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Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 19783728     EISSN : 24429740     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) (e-ISSN:2442-9740; p-ISSN:1978-3728) is published by the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Its diciplinary focus is dental science and dental hygiene. The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) is published in English on a quarterly basis with each 50-60 page edition containing between nine and eleven scientific articles on research, study literature and case studies. Contributors to the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) included: dental researchers, dental practitioners, lecturers, and students drawn from Indonesia and a wide range of other countries.
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Articles 964 Documents
Volatile sulphur compounds elimination: A new insight in periodontal treatment Ernie Maduratna Setiawatie; Rikko Hudyono
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 44 No. 4 (2011): December 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (636.758 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v44.i4.p210-214

Abstract

Background: Recent evidences had demonstrated a link between halitosis and apoptosis in periodontitis. Periodontal pathogenic micro-organisms produce volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs). VSCs are toxic to periodontal tissue. Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to reveal the mechanism of VSCs in periodontal breakdown according to the most recent knowledges. Reviews: Halitosis is mainly attributed to VSCs such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide. Several studies demonstrated a strong relationship between VSCs and periodontal disease progression. VSCs are released from amino acid breakdown from food, protein, cells, blood and saliva. In prone subjects, the VSCs may cause alteration in tissue integrity by increasing its permeability and facilitate the endotoxin to penetrate the tissue barrier. They may also causing apoptotic in gingival and periodontal tissue, which are considered the main pathogenesis in aggravating the periodontitis. VSCs may also initiate the increase of proinflammatory cytokines which is considered to have negative effects in host response. Conclusion: VSCs had been shown to have detrimental effects in gingival and periodontal ligament cells. The use of chlorine dioxine agent and topical antioxidant is beneficial in controlling the periodontal disease severity.Latar belakang: Penelitian terakhir menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara halitosis dengan terjadinya apoptosis pada periodontitis. Mikroorganisme penyebab periodontitis memproduksi volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) yang bersifat toksik terhadap jaringan periodontal. Tujuan: Tujuan penulisan ini adalah membahas mekanisme VSCs dalam menyebabkan kerusakan periodontal berdasarkan penelitian terakhir yang ada. Tinjauan pustaka: Halitosis seringkali dikaitkan dengan timbulnya VSCs seperti hidrogen sulfida, metil merkaptan, dan dimetil sulfida. Penelitian terakhir menunjukkan bahwa VSCs yang dilepaskan dari pemecahan asam amino makanan ternyata memiliki korelasi dengan kerusakan jaringan periodontal. Pada subjek yang peka, VSCs dapat menyebabkan terjadinya disintegritas epitel dengan meningkatkan permeabilitasnya sehingga endotoksin dapat masuk melewati epitel. Adanya VSCs tersebut memicu terjadinya apoptosis pada jaringan gingiva dan ligamen periodontal, dimana proses ini menyebabkan keparahan penyakit periodontal. VSCs juga dapat mencetuskan peningkatan sitokin proinflamasi yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan periodontal. Kesimpulan: VSCs dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada gingiva dan ligamen periodontal. Penggunaan bahan chlorine dioxine untuk dan antioksidan topikal sangat berguna dalam mengontrol keparahan penyakit periodontal.
Koreksi dimensi vertikal oklusal dengan modifikasi restorasi mahkota logam pada kasus severe early childhood caries (Correcting occlusal vertical dimension using modified stainless steel crown restoration in severe early childhood caries case) Amrita Widyagarini; Sarworini B Budiardjo
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 47 No. 2 (2014): June 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (739.038 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v47.i2.p92-97

