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Konversi
Published by Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
ISSN : 23023686     EISSN : 25413481     DOI : -
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Education
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Articles 263 Documents
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PYROLYSIS OF CASSAVA BAGASSE INTO BIO-OIL USING Ni/NZA CATALYSTS Jefriadi Jefriadi; Syaiful Bahri; Sunarno Sunarno; Rinny Jelita
Konversi Vol 8, No 2 (2019): Oktober 2019
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v8i2.7194

Abstract

Cassava bagasse is a solid tapioca industry waste that can be used as an energy source. In this study, cassava bagasse was pyrolyzed to produce bio-oil and studied the effect of Ni/NZA catalysts on yield, heating value and distribution of bio-oil products. The making of Ni/NZA catalyst starts with the process of activating natural zeolite to produce natural zeolite activated (NZA). Furthermore, impregnation of Ni metals in NZA with Ni levels 1, 2 and 3% w/w (Ni/NZA). The next step is calcination, oxidation and reduction. Cassava is peeled, shredded, washed, filtered and dried and then mashed and screened with a 60 and 80 mesh sieve to obtain cassava bagasse biomass with a size of -60+80 mesh. 50 grams of cassava bagasse with 500 ml silinap and 1.5 gram Ni/NZA catalyst are pyrolyzed at 320oC with nitrogen gas flow of 80 mL/min. Bio-oil products are analyzed by the heating value and distribution of the products. The yield of bio-oil obtained on pyrolysis using 0% Ni/NZA was 54.27% and pyrolysis using 2% Ni/NZA obtained the highest yield of 61.87%. The highest bio-oil heating value was obtained in pyrolysis using 0% Ni/NZA which is 46.78 MJ/kg and lower with increasing Ni levels in NZA. The results of GC-MS analysis of the bio-oil products showed that the use of 1% Ni/NZA catalyst significantly increased the percent area of several components i.e. 2,4,4-trimethy-l-1-Pentene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-Hexadiene, and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-Pentene and decreases the percent area of some other components i.e. 1-bromo-3-methyl-Cyclohexane, 2-methyl-1-Propene,tetramer, 1-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)-3-methyl-Cyclohexene and 3-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-Cyclohexanone.
KARAKTERISASI PEKTIN DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN LIMBAH KULIT PISANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE EKSTRAKSI Abubakar Tuhuloula; Lestari Budiyarti; Etha Nur Fitriana
Konversi Vol 2, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v2i1.123

