 m/s, 2.2 m/s, and 2.0 m/s, respectively. The analyzed wind direction angles were 15 , 25 , and 35 . Results show that a 15  wind direction produced the most stable and optimal performance, achieving a turbine power ( ) of 0.0356 W, a power coefficient (Cp) of 0.0931, and a TSR of 0.525. This occurred because the airflow aligned more effectively with the rotor, improving kinetic energy capture, reducing drag flow on the convex returning blade, and minimizing vortex formation and negative torque. Peak performance occurred at 12:00 and 14:00 when wind speeds exceeded 2.0 m/s. However, the power coefficient showed a decreasing trend due to the presence of adverse flow phenomena that reduce the amount of wind energy converted by the turbine.
Evaluation of Burst Pressure on API X52 Pipes: Validation of Predictive Models via Full-Scale Experimental Data Setiawan, Teddy; Suprayogi, Dedy Triawan; Wahyudi, Hadi
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): Volume 21, Nomor 1, April 2026
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department - Semarang State Polytechnic

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/jrm.v21i1.7209

Abstract

Ensuring the operational safety of steel pipelines depends heavily on understanding their failure points, or burst pressure. While various mathematical models are widely used in engineering practice, their accuracy for specific grades like API X52 often lacks robust field validation, as these models are essentially simplifications of complex real-world conditions. This study bridges this gap by evaluating the predictive accuracy of five major models-barlow, Von Mises, Zhu-Leis, API RP 1111 and DNV-OS-F101 against data obtained from a full-scale hydrostatic burst test. Using a pipe specimen with a 12 inch diameter and 11.13 mm wall thickness, the experimental result identified the actual burst pressure at 5,400 psi. comparative analysis revealed that the Barlow equation provided the highest accuracy with a relative error of only 4.12%, followed by the semi-empirical Zhu-Leis solution with a 6.97% deviation. Conversely, API RP 1111 method was found to be highly conservative by showing 17.24% deviation, which underscores its role as a safe design limit rather than a predictor of actual failure. These findings offer practitioners confidence that for thin-walled API X52 pipes with a diameter to thickness ratio of approximately 29, the Barlow model remains a practical and reliable reference for assessing pipeline integrity and estimating safe by operating limits.
Effects of Welding Current and Material Thickness on Hardness and Tensile Strength of SPCC Steel Welded Using the Metal Inert Gas (MIG) Process Sutrisno, Sutrisno; S, Yohanes Maria Astomo Dwi; Nugraha, Aditya; Hutama, Adhi Setya; Kristianto, Rudi; Andrian, Yohanes Oscar
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): Volume 21, Nomor 1, April 2026
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department - Semarang State Polytechnic

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/jrm.v21i1.7211

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of welding current and material thickness on the hardness and tensile strength of cold-rolled SPCC steel welded using the Metal Inert Gas (MIG) process. Welding current was varied at 80 A, 90 A, and 100 A, while material thicknesses of 0.9 mm, 1.4 mm, and 2.0 mm were used. Specimens were prepared according to the ASTM E8 standard for tensile testing. Hardness measurements were conducted in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and base metal using the Leeb hardness method, while tensile properties were evaluated through tensile testing. The results show that welding current and material thickness significantly affect the mechanical properties of the welded joints. The highest hardness value of 672 HLD was obtained at a welding current of 100 A with a plate thickness of 0.9 mm, whereas the lowest hardness value of 232 HLD occurred at 80 A with a thickness of 2.0 mm. The highest average tensile strength of 340.56 N/mm² was achieved at 90 A with a thickness of 1.4 mm. The results indicate that a moderate welding current provides optimal tensile performance, whereas higher current levels increase hardness due to greater heat input during the welding process. Therefore, appropriate parameter selection is essential to achieve optimal welding performance in thin SPCC steel plates.  
Analysis of Wear Resistance in Eco-Friendly Paving Blocks Utilizing Multilayer Aluminum–LDPE Plastic Waste Mulyaningsih, Nani; Hastuti, Sri; Izzul, Hanafi; Tri, Bagas
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): Volume 21, Nomor 1, April 2026
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department - Semarang State Polytechnic

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/jrm.v21i1.7354

Abstract

The growing demand for sustainable construction materials has encouraged research on the utilization of multilayer aluminum plastic waste and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste as substitution materials in the production of paving blocks. This study emphasizes abrasion resistance as a key indicator of paving block quality. The waste materials were processed through melting and subsequently blended with fine aggregates of sand and combustion ash in varying compositions. The abrasion resistance value obtained was 0.0771 mm/min, which corresponded to the Class B quality standard as specified in SNI 03-0691-1996. The results demonstrate that incorporating multilayer aluminum plastic and LDPE waste at a proportion of 65% enhances the abrasion resistance of paving blocks compared to conventional ones. This improvement is attributed to the plasticity of LDPE, which increases flexibility and reduces microcracking, as well as the contribution of aluminum layers that provide greater resistance to friction. Further analysis suggests that paving blocks incorporating multilayer aluminum plastic and LDPE waste are suitable for use in residential roads, village pathways, and office yards subject to moderate vehicle traffic. These findings support the notion that integrating multilayer aluminum plastic waste into construction materials not only improves the technical performance of the product but also offers a strategic solution to reduce the accumulation of non-biodegradable waste.
Optimisation of Preheating Temperature for Mechanical Performance of SMAW Welded ASTM A36 Steel Sumarji, Sumarji; Hariyanto, Agus; Wahyudianto, FX. Arif; Suprihanto, Agus
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): Volume 21, Nomor 1, April 2026
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department - Semarang State Polytechnic