Abstract

Background: Severe early childhood caries (SECC) describes progressively dental caries in primary dentition among children aged less than 3 to 5-year-old. Loss of Occlusal Vertical Dimension (OVD) with deep bite in clinical feature found 2.5 times more often in s-ecc children than others. It leads discrepancies of vertical development of permanent dentition, hence creates malocclusion. Purpose: The aim of this paper was to report consideration and correction of OVD in SECC child. Case: A 5-year-old girl was accompanied by her mother came to pediatric dental clinic Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia. Patient’s chief complaint was decay on all her teeth. Clinical examination revealed caries on all primary dentition, tooth #16, #46 have not yet been occluded, 26 erupted partially and it occluded with 36, anterior deep bite. Diagnose was anterior deep bite caused by SECC. Case management: Operative-rehabilitative treatment restores OVD to prevent malocclusion by modifying height of ssc in primary molars. Correcting deep bite using stainless steel crown (SSC) modified in posterior was done. First, restoration with glass-ionomer cement for raising the bite followed by a week evaluation to observe masticatory function and functional analysis of temporomandibular joint. Second, ssc were placed in primary molars. Conclusion: Modifying height of ssc in primary molars could corrected OVD in SECC child. Permanent first molars eruption could be guided to completely occlusion and prevent early malocclusion.Latar belakang: Severe early childhood caries (SECC) menunjukan pola karies gigi sulung yang progresif dan menyeluruh pada anak usia di bawah 3 hingga 5 tahun. Kehilangan dimensi vertikal oklusal (DVO), dengan gambaran gigitan dalam pada periode gigi sulung dilaporkan terjadi 2,5 kali lebih banyak pada anak SECC. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan gangguan perkembangan vertikal gigi permanen yang nantinya menyebabkan maloklusi. Tujuan: Laporan kasus ini melaporkan mengenai pertimbangan dan koreksi dimensi vertikal pada anak SECC. Kasus: Anak perempuan, 5 tahun, diantar ibunya ke klinik gigi anak Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia dengan keluhan semua giginya karies. Klinis, seluruh gigi sulung karies, #16, #46 belum mencapai oklusi, #26 erupsi sebagian dan beroklusi dengan #36, gigitan dalam regio anterior. Diagnosis adalah gigitan dalam regio anterior karena SECC. Tatalaksana kasus: Perawatan operatif-rehabilitatif bertujuan mengembalikan DVO guna mencegah maloklusi, antara lain dengan memodifikasi restorasi mahkota logam gigi posterior. Dilakukan koreksi gigitan dalam regio anterior dengan modifikasi restorasi mahkota logam gigi posterior. Tahap pertama, restorasi glass-ionomer cement dengan meninggikan gigitan gigi posterior. Adaptasi gigitan selama 1 minggu dan pengamatan fungsi pengunyahan serta analisa fungsional temporomandibular joint. Kedua, restorasi mahkota logam gigi molar, dengan mempertahankan tinggi gigit tahap pertama, dilanjutkan restorasi mahkota untuk gigi anterior. Simpulan: Modifikasi tinggi restorasi mahkota logam seluruh gigi molar sulung kasus SECC, dapat mengembalikan DVO, sehingga erupsi empat gigi molar satu permanen dapat mencapai oklusi sempurna, dan mencegah maloklusi dini.
Elderly nutritional status effection salivary anticandidal capacity against Candida albicans Ria Puspitawati; Nurtami Soedarsono; Elisabeth A Putri; Anissha D Putri; Boy M Bachtiar
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 44 No. 2 (2011): June 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (349.566 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v44.i2.p72-76

