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BERITA BIOLOGI

berita_biologi
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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

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Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Articles 2,125 Documents

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SEBUAH TINJAUAN TENTANG PARASIT TALI PUTRI (Cuscuta spp.) DAN PENGENDALIANNYA Sunaryo, Sunaryo
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 6 (2003)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Cuscuta species are parasitic seed plants with twining stems, that coil and fasten to host plants with attachments called haustoria.The Cuscuta stem forms the haustorial coil around the host.Several species of Cuscuta are troublesome parasites on numerous dicotyledonous plants and make eradication and control most difficult. Overall control of Cuscuta is based on mechanical, cultural,chemical and biological methods. Resistant varieties of susceptible crops and biological control are presently of limited importance.Chlorpropham, DCPA, Dichlobenil, and CDEC are soil-applied herbicides that have been used to control Cuscuta in various crops for many years. Nevertheless, integrated control of Cuscula is still considered to be more important.

POTENSI SERAPAN CO2 PADA BEBERAPA JENIS KANTONG SEMAR (Nepenthes spp.) DATARAN RENDAH [Potency of CO2 Absorption of Lowland Pitcher Plants (Nepenthes spp.)] Mansur, Muhammad
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 16, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Pitcher plants (Nepenthes spp.) that known as âCarnivorous plantsâ, has a role in CO2 absorption. However, how much contribution to the CO2 absorption has not been studied. This study was aimed to provide information on CO2 absorption of some Nepenthes species particularly lowland species. This study was conducted at Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Â Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong-West Java in June 2014 . A portable LCi ADC Bioscientific Ltd. Photosynthesis System was used to measure the absorption of CO2 directly. Measurement was conducted on 45 individuals of 15 species of Nepenthes with three replications for each species. The results showed that there was a variation of CO2 absorption rate on the lowland Nepenthes species, which was between 3.74 to 12.15 Âµmol m-2 s-1. The highest CO2 absorption was N. mirabilis (12.15 Âµmol m-2 s-1), followed by N. gracilis (9.71 Âµmol m-2s-1) and N. reinwardtiana (9.30 Âµmol m-2 s-1). While the lowest CO2 absorption occured in N. ampullaria (3.74 Âµmol m-2 s-1), N. hispida (3.75 Âµmol m -2 s-1) and N. bicalcarata (4.53 Âµmol m-2 s-1). Mature leaves of each species were recorded to have a highest CO2 absorption, transpiration and chlorophyll content than those of the young leaves. Â Â

REGENERASIPROTOPLAS TANAMAN TERUNG DAN KETAHANAN REGENERAN TERHADAPPENYAKIT BAKTERILAYU Husni, Ali
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 7, No 6 (2005)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Protoplasts regeneration was studied on 3 cultivars of eggplant (pupel, green, ang white fruits) and the regenerant were tested for their resistance to bacterial wilt. The researh was conducted in different steps, including protoplast isolation, protoplast purification, protoplast culture, cell suspention dilution, shoot regeneration, plantlet aclimatization, and testing for the resistant to bacterial wilt. Observations were made for protoplast number of each cultivar, protoplast cell wal formation, cell division, number of cell colony, microcalli, and shoot, percent of plantlet survival, in acclimatization, and the resistance of regenerants to bacterial wilt. Data was analized by calculating the average, percentage, and standart deviation. Results show that the combination of 0.5% cellulase Onozuka RS, 0.5% macerozyme R-10, 0.05% MES, and 9,1% mannitol in CPW solution was able to isolateds alot of sprotoplast (10 ) in each cultivars. The first culture incubation with out lighty in both (KM8P and VKM) media and reach which 0,2 mg/1 2,4-D, 0,5 mg/1 zeathin, 1 mg/1 IAA, promoted the formation of cell wall and cell division developed to microcalli. Regeneration media of MS, applied with vitamin MW, 0,1 mg/1 NAA, and 2 mg/1 zeathine produced 13 shoots.. From 21 regenerants acclimatized only 15 regenerants survive. There were differences among the regenerants in their resistance to bacterial wilt,3 regenerants resistant, 2 regenerant recovery (tolerant) and 10 regenerants were susceptibel.

PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.; Euphorbiaceae) PADA TIGA TINGKAT POPULASI TANAMAN DI LAHAN KERING BERPASIR [Growth and production of physic nut (Jatropa curcas L.; Euphorbiaceae) on three population levels in the sandy upland areas] Mulyaningsih, Sri; Djumali, Djumali
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 14, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v14i3.1830

Seed production of Jatropha grown on dry land is very low. Productivity could be increased by increasing plant population size. This study aimed to obtain a plant population that was capable of supporting optimum growth and seed production on sandy upland. This research was conducted at the Asembagus Experimental Station, Situbondo, East Java from January to December 2012. The planting material used were seeds and cuttings. Three populations levels: (1) 2,500 plants ha-1 (2 m x 2 m), (2) 5,000 plants ha-1 (2 m x 1 m), and (3) 10,000 plants ha-1 (1 m x 1 m ) were arranged in a randomized block design with 5 replications. Destructive observations were made in each month to measure the dry weight of plants, shoot, root, leaf, and leaf area index.The production component were observed at harvesting time by measuring dry weight of fruit, fruit skin, seeds, 1000 fruits, and 1000 seeds. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and LSD test of 5%. Results showed that the use of 10,000 plants ha-1 could increased dry weight of plants, shoots and roots by134.0-544.6%,125.9-549.4% and 167.8-693.3% respectively. They could also increased seed production by 77.5-178.2%.

ANALISA KESTABILAN GENETIK PISANG KEPOK âUNTI SAYANGâ HASIL MIKROPROGASI DENGAN MARKA RAPD DAN ISSR [Genetic Stability Analyses of Micropropagated Pisang Kepok âUnti Sayangâ by RAPD and ISSR Markers] Poerba, Yuyu Suryasari; Imelda, Maria; Martanti, Diyah
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 11, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers were used to evaluate the genetic stability of micropropagated plants of âPisang Kepok Unti Sayangâ at various stage of in vitro sub-cultures and in vivo plant material.All RAPD and ISSR profiles from micropropagated plants were monomorphic and similar to those of field grown control plants until stage tenth of sub cultures (V1S10). No variation was detected within the micropropagated plants, except for C12 (V1S44),G7 (V1S48 ), I11 and I12 (V1S10).RAPD and ISSR marker were both could be used to test the genetic stability of micropropagated bananas using the developed protocol.

KERAGAMAN BAKTERI PENGHASIL ENZIM PENGHIDROLISIS NITRIL DI PULAU ENGGANO BENGKULU [Diversity of Nitrilase Producing Bacteria in Enggano Island, Bengkulu] Riffiani, Rini; Sulistinah, Nunik
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 16, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Potential nitrile degrading microbes have been isolated from marine sponge, marine water and soil in Enggano Island. Nitrilase enzyme has a function in degrading nitrile compund. Nitrilases are important industrial enzymes because of their ability to produce biologically active to degrade enantiomers, such as S-(+)-1-(4â-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid (S-(+)-ibuprofen) and R-(-) mandelic acid. Mandelic acids, which are important as pharmaceutical intermediates, can be produced in enantiomerically pure form by the hydrolysis of their corresponding nitrile. The aim of the study was to explore the diversity of nitrile degrading bacteria in Enggano Island, and their ability to utilize nitrile as a substrate growth. Screening of such microbes were carried out by using microtitter plate method based on growth ability tested by INT (Iodonitrotetrazoliumchloride). Degradation product was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Seventy nine bacteria were able to grow on acetamide, acetonitrile, benzonitrile, adiponitrile, mandelonitrile, succinonitrile, lactonitrile, dan benzilcyanide as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Two isolates, YIM 56238 and PO69, have shown to enantioselectively hydrolyze racemic mandelonitrile to mandelic acid. Based on 16S rRNA gene identification, these bacteria have the highest sequence similarity to Microccous endophyticus strain YIM 56238 and Rhodococcus pyridinivorans strain PO69.

PENAMPILAN GENOTIPE SOM JAWA {Talinumpaniculatum Jacq. (Gaertn.)} PADA GERERASI M2 Poerba, Yuyu Suryasari
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 7, No 3 (2004)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Javasom [Talinum paniculatum Jacq. (Gaertn.] is one of popular vegetable plants with potential medicinal properties.The plant root is often used as a substitute for ginseng (Panax ginseng L.), and the leaves are used as a vegetable and as a substitute for purslane (Portulaca olaraeae L.).An effort to improve genetic quality of the plant was made through induced mutation with ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS).A variety of EMS dosages (0, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%, 1.5% and 1.8%) were applied to javasom seeds to induce mutation for 24 hours at room temperature. A population of the first and second generation after mutagen treatment (M, and M2,respectively) was established and observed at vegetative and generative stages. At M, generation, plant growth was suppressed and plant yield was decreased.Chimeras and chlorophyll mutation were observed in every EMS-treatment level, which was indicated that mutation was induced in the plant. Lethal-dosage (LD-50) of EMS was at 1.2%-1.5%. M, population were recovered and showed variation in all parameters observed. High genetic variation coefficients were found in most of plant characters observed.All parameters have a medium to high heritability, which indicated that all parameter observed were relatively easily inherited.However, all genotypes are subjected to be evaluated in the next generation in their performance stability.