Abstract

Pisang merupakan buah yang sering dikonsumsi oleh manusia, baik secara langsung setelah buahnya matang ataupun diolah menjadi makanan lain.  Di pulau Kalimantan, tanaman pisang banyak ditemukan di daerah Kalimantan Selatan. Kulit pisang biasanya hanya dibuang menjadi limbah, padahal di dalam pisang terdapat kandungan pektin sebanyak 22,4%. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi pektin dengan bahan dasar kulit pisang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis pisang yang banyak mengandung pektin,  pengaruh variasi waktu ekstraksi terhadap jumlah pektin yang dihasilkan serta jenis pelarut yang  menghasilkan pektin maksimum. Percobaan dilakukan memakai dua jenis pisang, yaitu pisang kepok dan pisang ambon yang dikeringkan dan diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut dengan suhu ekstraksi 80°C. Variasi waktu ekstraksi 1; 1,5 dan 2 jam, dengan pelarut HCl dan H2SO4 0,05 N. Hasil ekstraksi ditambahkan dengan etanol hingga terbentuk endapan, kemudian disaring dan di oven pada suhu 40oC selama 8 jam. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisa berat ekivalen, kadar metoksil, kadar galakturonat dan derajat esterifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi waktu dan jenis pelarut terbaik untuk menghasilkan kadar pektin yang banyak, baik untuk pisang ambon maupun pisang kepok adalah ekstraksi selama 2 jam menggunakan pelarut HCl dengan kadar sebesar 14,90% untuk pisang ambon dan 10,96% untuk pisang kepok. Pektin yang dihasilkan memiliki berat ekivalen 666,67–793,65;bermetoksil rendah, yaitu 3,53%-4,34% dengan kadar galakturonat 45,06%-48,05%,termasuk pektin ester rendah dengan derajat esterifikasi 43,61%-49,23% dan termasuk pektin ester tinggi dengan derajat esterifikasi sebesar 51,28%-52,09%. Keywords: kulit pisang, pektin, ekstraksi Banana is a fruit that is often consumed by humans, either directly after the fruit riped or processed into other foods. On the island of Borneo, banana plants are mostly found in South Kalimantan. Discarded banana peels usually only become a waste, but there is pectin content as much as 22.4% in the banana. In this research, the extraction of pectin with a banana peels ingredients that aims to determine the types of bananas that contain lots of pectin, the influence of variations time extraction in the amount of pectin produced and the type of solvent that produces maximum pectin. The experiments were conducted using two types of bananas, the banana peel of Ambons and Kepok dried and extracted using solvent extraction with a temperature of 80 ° C. Variation extraction time are 1; 1.5 and 2 hours, the solvent  are HCl and H2SO4 0.05 N. Extracted product added with ethanol to precipitate formed, then its filtered and dried in the oven at a temperature of 40 ° C for 8 hours. In this research, the product being analysis of equivalent weight, grade metocsil, galacturonate levels and the degree of esterification. The results showed that the combination of time and the type of solvent to generate a lot of pectin levels, both for banana Ambon and banana Kepok, was extracted for 2 hours using HCl solvent which is content of 14.90% for bananas Ambon and 10.96%  for bananas Kepok .The pectin that produced has an equivalent weight of 666.67 to 793.65; low metoksil grade of 3.53% -4.34%; with galacturonate levels about 45.06% -48.05%, including low ester pectin with a degree of esterification 43.61 % -49.23% and included a high ester pectin with a degree of esterification of 51.28% -52.09% Keywords: banana peel, pectin, ekstraction
PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN AKTIVASI SECARA FISIKA, KIMIA DAN FISIKA-KIMIA Yessy Meisrilestari; Rahmat Khomaini; Hesti Wijayanti
Konversi Vol 2, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v2i1.136

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik produk hasil pembuatan arang aktif dari cangkang kelapa sawit secara aktivasi fisika, kimia dan fisika-kimia dan mengetahui kemampuan adsorpsi arang aktif dari cangkang kelapa sawit dalam uji adsorpsi dengan asam asetat 0,5 N. Proses aktivasi dilakukan secara kimia, fisika, dan fisika-kimia. Pada aktivasi secara fisika dilakukan dengan pemanasan pada suhu tinggi menggunakan furnace yaitu pada suhu 750oC selama 3 jam. Pada aktivasi secara kimia menggunakan ZnCl2 sebagai aktifator dan direndam selama 24 jam. Aktivasi secara fisika-kimia merupakan penggabungan dari aktivasi fisika dan aktivasi kimia. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian untuk mengetahui karakteristik arang aktif dan uji kemampuan daya adsorben arang aktif terhadap asam asetat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian arang aktif yang dibuat dari cangkang kelapa sawit dengan proses aktivasi secara fisika-kimia mempunyai daya jerap yang paling baik di antara arang aktif lain yang diaktivasi dengan proses fisika dan kimia. Pada waktu penjerapan 4 jam, arang aktif berdiameter 355 µm dengan aktivasi fisika-kimia mampu menjerap sebanyak 34,4% bagian dari larutan asam asetat 0,5 N.Keywords: Arang aktif, asam asetat, aktivasi, adsorpsiThis study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of activated carbon from coconut palm shell and also the performance of activated carbon for adsorption 0.5 N acetic acid solution. Activated carbon obtained from coconut palm shell was activated by chemical, physical and combination of physical and chemical methods. Physical activation was performed by heating the carbon at 750oC for 3 hours while chemical activation process was exhibited by immersing the carbon in ZnCl2 solution for 24 hours. Furthermore, the combination of physical-chemical activation was gained by heating carbon at 750oC for 3 hours and then immersing in ZnCl2 solution for 24 hours.The adsorption performance of activated carbon was investigated by immersing activated carbon in 0.5 N acetic acid solution for specific time. The result showed that activated carbon which was obtained by combination of physical and chemical process was the best among the other methods that mentioned earlier. The highest adsorption capacity for 0.5 N acetic acid solution was achieved 34,4% for 4 hours by using355 µm of particle size..Keywords: activated carbon, acetic acid, activation,adsorption
PEMANFAATAN KULIT SINGKONG SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU ARANG AKTIF DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI NaOH DAN SUHU Ariyani Ariyani; Putri A. R.; Eka R. P.; Fathoni R.
Konversi Vol 6, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i1.2992