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/jrm.v21i1.7356

Abstract

The Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process applied to ASTM A36 structural steel generates thermal cycles that influence the mechanical behaviour of welded joints. This study investigates the effect of preheating temperature on tensile properties and hardness distribution of SMAW-welded ASTM A36 steel plates with a thickness of 10 mm. Preheating temperatures of none, 150 °C, 250 °C, and 350 °C were applied prior to welding in the 1G position using AWS A5.1 E7016 and E7018 electrodes. Tensile testing was conducted according to ASTM E8, while Vickers hardness measurements were performed across the base metal (BM), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and weld metal (WM). The results show a consistent hardness distribution of WM > HAZ > BM for all preheating conditions, with average hardness values ranging from 190–210 HV in the WM, 179–186 HV in the HAZ, and 164–173 HV in the BM. The yield strength increased from 301.69 MPa (without preheating) to 315.68 MPa at 250 °C, followed by a decrease to 298.70 MPa at 350 °C, which is associated with microstructural softening. In contrast, the ultimate tensile strength remained relatively stable within the range of 443–446 MPa. Based on these results, preheating at 250 °C tends to provide a more homogeneous hardness distribution and higher yield strength, suggesting a more favourable thermal condition for improving the mechanical performance of SMAW-welded ASTM A36 steel. .
Thermodynamic Performance Study of Cascade Cooling Systems on Cruise Ships with Mixed Working Fluids and Operating Parameters Rayhan, Fajri Ashfi; Natasya, Deva
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): Volume 21, Nomor 1, April 2026
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department - Semarang State Polytechnic

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/jrm.v21i1.7412

Abstract

The cooling system is an important component on cruise ships to maintain engine operating temperatures and operational reliability. However, conventional cooling systems still have limitations in terms of energy efficiency and high thermodynamic losses. This study aims to analyze the performance of cascade cooling systems on cruise ships with variations in mixed working fluids, temperatures, pressures, and mass flow rates. The analysis was conducted using an energy and exergy approach to evaluate the Coefficient of Performance (COP), exergy efficiency, and exergy destruction. The study was conducted on a modified two-stage cascade cooling system. The working fluids analyzed include R22/R404A, R290/R404A, and R290/R600a. The results show that a decrease in mass flow rate in the high-temperature cycle increases the COP value, while an increase in temperature in Heat Exchanger Y increases exergy efficiency. The R22/R404A combination produced the highest exergy efficiency, while the hydrocarbon-based combination showed potential for COP improvement. This study demonstrates that optimizing operating parameters and selecting the appropriate working fluid can improve the energy efficiency of cascade refrigeration systems on cruise ships.
Limitations of Interlocking Features in Rotary Friction Welding (RFW) of 3D-printed PLA Al Fathurrahman, Fauzan; Santoso, Fathur Rahman Naufal; Erwin; Sugiyanto, Didik; Pratama, Juan
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): Volume 21, Nomor 1, April 2026
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department - Semarang State Polytechnic

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/jrm.v21i1.7419

Abstract

The limited build volume of fused deposition modeling (FDM) often necessitates the use of joining methods for larger components. However, the effectiveness of interlocking features in the RFW of 3D-printed polymers remains unclear. This study investigates the limitations of interlocking features in RFW of polylactic acid (PLA) by evaluating the effect of male-female geometry on the joint performance. The results show that all interlocked RFW joints exhibit significantly reduced tensile strength, reaching only approximately 30% of the control samples, accompanied by decreased ductility. Despite variations in the interlock geometry, no significant improvement in joint performance was observed. Failure analysis indicates that the excessive weld flash accumulation within the interlocking region generates internal pressure, which restricts material flow and promotes crack initiation. This leads to localized plastic deformation followed by brittle failure at the joint interface. These findings demonstrate that the interlocking geometry does not necessarily enhance joint quality in RFW of 3D-printed PLA and may introduce inherent limitations if not properly designed. This study highlights the critical role of material flow and geometric constraints in governing joint performance, emphasizing the need for optimized interlock design and process control in thermoplastic friction welding.
Design and Development of a Vertical-Shaft Organic Waste Chopper Machine with a Top-Mounted Agitator Susanto, Herry; Chan, Yefri; Pratama, Juan; Siregar, Rolan; Ferdiansyah, Rio; Mustofa, Hidayat; Mubarok, Muhammad Fauzan
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): Volume 21, Nomor 1, April 2026
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department - Semarang State Polytechnic

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32497/jrm.v21i1.7431

Abstract

Conventional organic waste chopping machines predominantly utilize horizontal shaft configurations, which are highly susceptible to asymmetric load distribution and present ergonomic challenges during maintenance. As an innovative solution, this study presents the conceptual design of a vertical-shaft chopping machine integrated with a hydraulic-actuated top-head system to enhance the efficiency of particle size reduction. The scope of this research is strictly confined to theoretical mathematical modeling and numerical simulations. The design process complies with the ASME B106.1M standard for transmission shafts and EN 13683 for operational safety parameters, excluding experimental fabrication. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on three primary materials—Mild Steel (MS), Stainless Steel 304 (SS 304), and Stainless Steel 316L (SS 316L)—under fluctuating waste loads ranging from 10 kg to 35 kg. The analytical results demonstrate several crucial findings: the minimum safe shaft diameter ranges from 16 mm (utilizing SS 316L at a 10 kg load) to 28 mm (utilizing MS and SS 304 at a 35 kg load). Furthermore, the agitator's power requirement exhibits a strictly linear increase corresponding to the applied load (from 1.34 kW to 4.68 kW), whereas the hydraulic system operates efficiently with a constant power profile of 0.25 kW. Overall, the vertical shaft configuration significantly promotes symmetrical force distribution, while the hydraulic system ensures safe and immediate access to the chopping chamber. The proposed design demonstrates substantial structural, operational, and ergonomic advantages, establishing a robust theoretical foundation for future development and experimental fabrication.

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