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E-Journal Of Cultural Studies

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Published by Universitas Udayana

ISSN : 23382449 EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Humanities, Art,

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Cultural studies constitutes an interdisciplinary area critically discussing socio-political contexts of various cultural practices in society. Its focus is on the relation among such cultural practices and the power controlling them. Cultural studies was pioneered by the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) of the University of Birmingham, England, in 1960s. Unlike what has been a tradition in the modern epistemology, cultural studies is concerned with what human emancipation aims at. Therefore, cultural studies does not only refer to a theoretical-conceptual matter but also to the location and critical action in which it manifests itself.

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Articles 271 Documents

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TRANSFORMATION OF LULO DANCE PERFORMED BY TOLAKI PEOPLE IN KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI Alim, Abdul; Suastika, I Made
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Volume 10, Number 3, August 2017
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

This present study analyzes the transformation of lulo dance performed by Tolaki people in Konawe Regency, South East Sulawesi. From the perspective of cultural studies, the study analyses an empirical field reality related to the matter pertaining to transformation. The local culture which is transformed into the global culture has caused the lulo dance to change with its new form and meanings. There is one problem which needs to be analyzed in the present study. The problem is formulated in the form of a question, namely what ideologies which have inspired the transformation of the lulo dance performed by Tolaki people in Konawe Regency, South East Sulawesi. The study used the qualitative method and is intended to analyze the transformation of the lulo dance performed by Tolaki people using the critical, interdisciplinary and multidimensional approach of cultural studies. The data were obtained through library research, documentary study, observation, and interview. After being verified, the data were analyzed using several relevant theories; they are the theory of deconstruction, the hermeneutic theory, the theory of discourse of knowledge, and the theory of semiotics. The result of the study shows that the transformation of the lulo dance performed by Tolaki people in Konawe Regency cannot be separated from the ideologies which have inspired it. They include the religiosity ideology, the educational ideology, and the economic ideology. The contact between the global culture and local culture has caused the lulo dance to transform. The global culture indicates that a new era has come; it cannot be stemmed and avoided, meaning that many aspects in the people’s social and cultural life have transformed or changed.

IMPLEMENTATION OF HINDU RELIGION EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL STUDIES Tanu, I Ketut; Suastika, I Made; Parimartha, I Gde; Subagia, I Wayan
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Vol. 3, No. 2 Juli 2009
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Religious education was firstly implemented based on the Act of Number 4 year1950, concerning education and teaching. In one of its articles, it is stated that Indonesia is areligion-based country. The govern ment has the right and is obliged to arrange religiouseducation starting from Kindergarten to University and the time allocated for this is 2 (two)hours per week. However, an imbalance has occurred as far as Hindu Religion education isconcerned, that is, the students at particular educational institutions are not provided withHindu Religion education as intended by the Act.In Article 30 of the Act of Number 20 year 2003 concerning national educationsystem, on the other hand, it is stated that: any religious education can be carried out by thegovernment and or a community’s group belonging to a particular religion in accordancewith the applicable regulations. It is also stated that religious education is functioned toprepare the students to be able to comprehend and apply their religious teaching values and orto be experts in religions. In addition, it is also stated that religious education can be formallyand informally conducted in the forms of diniyah, pesantren, pesraman, phabaja, smnera,and the like.How Hindu Religion educa tion is implemented at Elementary School Number 17Dauh Puri and Dwijendra Elementary School Depasar cannot be separated from theinfrastructure, facilities, curri culum and teachers available, and the government’s policy.Therefore, this study is focused on 1) the existence of the components needed forimplementing Hindu Religion education, 2) the factors influencing the implementation ofHindu religion education, and 3) the meaningfulness and attempts done to implement HinduReligion education if related to the inventory of Balinese culture.This study is conducted to explain, describe, criticize, and analyze theimplementation of Hindu Religion education at Elementary School Number 17 Dauh Puri andDwijendra Elementary School Denpasar. The benefit that is intended to be achieved in thisstudy is to contribute to the inventory of Hinduism and to serve as something to be taken intoaccount when any decision related to Hindu Religion education is made.Researches on Hinduism have been conducted by some researchers. However, onlya few have been carried out related to Hindu Religion education. Further matters related toHindu Religion education provided at elementary school need to be done. The concepts madeavailable in this study are very essential. The reason is that such concepts serve as theguidelines in this study. The concepts employed are those related to the implementation ofeducation, general education, Hindu Religion education, Elementary School, and culturalstudies.The theories employed to answer the matters related to the implementation of HinduReligion education at Elementary School Number 17 Dauh Puri and Dwijendra Elementary School Depasar are: 1) the Derida’s theory of deconstruction, 2) Gramsci’s theory ofHegemony, and 3) Piaget’s constructivistic theory. In addition, a research model is alsoemployed in this study. The reason is that it serves as the researcher’s thinking flow indescribing and reporting the research.The methods employed in this study include the research planning, the researchlocation, the types and sources of data, the informant determination, the researchinstruments, the data collecting technique, the data analysis, and how the results arepresented. The purpose is to obtain objective data concerning the implementation of HinduReligion education at elementary school. The objective research method is able to describetotally and objectively how Hindu Religion education is implemented at Elementary SchoolNumber 17 Dauh Puri and Dwijendara Elementary School Denpasar.The novelty in this study is that the learning infrastructure and facilities needed tocarry out Hindu Religion education both at Elementary School Number 17 Dauh Puri andDwijendra Elementary School Depasar have not been in accordance with the minimumstandard of service , that the curriculum has not been totally oriented towards the schools’potentials and students, that the teachers have not been innovated in the learning process, andthat the government’s policy has not been made for multicultural education. In the process oflearning Hindu Religion, the schools have attempted to increase the quality of Hindu Religioneducation, to develop school-based management, and to apply multidisciplinary approach.