Abstract

Abstrak- Arang aktif dapat dibuat dari berbagai macam bahan baku salah satunya adalah kulit singkong karena kulit singkong memiliki kandungan karbon sebesar 59,31%. Salah satu pemanfaatan arang aktif adalah sebagai adsorben pada pemurnian air sungai. Arang aktif kulit singkong dibuat dengan proses karbonisasi pada suhu yaitu 300°C, 500°C, dan 700°C di dalam furnace. Arang aktif yang telah dikarbonisasi akan diaktifkan dengan variasi konsentrasi NaOH yaitu 0,1 N; 0,2 N; dan 0,3 N dengan waktu perendaman selama 24 jam. Kemudian dikontakkan dengan air sungai selama 30 menit dan dianalisa penyerapan logam Fe dan Mn pada air sungai. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil terbaik untuk penyerapan logam Fe yaitu pada suhu 700°C dan konsentrasi NaOH 0,3 N didapatkan konsentrasi penyerapan sebesar 0 mg/mL (tidak terdeteksi), sedangkan untuk logam Mn pada suhu 300°C dan konsentrasi NaOH 0,3 N didapatkan konsentrasi penyerapan sebesar 0,213 mg/mL. Kata kunci: arang aktif, kulit singkong, Fe, Mn                                                         Abstract- Active charcoal can be made from a variety of raw materials, one of which is the cassava skin because the skin has a carbon content of cassava 59,31%. One of the utilization of active charcoal is as adsorbents on purification of river water. Active charcoal cassava peels are made with the process of carbonization temperature 300ºC, 500ºC, and 700ºC in the furnace. Active charcoal that has been in the carbonization is enabeld NaOH concentrations variations 0,1 N; 0,2 N; and 0,3 N with a time of immersion for 24 hours. Then in contact with river water right for 30 minutes and analyzed metal absorption of Fe and Mn in the river water. This research it can be concluded that the best results for the absorption of metals Fe, namely at a temperature 700ºC and rhe concentration of NaOH 0,3 N obtained concentration absorption of 0 mg/mL (not detected), while for metal Mn at temperatures of 300ºC and the concentration of NaOH 0,3 N obtained concentration absorption of 0,213 mg/mL.   Keywords: active charcoal, cassava peels, Fe, Mn
HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIS SAMPAH BUAH-BUAHAN MENJADI GLUKOSA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIOETANOL Rima Nurul Hidayati; Parsiah Qudsi; Doni Rahmat Wicakso
Konversi Vol 5, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v5i1.4773