Abstract

Background: Elderly often suffer malnutrition and oral candidiasis. Candida albicans (C. albicans) which is the most prominent cause of oral candidiasis, is one of commensal oral micro-flora. Nutritional status affect the characteristic of saliva. Saliva is the regulator in the development of C. albicans from comensal into pathogen. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determining the correlation between elderly nutritional status with salivary total protein and its activity in inhibiting C. albicans growth and biofilm formation. Methods: Using mini nutritional assessment 30 elderly were classified into normal and malnutrition groups. Total protein of unstimulated saliva was measured using Bradford protein assay. The colony forming unit (CFU) of C. albicans was counted on 72 hours on SDA cultures without (control) or with 2 hour saliva exposure. Biofilm formation was analyzed from the optical density of 10–5 C. albicans suspension without saliva exposure (control) or with exposure of 10.000 μg/ml saliva and incubated in 37° C for 2 days. The suspension was put into 96 well plates, stained with crystal-violet dye, and analyzed using microplate reader. Differences between groups were analyzed using independent t-test or Kruskall-Wallis. Correlation between variables was analyzed using Spearman test. Results: Salivary total protein of normal elderly (1.113.5 ± 1.1143.3) was higher than those of malnutrition (613.6 ± 253.6) but not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The CFU of C. albicans exposed to saliva of normal samples (2.060 cfu/ml) was significantly lower than control (24.100 cfu/ml) and those exposed to malnutrition saliva (5.513.3 cfu/ml). C. albicans biofilm formation is highest in controls (0.177), lower in those exposed to malnourished saliva (0.151) and lowest in those exposed to saliva of good nourished elderly (0.133). Conclusion: Although does not cause significant decrease of salivary total protein, malnutrition in elderly results in lower capacity of saliva in inhibiting the growth and declining the virulence of C. albicans.Latar belakang: Lansia sering menderita malnutrisi dan kandidiasis oral. Candida albicans yang merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya candidiasis, adalah salah satu mikroflora rongga mulut yang bersifat konvensional. Malnutrisi memengaruhi karakteristik saliva. Saliva merupakan regulator utama perkembangan Candida albicans (C. albicans) dari sifat konvensional menjadi bersifat patogen.Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan korelasi antara status gizi lansia dengan total protein dan aktivitas saliva dalam menghambat pertumbuhan dan pembentukan biofilm C. albicans. Metode: Menggunakan mini nutritional assessment, 30 lansia diklasifikasikan menjadi kelompok gizi baik dan gizi buruk. Total protein unstimulated saliva diukur dengan metode Bradford protein assay. Colony forming unit (CFU) dihitung pada kultur C. albicans pada saburaud dextrose agar (SDA) berusia 72 jam yang sebelumnya telah dipaparkan saliva selama 2 jam. Kontrol adalah kultur C. albicans tanpa paparan saliva. Pembentukan biofilm adalah pengukuran optical density suspensi 10–5 C. albicans tanpa paparan saliva (kontrol) atau dengan paparan saliva 10.000 μg/ml dan diinkubasi pada suhu 37° C selama 2 hari. Suspensi tersebut kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam 96 well plates, diberi pewarna crystal violet, dan diukur menggunakan microplate reader. Analisis data menggunakan uji beda t Independen atau Kruskall-Wallis, dan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil: Total protein saliva lansia gizi baik (1.113,5 ± 1.1143,3) lebih tinggi dari lansia gizi buruk (613,6 ± 253,6) tetapi tidak bermakna secara statistik (p > 0,05). Pembentukan koloni C. albicans yang terpapar saliva lansia gizi baik (2.060 cfu/ml) secara signifikan lebih rendah dari kontrol (24.100 cfu/ml) dan daripada yang terpapar saliva lansia gizi buruk (5.513,3 cfu/ml). Pembentukan biofilm C. albicans tetinggi pada kontrol (0,177), lebih rendah pada yang terpapar saliva gizi buruk (0,151) dan terrendah pada yang terpapar saliva gizi baik (0,133). Kesimpulan: Meskipun malnutrisi tidak menyebabkan penurunan total protein saliva lansia, tetapi menurunkan kapasitasnya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan dan mengurangi virulensi C. albicans.
Profil jaringan lunak wajah kasus borderline maloklusi klas I pada perawatan ortodonti dengan dan tanpa pencabutan gigi (Facial soft tissue profile on borderline class I malocclusion in orthodontic treatment with or without teeth extraction) Pinandi Sri Pudyani; Yenni Hanimastuti
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 46 No. 4 (2013): December 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (406.66 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v46.i4.p179-184