INFEKSI Salmonella enteritidis PADA TELUR AYAM DAN MANUSIA SERTA RESISTENSINYA TERHADAP ANTIMIKROBA Kusumaningsih, Anni; Sudarwanto, M
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 10, No 6 (2011)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Salmonella enteritidis is one of pathogenic bacteria in chicken and human with re-emerging foodbome pathogen. Uncontrol use of antimicrobial drugs for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in chicken and human may lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Sampels of chicken eggs were collected from markets, layer farms, and grant parent stock farms. Sampels from human were anal swabs collected from hospitals and a laboratory of microbiology. Identification of bacteria was conducted by isolation and biotyping using selected media for Salmonella, while serotyping S. enteritidis was conducted with spesific 0 somatic (1, 9, and 12) and H flageIJa (m) antigen.Antimicrobial resistance tests were conducted by the standard diffusion method using antimicrobial disks.The results of isolation and identification of Salmonella show that 9 out of 122 (7.4%) sampels of layer eggs and 7 out of 23 (30.4%) sampels of embrioneted eggs were positive with Salmonella spp. The results of serotyping against S. enteritidis show that 7 out of 9 (77.0%) from layer eggs and 7 out of 7 (100.0%) from embrioneted eggs were positive with S. enteritidis.From the IS anal swabs of human were obtained 14 (93,3%) contain S. enteritidis.The antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. enteritidis isolated from layer eggs show high resistances to streptomycin (42.9%), neomycin (85.7%), doxicycline (64.3%), and ciprofloxacin (57,1%), whereas those S. enteritidis isolated from human show high resistances to streptomycin (50.0%), neomicyn (85.7%), tetracycline (42.9%), and doxicycline (42.9%).Multiple resistance profiles of S. enteritidis isolated from eggs were mostly to 2-3 antibiotics and those of S. enteritidis isolated from human were mostly to more than 5 antibiotics.

SKRINING DAN ISOLASI METABOLIT AKTIF ANTIBAKTERI KULTUR JAMUR ENDOFIT DARI TUMBUHAN Albertisia papuana Becc. [Screening and Isolation of Antibacterial Active Metabolite from the Culture of Endophytic Fungi from Albertisia papuana Becc.] Fathoni, Ahmad; Ilyas, Muhammad; Cahyana, Antonius Herry; Agusta, Andria
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 12, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Totally 15 isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained from leaves and young stems of a medicinal plant Albertisia papuana Becc.(Menispermaceae). The antibacterial screening of the ethyl acetate extract derived from the fungi cultures in potato dextrose broth (PDB)were performed on a non eluted Thin Layer Chromatography Bioautography assay (TLC bioautography assay). From the screening test, itwas found that the ethyl acetate extract of the fungus Xylaria sp. DAP-KRI-5 culture showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The isolation of active metabolite based on the bioautography guided assay from ethyl acetate extract of the Xylaria sp. DAP-KRI-5, led us to identify phloroglucinol as a main antibacterial compound. The chemical structure of phloroglucinol was deduced from it spectral data, including UV-Vis, 1H and 13C-NMR, GC-MS and published data elsewhere.

REGENERASI TANAMAN KERKLILY {Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) MELALUI EMBRIOGENESIS SOMATIK PADA EKSPLAN DAUN Priyono, Priyono
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 5, No 4 (2001)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

The effects of plant growth regulators on somatic embryo genesis in Lilium longiflorum Thunb.leaf cultures were studied.The aim of the research is to study the regeneration ofi. longiflorum via somatic embryogenesis of leaf explant.IAAat5 level of concentrations (0-1 mg/1) combined with BAP at 4 level of concentrations (0-2 mg/1) were tested to induction of somatic embryogenesis in the first stage. Combination of two cytokinins, namely BAP and kinetin, combined with either of four auxins, namely IAA, IBA, NAA or 2,4D were tested to induce the somatic embryo genesis in the second stage. Combination of two concentrations of ABA, namely 0 and 1 mg/1 combined with 5 level concentrations of GA3, namely 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg/1 were tested to improve the somatic embryos maturation.The results showed that somatic embryos were promoted by addition of IAA and BAP. The study of auxin and cytokinin combinations on somatic embryogenesis showed that somatic embryogenesis of kerk lily induced by addition of auxin and cytokinin in the culture medium.The maximum somatic embryo induction was obtained on medium contained of 0.25 mg/1 IAA combined with 1 mg/1 kinetin. Somatic embryos maturation were improved by transferring the somatic embryo from induction medium to maturation medium that contained 0.5 mg/I GA3 +1 mg/1 ABA.

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