Abstract

Abstrak- Sampah buah-buahan merupakan bahan baku yang sangat berpotensi untuk produksi bioetanol karena mengandung gula dan pati. Ada tiga tahap dalam proses pembuatan bioetanol yaitu hidrolisis, fermentasi, dan pemurnian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses hidrolisis enzimatis dari sampah buah dalam rangka produksi bioetanol, mempelajari pengaruh suhu pada kinerja enzim alpha amilase terhadap kadar gula yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis enzimatis, dan mempelajari pengaruh penambahan enzim gluko amilase terhadap kadar gula yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis enzimatis. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap. Pertama, analisis bahan baku yaitu menghitung kadar airnya dengan memanaskan sampel menngunakan oven pada suhu 100°C selama 1 jam berulang-ulang sampai beratnya konstan kemudian menganalisis kadar pati yang terkandung dalam sampah buah-buahan dengan metode Luff Schoorl. Kedua, menghidrolisis 60 g sampah buah dan 1 mL enzim alpha amilase dalam 400 mL air selama 1 jam selanjutnya proses sacharifikasi pada suhu 55°C selama ½ jam. Ketiga, menganalisis kadar gula hasil hidrolisis dengan cara menitrasi terhadap fehling A dan B yang sudah distandarisasi sebelumnya sampai terbentuk endapan merah bata. Proses hidrolisis enzimatis pada sampah buah-buahan dilakukan dengan dua langkah yaitu proses gelatinasi dan proses sakarifikasi. Pada proses gelatinasi, enzim alpha amilase bekerja maksimal pada suhu 95°C. Hidrolisis enzimatis dari 60 g sampah buah-buahan, 400 mL aquadest, 1 mL alpha amilase pada suhu 95°C menghasilkan konsentrasi gula optimum dengan penambahan 6 mL gluko amilase pada suhu 55°C. Kata kunci: alpha amilase, gluko amilase, proses sakarifikasi. Abstract- Fruits garbage is very potential raw material to produce bioethanol because containing sugar and starch. There is three step in bioethanol making process,  first hydrolysis, then fermentation and the last purification. The research objective was to learn enzymatic hydrolysis process from fruits garbage in order to bioethanol production, learning the temperature influence to alpha amylase enzyme performance toward sugar rate yielded from enzymatic hydrolysis and learning influence gluco amylase enzyme addition toward sugar rate yielded from enzymatic hydrolysis. The research was run with some step. First, analysis the raw material that was calculating its water contents by heating the sample used oven at temperature 100oC during 1 hour, then repeating until weight constant, then analysing the strach rate which contain in fruits garbage by luff schoorl method. Second, hydrolysing 60 g of fruits garbage and 1 mL of alpha amylase enzyme in 400 mL aquadest during 1 hour, then sacharification process at temperatur 55oC during ½ hour. Third analysing sugar rate from hydrolysis yielded with titration method toward fehling A and B which has been standaritation, till formed a sorrel sediment. Enzymatic hydrolysis process from fruits garbage was run with two step, there is gelatination process and sacarification process.  In gelatination process, alpha amylase enzyme is work maximal at temperature 95oC. Enzymatic hydrolysis from 60 g of fruits garbage, 400 mL of aquadest, 1 mL of alpha amylase at temperature 95oC yielding optimum sugar rate by addition 6 mL of gluco amylase at temperature 55oC.  Keywords: alpha amylase, gluco amylase, sacharification process
PEMANFAATAN SERAT SELULOSA ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia Crassipes) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN KERTAS: ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI Iryanti Fatyasari Nata; Helda Niawati; Choir Muizliana
Konversi Vol 2, No 2 (2013): Oktober 2013
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v2i2.75