Abstract

Background: Determination of orthodontic treatment plan with or without teeth extraction remains controversial, especially in borderline cases, so it requires more data and information to establish appropriate treatment plans in order to obtain optimal treatment results. Purpose: The study was aimed to determine the facial soft tissue changes in the borderline class I cases treated with and without tooth extraction on post-orthodontic treatment. Methods: The study was conducted on 28 lateral cephalograms, divided into two groups; 13 cases with tooth extraction, and 15 cases without tooth extraction. The subject criterias were as follows; class I malocclusion treated with straightwire technique, skeletal class I, in range of age between 18 to 30 years old, normal overjet 2-4 mm, arch length discrepancy between 2.5 to 5 mm, Index of Fossa Canine (IFC) between 37% to 44%, did not using extraoral devices, and treated with teeth extraction of 4 second premolars or without tooth extraction. The measurement of nasolabial angle, labiomental angle, and linear position of the upper and lower lip to E-Ricketts line were done on each cephalogram before and after orthodontic treatment. Results: In teeth extraction cases, there was a change on upper and lower lips positions (p<0.05), but there were no changes on nasolabial angle and labiomental angle (p>0.05). In non teeth extraction cases, there were no changes in nasolabial angle, labiomental angle, and lips positions (p>0.05). Both of groups also have indicated that there were no changes on linear position of the upper and lower lip (p>0.05). Post-orthodontic treatment indicated a significant differences between extraction and nonextraction cases on nasolabial and labiomental angle, and lips position (p<0.05). Conclusion: The facial soft tissue profile changes on teeth extraction case was more retruded than non- teeth extraction case.Latar belakang: Penentuan rencana perawatan ortodonti dengan pencabutan atau tanpa pencabutan masih menjadi kontroversi, terutama pada kasus borderline, sehingga diperlukan lebih banyak data dan informasi untuk menetapkan rencana perawatan yang tepat agar didapatkan hasil perawatan optimal. Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan meneliti perubahan profil jaringan lunak wajah sesudah perawatan ortodonti dengan pencabutan dan tanpa pencabutan. Metode: Pengukuran dilakukan pada 28 sefalogram lateral yang terdiri dari 2 kelompok, yaitu 13 sefalogram lateral untuk kasus dengan pencabutan gigi dan 15 sefalogram lateral untuk kasus tanpa pencabutan gigi. Kriteria subjek penelitian adalah maloklusi klas I yang dirawat dengan teknik straightwire, hubungan skeletal klas I, berusia 18–30 tahun, overjet normal antara 2–4 mm, diskrepansi panjang lengkung antara 2,5–5 mm, Indeks Fossa Canina (IFC) antara 37%-44%, tidak menggunakan alat ekstraoral, dan perawatan dengan pencabutan 4 premolar kedua atau tanpa pencabutan. Pada tiap sefalogram dilakukan pengukuran sudut nasolabial, sudut labiomental, dan pengukuran linier posisi bibir atas dan bawah terhadap garis E Ricketts sebelum dan sesudah perawatan ortodonti. Hasil: Pada kelompok pencabutan terdapat perubahan posisi bibir atas dan bawah terhadap garis E Ricketts (p<0,05), namun tidak terdapat perubahan sudut nasolabial dan sudut labiomental (p>0,05). Pada kelompok tanpa pencabutan tidak terdapat perubahan pada sudut nasolabial, sudut labiomental, dan posisi bibir (p>0,05). Terdapat perbedaan sudut nasolabial, sudut labiomental, dan posisi bibir antara kelompok dengan pencabutan dan tanpa pencabutan sesudah perawatan ortodonti (p<0,05). Simpulan: Profil jaringan lunak wajah kelompok yang dirawat dengan pencabutan gigi menjadi lebih retrusi daripada profil jaringan lunak wajah kelompok yang dirawat tanpa pencabutan.
Cost effectiveness and quality of life assessment on dental filling and tooth extraction in Balongsari Public Health Center Taufan Bramantoro; Thinni Nurul R
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 44 No. 1 (2011): March 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (175.706 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v44.i1.p43-48

Abstract

Background: Dental health services program implementation in Balongsari Public Health Center during three years, 2006 until 2008, have a high average ratio of filling treatment compared to tooth extraction treatment (1:1.79) as compared to the standard set by the Ministry of Health (1:1). Cost effectiveness analysis and quality of life is needed as a form of economic evaluation of costs incurred by the consequences or impacts of health care programs, especially dental filling and tooth extraction, use to help in supporting the process of policy making in health care. The objective of this study was to assess cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) and quality of life (QoL) on dental filling and extraction treatment in Public Health Center. Methods: The study was conducted on 31 respondents who received filling treatment and 38 respondents who received tooth extraction. All of the respondents carried out to evaluate the total costs incurred in obtaining treatment and QoL between before and after treatment, which consist of the physical aspects, psychological, social, and economic. Results: The average total cost of dental filling treatment of the 31 respondents was Rp. 27,934.45, and in tooth extraction of the 38 respondents at Rp. 22,406.83. The average difference in the QoL, before and after dental filling treatment amounted to 121.25. In extractions, QoL difference in value before and after treatment at 132.36. Cost effectiveness ratio value in dental filling treatment amounted to 230.37, and in tooth extraction at 169.63. Conclusion: It is concluded that cost effectiveness ratio in the filling treatment is higher than the extraction, that the tooth extraction treatment is considered more cost effective than filling treatment.Latar belakang: Pelaksanaan program pelayanan kesehatan gigi di Puskesmas Balongsari selama tiga tahun, yaitu tahun 2006 hingga 2008, memiliki rata-rata rasio perbandingan perawatan tumpatan dengan pencabutan gigi (1:1,79) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan standar rasio yang ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan (1:1). Analisis efektifitas biaya dan kualitas hidup, dibutuhkan sebagai bentuk dari evaluasi secara ekonomi, dilihat dari biaya yang dibandingkan dengan dampak program pelayanan kesehatan, khususnya perawatan tumpatan dan pencabutan gigi, untuk mendukung proses pengambilan kebijakan dalam pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) dan quality of life (QoL) pada perawatan tumpatan dan pencabutan gigi di Puskesmas Balongsari. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 31 orang pasien yang mendapatkan perawatan tumpatan dan 38 orang pasien yang mendapatkan pencabutan gigi. Pada seluruh responden dilakukan evaluasi total biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk mendapatkan perawatan dan pengukuran kualitas hidup sebelum dan sesudah perawatan, yang terdiri dari aspek fisik, psikologis, sosial, dan ekonomi. Hasil: Rata-rata total biaya perawatan tumpatan gigi dari 31 responden adalah Rp. 27,934.45, dan pada pencabutan gigi sejumlah 38 responden sebesar Rp. 22,406.83. Rata-rata nilai selisih QoL, sebelum dengan sesudah perawatan tumpatan gigi sebesar 121.25. Pada pencabutan gigi, nilai selisih QoL sebelum dengan sesudah perawatan sebesar 132.36. Nilai cost effectiveness ratio pada perawatan tumpatan gigi adalah sebesar 230.37, dan pada pencabutan gigi adalah sebesar 169.63. Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa cost effectiveness ratio pada perawatan tumpatan gigi lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada pencabutan gigi, sehingga pencabutan gigi dinilai lebih cost effective atau efektif secara biaya, dibandingkan dengan perawatan tumpatan gigi.
Efek ekstrak buah delima (Punica Granatum L) terhadap ekspresi wild p53 pada sel ganas rongga mulut mencit strain swiss webster Sri Hernawati; Fedik Abdul Rantam; I Ketut Sudiana; Retno Pudji Rahayu
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 46 No. 3 (2013): September 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (445.509 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v46.i3.p148-151