BALISEERING GENEALOGY: DECONSTRUCTING THE DUCTH COLONIAL EDUCATION IN NORTH BALI AND ITS IMPLICATION IN GLOBALIZATION ERA Pageh, I Made; Kumbara, A.A Ngurah Anom; Wirawan, A.A. Bagus; Sukardja, Putu
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Vol 8 No 4 (2015): Volume 8, Number 4, November 2015
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Baliseering in education hides the motives of the colonial ideological interest which are inserted in various colonial policies; it is hegemonic in regard to its structure and culture and has widely affected North Bali. In this present study, the qualitative method was used. In other words, the data were collected through interview, observation, and library research. The data were analyzed using the genealogic concepts of knowledge, domination, and hegemony (Foucault, Gramsci, and Giddens). However, the data which were related to education were eclectically analyzed using the concepts proposed by Bourdieu, Paulo Freire, and Ivan Ilich. The result of the study shows that genealogically Baliseering in education hide the colonial ideology and interest which was inserted in various discourses of colonization and hegemony in the society’s structure and culture with its wide impact. The motivation of Baliseering was obtaining cheap human resources in the bureaucratic modernization and making Bali an exotic tourist destination. The structure and culture of the Balinese people were created in a dominative and hegemonic way through hegemonic and colonial concepts in the traditional villages ‘Desa Pakraman’ in Bali. Its implication was highly wide; the political structure had been made to be hegemonic. In addition, ethnocentrism, primordialism, and colonization had been made to appear in both formal and informal education, causing liberalism and internationalism to appear. Apart from that, education had been made to be marginalized for the poor.

IDEOLOGY OF COMMODIFICATION OF BARONG PERFORMING ART AT BANJAR DENJALAN-BATUR, BATUBULAN, GIANYAR Subrata, I Wayan
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Volume 7, Number 3, Agustus 2014
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Performing arts barong in Banjar Denjalan - Batur Batubulan Gianyar is one tourist attraction that deliberately conceived , produced , and distributed to the travel agency for domestic consumption and foreign tourists . The ideology behind the commodification of performing arts barong able to make it existed until now to meet the needs of tourism in Bali . This paper mengangakat problem of ideology whether contained in the commodification of performing arts in Banjar Denjalan barong - Batur Batubulan Gianyar Bali that can be accepted by the community and be a tourist attraction . Research using observation , interviews , and documentation . In summary this study was described as follows . Ideology balih - balihan ( art entertainment commercial nature ) that underlies the commodification of performance art barong by making a duplicate original as the original but not profane staged regularly every day at two venues , the stage and the stage Pura Pura Pererepan Puseh . The original performing arts barong ( sacred ) staged in terms of religious ceremonies in temples called bebali art . Behind it all has the objective to obtain pecuniary advantage . Income of performing arts barong for subsistence for the owners of the performing arts barong and local communities and stakeholders .

POWER RELATION OF PUNGGAWA-SAWI ON FISHERMEN OF BAJO ETHNICS AT TIWORO ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH TIWORO DISTRICT, WEST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI Marhadi, Akhmad
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Volume 11, Number 3, August 2018
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