Abstract

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is an aquatic weeds and as water pollution which can be reduced by using its celloluse fiber as raw material for paper production. In this work, the cellulose fiber which produced from water hyacinth stems by chemical pulping method was isolated and characterized. The operating conditions for produced the highest yield of water hyacinth’s fiber by variation of NaOH concentration and cooking time were also investigated. Dry hyacinth stems on liquor/crop ratio was 7:1 (mL/g) and mixed with 1-5% (w/v) NaOH then degested in an autoclave (120 0C; 14,5 Psi) for 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min. The operating condition which highest yield production was mixed with newspapers fiber with ratio 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1. The NaClO 5.25% (v/v) was added into the mixture as bleaching agent, then pressed and dried as a paper. The highest water hyacinth  fiber yield was obtained about 32.31% (2.5%  w/v NaOH for 15 min). When mixed with newspaper fiber at loading ratio 2:1, the highest yield and density were obtained about 37.27% and 0.567 g/cm3, respectively. Base on observation by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the diameter of water hyacinth’s fiber is 80-166 nm and waste newspaper fiber is ± 56 μm. In addition, in the presence of newspaper fiber in the product was increased the characteristic peaks of paper around 5.66% (cellulose I) and 8.26% (cellulose II) base on X-Ray Difraction (XRD) result. Keywords: Eichhornia crassipes, chemical pulping, autoclave, kertas
PENGAMBILAN PEKTIN DARI ALBEDO SEMANGKA DENGAN PROSES EKSTRAKSI ASAM Melisa Triandini Maulani; Aslamiah Aslamiah; Doni Rahmat Wicakso
Konversi Vol 3, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v3i1.131

Abstract

Abstrak- Semangka adalah tanaman yang tahan terhadap iklim kering sehingga dapat tumbuh di daerah tropis dan setengah gurun. Albedo semangka merupakan sumber pektin yang potensial karena di dalamnya terkandung senyawa pektin. Untuk menguraikan pektin dalam albedo semangka dapat dilakukan dengan proses ekstraksi asam karena kemungkinan terjadi kerusakan pektin lebih sedikit, sedangkan untuk mengendapkan pektin digunakan alkohol. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi pektin dengan bahan dasar albedo semangka yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh variasi temperatur ekstraksi serta jenis pelarut terhadap kadar pektin yang dihasilkan albedo semangka dan mengetahui variasi temperatur ekstraksi serta jenis pelarut yang maksimum untuk menghasilkan pektin. Penelitian dilakukan dengan waktu ekstraksi 90 menit dan temperatur ekstraksi 60, 70, dan 80 °C serta pelarut HCl dan CH3COOH dengan pH 2,6 sebanyak 500 mL. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kondisi maksimum pengambilan pektin adalah dengan menggunakan pelarut HCl pada temperatur ekstraksi 80 °C dan kadar pektin yang dihasilkan sebesar 11,2635%. Pelarut HCl yang merupakan asam kuat lebih mudah melepaskan ikatan protopektin menjadi pektin sehingga kadar pektin yang dihasilkan memiliki kadar yang tinggi. Semakin tinggi temperatur operasi, kadar pektin yang didapatkan juga semakin besar sampai batas temperatur 80 °C. Hal ini menyebabkan gerakan molekul asam yang semakin cepat, sehingga kontak antara zat terlarut dalam sampel dengan pelarut semakin aktif dan diperoleh pektin yang lebih banyak. Kata kunci: semangka, pektin, ekstraksi. Abstract- Watermelon is a plant that is resistant to dry climate so it can be grown in tropical and semi-desert. Watermelon albedo is a potential source of pectin because it contains pectin compounds. To decompose the pectin in the watermelon albedo can be done by acid extraction process because it will lesser the possibility of damage pectin, whereas alcohol is use to precipitate pectin. In this research watermelon albedo as basic ingredients would be extracted to produce pectin to identified the differences in the influence of temperature variation and the type of solvent extraction of the pectin content of the albedo watermelon and determined variations in maximum temperature and type of solvent extraction to produce pectin. The study was conducted with a 90-minute extraction time and extraction temperature 60, 70, and 80 °C and 500 mL the solvent HCl and CH3COOH with 2.6 pH. The results were obtained taking the maximum conditions of pectin using solvent extraction HCl at a temperature of 80 °C and obtained pectin levels of 11.2635%. Solvent which is a strong acid HCl is easier to untie protopektin pectin so pectin levels has generated a high level. The higher the operating temperature, the bigger pectin levels that are obtained until the temperature limit of 80 °C. This caused by the movement of the H+ ions more reactive, the more contact between the substances dissolved in the sample with solvent and obtained more pectin. Keywords: watermelon, pectin, extraction
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BIOAKTIVATOR EM4 DAN PROMI DALAM PEMBUATAN PUPUK CAIR ORGANIK DARI SAMPAH ORGANIK RUMAH TANGGA Marlinda Marlinda
Konversi Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Oktober 2015
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v4i2.263

Abstract

Abstrak-Pemanfaatan  sampah organik rumah tangga tiap tahun meningkat karena berbagai permasalahan yang akan timbul seperti polusi udara, dapat menimbulkan dampak penyakit dan bahaya banjir. Sampah yang dapat dimanfaatkan adalah sampah organik berupa sisa sayuran, sisa buah-buahan, sisa daun kering, dan ranting pohon. Sampah organik rumah tangga ini  paling banyak digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari karena kebutuhan akan makanan sehingga kuantitasnya semakin banyak dihasilkan  dan akan menumpuk karena tanah tidak mampu mendegradasi dalam jumLah yang banyak, sehingga dapat merusak lingkungan berupa polusi udara (bau) dan serta dapat menyebabkan dampak penyakit. Seiring dengan dampak yang ditimbulkan maka sampah organik harus diolah dalam lingkungan rumah tangga terlebih dahulu dengan mengubahnya dalam bentuk yang lebih bermanfaat seperti pupuk cair organik. Pupuk cair lebih mudah diserap oleh tumbuhan dan dalam bentuk konsetrat sehingga lebih ekonomis karena dapat diencerkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memanfaatkan sampah organik rumah tangga  menjadi  pupuk cair dan melihat pengaruh dari bioaktivator EM4 dan Promi terhadap pembuatan pupuk cair dari  kandungan C organik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa bahan baku sampah sayuran berupa kangkung, sawi, bayam dan wortel serta daun kering sebanyak 300 g dibersihkan dan dipotong kecil-kecil kemudian dimasukkan di dalam komposter sebelum di fermentasi di basahkan atau dilembabkan dengan bioaktivator terlebih dahulu kemudian difermentasi selama 7 hari. Proses fermentasi dilakukan dengan variasi bioaktivator 2,5 mL, 5 mL, 7,5 mL, 10mL, dan 12,5 mL. Pupuk cair organik yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan EM4 dan Promi dapat digunakan sebagai bioaktivator dalam penggunaan pupuk akan tetapi bioaktivator EM4 memberikan kerja yang lebih efektif dalam mengdegradasi sampah organik sehingga menghasilkan kadar C organik sekitar 23% dibanding  bioaktivator Promi sekitar 18% dan begitu juga kandungan senyawa  lain untuk EM4 seperti kadar nitrogen 3,8%, kadar P2O5 3,0% kadar K2O 4,2% sedangkan Promi kadar Nitrogen 3,2%, kadar P2O5 2,5% dan K2O 3,0%. Dari hasil analisa terlihat bahwa bioaktivator EM 4 menghasilkan pupuk cair  dengan C organik yang tinggi di bandingkan dengan Promi. Standar pupuk cair disesuaikan dengan Permentan No 11/2011, tetapi kedua bioaktivator ini bisa digunakan untuk pembuatan pupuk cair organik. Kata Kunci : sampah organik, EM4, promi, fermentasi Abstract- Utilization of household organic waste each year is increasing due to various problems will arise such as air pollution, can have an impact of the disease and the danger of flooding. Waste that can be used are organic waste such as leftover vegetables, fruits, leftover dried leaves and twigs. Household organic waste is the most widely used in daily life because of the need for food so that the quantity is more and more produced and will accumulate because the ground is not capable of degrading in significant amounts, so as to damage the environment in the form of air pollution (odor) and can cause impact disease.Along with the impact of the organic waste to be treated in a household environment prior to turning it into more useful forms such as liquid organic fertilizer. Liquid fertilizers are more easily absorbed by plants and in the form konsetrat so it is more economical because it can be diluted. This research aims to use household organic waste into liquid fertilizer and see the impact of bio-activator EM4 and Promi to manufacture liquid fertilizer from organic C content. The method used in the form of waste materials vegetables such as kale, mustard greens, spinach and carrots as well as dried leaves 300 g cleaned and cut into small pieces and then put in the composter before fermentation in lightly mist or moistened with a bio-activator before hand and then fermented for 7 days , The fermentation process is done with a variety of bio-activator 2.5 mL, 5 mL, 7.5 mL, 10 mL, and 12.5 mL. Organic liquid fertilizer produced by using EM4 and Promi can be used as a bio-activator in fertilizer use but bio-activator EM4 provide more effective work in mengdegradasi organic waste to produce high levels of organic C approximately 23% compared to bio-activator Compromise approximately 18% and so is the content of other compounds EM4 such as nitrogen for 3.8%, 3.0% P2O5 content of K2O content of 4.2% and 3.2% Compromise Nitrogen levels, levels of 2.5% P2O5 and 3.0% K2O. From the analysis shows that the bio-activator EM 4 produces organic liquid fertilizer with a high C in comparison with the Compromise. Standard liquid fertilizer tailored to Permentan No.11/2011, but both bio-activator can be used to manufacture organic liquid fertilizer. Keywords: Organic Waste ,, EM4, Compromise, Fermentation
PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DARI SAMPAH ORGANIK RUMAH TANGGA DENGAN BIOAKTIVATOR EM4 (Effective Microorganisms) Thoyib Nur; Ahmad Rizali Noor; Muthia Elma
Konversi Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Oktober 2016
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v5i2.4766