After the coming of globalization flow and ideology of capitalism in Ner Order around 1970s and 1980s until reformation era in 1998 up to now, power relation of punggawa-sawi resulted in hegemony on the group of sawi that had the impact on economic imbalance in the life of Bajo ethnics. This research is a qualitative method. Next, this research used a qualitative method with technique of snowball according to the purpose and objective of research. Result of this research showed that in forming power relation and hegemony of the group of punggawa is done not only directly in recruiting sawi as the worker to collect sea product, but also do the power and hegemony through another punggawa, through capital restriction and restrain of trade. In addition, manipulating regulation of government, power relation and hegemony through trader outside and through security apparatus are also done in recruiting sawi with the purpose of pursuing economic profit. Ideology of capitalism and religiousity is the supporting factor of hegemony towards sawi to happen. In this case, power relation between punggawa and sawi has the implication on ideological aspect that also influences system of knowledge of Bajo ethnics. Besides, this thing also has the implication on economic aspect, namely inegality of incoming between punggawa with sawi, political aspect, namely the involvement of the group of punggawa in practical politic, and has the implication in practical poliytics and has the implicatin on the condition of social stratification in which the change on the system of socil stratification happens on the society of Bajo ethnics.

RELIGIOSITY IN ART INSPIRED BY SAMUAN TIGA AND TEJAKULA, BALI: UNITY IN DIVERSITY Butler, Diane Carol; Ardika, I Wayan; Sedyawati, Edi; Parimartha, I Gde
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Vol. 5, No. 2 Juli 2011
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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At the dawn of this third millennium, growing numbers of forums worldwide are focused on the issue of how to sustain the diversity of the nature and of cultures for the well-being of the Earth and humanity. Concurrently, intercultural and interreligious dialogue is deemed essential for social cohesion. This dissertation advances the contributions of religiosity in art through a qualitative reflective account and chronicle of the art and dialogues offered by people of diverse cultures and faiths from 1999 to 2004 during Sharing Art & Religiosity in the vicinity of Pura Samuan Tiga in Bedulu, Bali and Sharing Art Ocean– Mountain at the seacoast village of Tejakula, North Bali; seen in tandem with creative transformations that occurred through Sharing Art in and with other cultural environments of the world. Methodologically this study stemmed from and demonstrates the merits of public participatory practice-based art programs whereby activities are conceived by and implemented with the people of a locale. Participants generated the data and interpretations via mutual cooperation, dialogue, and creative praxis. The Balinese principle of Tri Hita Karana, that aims toward a harmonious human-nature-God/Source of Life relationship in accord with the place-time-conditions, provided a holistic perspective to analyze and derive meaning from the results. Findings indicate sharing in the arts, religiosity, and nature fosters a common field such that traditional and modern cultures can study and engage in creative dialogue together. Moreover, interreligious innovations that have continued to develop since the seminal deliberation of reconciliation between Bali Aga, Çiwaist, and Buddhist faith groups at Samuan Tiga circa CE 989 to 1011 and intercultural egalitarian innovations since the seventeenth century dialogue of indigenous and migrant mountain and maritime cultures in Tejakula – constitute a model for furthering bhinneka tunggal ika unity in diversity in the world today. Recommendations outline how the findings can be used for cooperative exchanges between villages and between villages and cities of diverse regions and countries to support interculture in cultural environments. Appendices provide two video compact discs; seventy- nine reflective essays by artists, religious/spiritual leaders, scholars, and educators from across the world; and nine transcriptions of initial public dialogues.

THE ROLE PLAYED BY THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE ART OF CRAFT AT TEGALLALANG, GIANYAR, BALI Sila, I Nyoman; Ardika, I Wayan; Atmadja, Nengah Bawa; Dhana, I Nyoman
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Volume 10, Number 1, February 2017
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

The industrialization of the art of craft at Tegallalang, Gianyar, Bali results from the technological, economic and cultural development and leads to the production of different types of products of the art of craft. The industrialization of the art of craft cannot be separated from the role played by the stakeholders in order to obtain benefit. The problems of the study are as follows (a) what stakeholders play roles in the industrialization of the art of craft at Tegallalang, Gianyar, Bali? (2) How the stakeholders play their roles in the industrialization of the art of craft at Tegallalang, Gianyar, Bali? This present study is a qualitative one in which the critical theory of social practice proposed by Bourdieu and the ethnographic approach are used. The result of the study shows that the stakeholders playing roles in the industrialization of the art of craft at Tegallalang, Gianyar, Bali include the parents, the traditional village, the administrative village, the local government, the provincial government, craftsmen, the raw material supplier, the formal and informal financial institution, and foreign consumers. The stakeholders play their roles using different capitals such as the cultural capital, social capital, and economical capital. Those who have big capitals will dominate those who have fewer capitals and organize what products should be produced.

SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP SEKS BEBAS DI KOTA NEGARA: PERSPEKTIF KAJIAN BUDAYA Rasmen Adikusuma, I Wayan; Mariyah, MS, Prof. Dr. Emiliana; Pangkahila, M.Sc., Sp. And, Prof. Dr. dr. Alex; Sirtha, SH., MS, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Vol. 2, No. 1 Mei 2008
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Seks merupakan salah satu kenikmatan hidup yang paling kontroversial. Seks mempunyai makna yang luas berdimensi biologis, psikologis, dan sosiokultural. Seks selalu menarik untuk diwacanakan dan dipraktekkan, tapi selalu menimbulkan kontradiksi di masyarakat. Sementara itu kasus-kasus akibat seks bebas terus muncul. Remaja merupakan usia yang paling rentan terkena masalah seksual. Seks bebas menurut pendapat remaja adalah hubungan seks antara dua individu tanpa ikatan perkawinan. Pendapat yang paling ekstrim menganggap semua aktivitas seksual apabila pikiran mengarah ke hubungan seks merupakan seks bebas. Sebanyak 88,33% responden mengatakan ingin melakukan hubungan seks tapi takut resiko. Sebanyak 26,26% responden mengatakan bahwa cara terbaik untuk memenuhi kebutuhan seks adalah hubungan seks. Akan tetapi semua responden (100%) berpendapat bahwa hubungan seks pada masa remaja hendaknya dihindari. Sebanyak 5,00% responden setuju dengan aborsi, sebanyak 36,66% responden setuju memberikan toleransi kepada kaum homoseks/lesbian, dan sebanyak 1,67% responden tidak setuju dengan hukuman berat bagi pemerkosa. Makna yang dapat dikemukakan adalah bahwa semua responden masih dapat mengendalikan diri untuk tidak melakukan hubungan seks. Perjuangan kaum wanita dan kaum homoseks/lesbian untuk menuntut kesetaraan gender sudah mendapatkan simpati di kalangan sebagian responden.

RITUAL AS POLITICS: RAJU CULTURAL PRACTICE IN PLURAL SOCIETY OF MBAWA, WEST NUSA TENGGARA Wahid, Abdul Wahid; Ardika, I Wayan Ardika; Mbete, Aron Meko; Mariyah, Emiliana Mariyah
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Vol 8 No 2 (2015): Volume 8, Number 2, May 2015
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Since the New Order government the religious politics has obliged residents to adhere to one of the five official religions, causing the Mbawa society to be a plural one. They have welcome Christianity and Islam, but they still maintain their old belief, that is, Parafu. Movements have appeared in the society. The people were between peace and conflict. The last movements led to violence, taking place in 1969, 1972, and 2000. The Raju cultural practice is maintained within the context of Islamic and Christian contestations, and has been used as the arena of cultural fight. This present study discusses how the Raju ritual frees itself and its supporting people from the conflict, and how it is transformed into a means of supervising peace. The perspective of the critical theory was used in the present study to explore the texts of the Mbawa society. The discourse analysis was used to guide the discussion. Based on the fieldwork done at Mbawa from 2011 to 2014, several constructions of the Raju cultural practices were found. First, the Raju practice refers to the maintenance of identity and supremacy of the Mbawa society as conserver of the ancestor’s tradition; second, the Raju cultural practice functions as a mechanism of internal solidarity, so horizontal conflict can be avoided; and third, the Raju cultural practice plays a role as a means of revealing the “resistance” to as well as “acceptance” of the other people’s cultural domination. The finding of the study gives better understanding of the tradition-based management of conflict. It is such a character which, to some extent, has caused the Raju cultural practice to be the practice of management conflict. The significant cultural position of the Mbawa plural society could be identified from the discursive space and its potential as means of communication.

MARGINALIZATION OF FISHERMEN FROM UTILIZING COASTAL AREA AFTER RECLAMATION AT SERANGAN SUBDISTRICT, DENPASAR, BALI Suryawan, Nyoman
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Volume 7, Number 1, February 2014
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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Geographically, Serangan Subdistrict, South Denpasar District, Bali Province, used to be separated from the Bali’s mainland. However, now it is not isolated any longer after a bridge was constructed and reclamation was conducted by the Bali Turtle Island (abbreviated to BTID) in 1996. At that time 379 hectares of the coastal areas were victimized. The investor’s existence and the other businesses utilizing the coastal areas as their operating areas physically changed them, which were entirely coastal. It was this which was directly and indirectly responsible for marginalizing the fishermen. In relation to that, how the fishermen at Serangan subdistrict were marginalized from utilizing the coastal areas after being reclaimed was the focus of the present study. Qualitative method and the approach of cultural studies were used in the present study. The data were collected through observation, in-depth interview, and documentary study. The data were descriptively, qualitatively and interpretatively analyzed. To sum up, the present study showed that there were several forms of marginalization undergone by the fishermen at Serangan Subdistrict after reclamation; they were marginalized from utilizing the coastal environment; economic difficulty resulting from the fact that the sources of fish were getting scarce causing their income to go down; and their powerlessness in overcoming the problem they encountered to improve their standard of living.

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