Abstract

Abstrak- Pembuatan pupuk organik cair khususnya dari sampah organik rumah tangga dengan penambahan bioaktivator EM4 (Effective Microorganisms) bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh waktu pembuatan terhadap kandungan N, P, K, dan C dalam pupuk organik cair, serta menentukan pengaruh bioaktivator EM4 terhadap kandungan N, P, K, dan C dalam pupuk organik cair. Metode pembuatan pupuk organik cair ini yaitu sampah organik rumah tangga seperti sisa sayuran, kulit buah, dan lainnya dipisahkan dari sampah anorganik. Kemudian bioaktivator EM4 disiapkan didalam sprayer. Sampah organik dirajang dan dimasukkan ke dalam komposter, larutan bioaktivator EM4  kemudian disemprotkan ke dalam komposter secara merata. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan berdasarkan variasi waktu 11 hari, 14 hari dan 17 hari serta variasi penambahan jumlah bioaktivator sebanyak 5 mL, 10 mL, dan 15 mL. Parameter yang diuji adalah nitrogen (N), fosfor (P), kalium (K), dan karbon (C). Hasil peneltian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembuatan pupuk organik cair dengan variasi waktu dan variasi penambahan volume EM4  efektif dalam meningkatkan kadar N, P, dan C. Di mana nilai kandungan N, P terbesar masing-masing pada hari ke 17 sebesar 0,205 %, dan 0,0074 %, sedangkan kadar C terbesar pada hari ke 14 sebesar 0,336 % . Sedangkan pada penambahan volume EM4 kandungan N, P, C terbesarnya  terdapat pada penambahan volume EM4 sebesar 15 mL masing-masing senilai 0,191 %, 0,128 % dan 0,382 %. Semakin lama proses pengomposan dan semakin besar penambahan volume EM4 cenderung menurunkan kadar K. Kata kunci:  pupuk organik cair, effective microrganisms, komposter. Abstract- Manufacture of liquid organic fertilizer especially from organic garbage of household with addition of Bioactivator EM4 (Effective Microorganisms) aims to determine the influence of duration of the process of making a liquid organic fertilizer to the content of N, P, K, and C in a liquid organic fertilizer, and determine the influence of the addition of bioactivator EM4 in the process of making a liquid organic fertilizer to the content of N, P, K, and C in a liquid organic fertilizer. The organic garbage of household is separated from inorganic garbage. Then prepared  bioaktivator EM4 in  sprayer. Organic garbage is cutted entered into composter, then biocktivator sollution sprayed into composter. Intake of sample done pursuant to time variable 11, 14 and 17 days and also variation of addition of amount of bioactivator counted 5 mL, 10 mL, and 15 mL. Parameter which in test are nitrogen (N), phospor (P), kalium (K), and carbon (C). The results indicate that the process of making a liquid organic fertilizer with time variation and addition variation of EM4 effective in increasing the content of N, P, and C. Where the largest value of the content of N, P on day 17th of 0.205% and 0.0074% respectively, while the largest content of C at day 14th of 0.336%. While the addition of volume EM4, the largest content of N, P, C is on addition of volume EM4 of 15 mL at 0.191%, 0.128% and 0.382% respectively. The longer process of composting and the greater addition of volume EM4 tends to reduce the content of K. Keywords: liquid organic fertilizer, effective microrganisms, composter.
MODEL ADSORPSI TIMBAL (Pb) DAN SENG (Zn) DALAM SISTEM AIR-SEDIMEN DI WADUK RIAM KANAN KALIMANTAN SELATAN Chatimatun Nisa; Utami Irawati; Sunardi Sunardi
Konversi Vol 2, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v2i1.118

Abstract

Logam berat merupakan unsur yang seringkali menjadi polutan utama dalam pencemaran air dan dapat membahayakan kehidupan organisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi pola perpindahan ion logam Pb dan Zn dari badan air ke sedimen berdasarkan fenomena adsorpsi isoterm di waduk Riam Kanan Kecamatan Aranio Kabupaten Banjar. Selain itu , penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi terhadap rona awal waduk Riam Kanan, dinamika, dan keadaan ion logam Pb dan Zn di sepanjang waduk Riam Kanan dari hulu hingga hilir. Metode yang digunakan adalah Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) dengan menggunakan instrumen Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (AAS). Hasil analisis laboratorium diperoleh rata-rata kandungan Pb di air sebesar 0,0494 ppm – 0,2582 ppm, Zn sebesar 0,0002 ppm – 0,0370 ppm, sedangkan sedimen Pb sebesar 6,8311 mg/kg – 21,1756 mg/kg dan Zn 3,3778 mg/kg – 28,3522 mg/kg. Berdasarkan data percobaan ternyata perpindahan ion logam Pb dan Zn ke sedimen akan mengikuti model adsorpsi Langmuir dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,8167 dan 0,8801. Keywords: Model adsorpsi, logam berat (Pb dan Zn), air, sedimenHeavy metals are often considered as main contaminant in water pollution and its highly dangerous for  living organisms in the contaminated area. The aim of this research  is to predict the movement pattern of Pb and Zn metal ions from water onto sediment in the Riam Kanan Reservoir, Aranio Sub-district, Banjar District. In addition, this study is expected to give information on the initial condition of Riam Kanan reservoir; dynamics; and the fate of Pb and Zn ions from upstream to downstream. The samples were analysed using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Result of laboratory analysis showed that in the water, contents of metal Pb were 0.0494 ppm – 0.2582 ppm, Zn 0.0002 ppm – 0.0370 ppm. In the sediment, contents of Pb were 0.8311 mg/kg – 21.1756 mg/kg and Zn 3.3778 mg/kg – 28.3522 mg/kg. Based on the experimental data, it was found that the displacement of Pb and Zn onto sediment complies with Langmuir adsorption model where the  determination coefficient (R2) were 0.8167 and 0.8801 respectively. Keywords: Adsorption model, heavy metal (Pb and Zn), water, sediment  

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