Abstract

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common cancer in the oral cavity. DNA tests showed that almost 90% of cases revealed wild p53 gene mutations. Wild p53 gene mutations cause p53 inactivation so the cell cycle does not stop in G1 phase but continues to S phase and G2 and M, it makes the mutated DNA remains multiplied and apoptosis does not occur. One candidate of the cancer treatment alternatives is pomegranate extract (Punica granatum L – PGL). Purpose: The purpose of study was to examine the effect of PGL on wild p53 expression in oral cavity malignant cell of swiss webster strain mice. Methods: Thirty- two swiss webster strain mice (Balb/c) 5 months old were randomly divided into four groups. Two control groups (K0: no benzopirene exposed and untreated; K1: benzopirene exposed and untreated); and 2 treatment groups (P1: benzopirene exposed and given EA; P2: benzopirene exposed and given PGL extract). The expression of wild p53 was determined by immunohistochemical techniques. Results: The results showed that administration of PGL could increase the expression of wild p53 in malignant epithelial cells in the oral mucosa of mice, and the expression was higher than EA. Conclusion: This study suggested that the PGL extract could express wild p53 in the oral cavity malignant cells of swiss Webster strains mice.Latar belakang: Karsinoma sel skuamosa merupakan kanker yang sering terjadi pada rongga mulut. Pemeriksaan DNA menunjukkan hampir 90% kasus dijumpai adanya mutasi gen wild p53. Mutasi gen wild p53 menyebabkan inaktivasi wild p53 sehingga siklus sel tidak berhenti pada fase G1 tetapi berlanjut ke fase S dan G2 dan M, sehingga DNA yang mengalami mutasi tetap dilipatgandakan dan apoptosis tidak terjadi. Salah satu kandidat obat kanker adalah ekstrak buah delima (Punica Granatum L - PGL). Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti efek ekstrak PGL terhadap ekspresi wild p53 pada sel ganas rongga mulut mencit strain swiss webster. Metode: Tiga puluh dua ekor mencit (Balb/c) strain swiss webster jantan berumur 5 bulan dibagi secara random menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu 2 kelompok kontrol (K0: tidak dipapar benzopirene dan tidak diberi perlakuan; K1: dipapar benzopirene dan tidak diberi perlakuan); serta 2 kelompok perlakuan (P1: dipapar benzopirene dan diberi EA; P2: dipapar benzopirene dan diberi ekstrak PGL). Pemeriksaan ekspresi wild p53 dilakukan dengan teknik  imunohistokimia. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak PGL dapat meningkatkan ekspresi wild p53 pada sel epitel ganas pada mukosa rongga mulut mencit, dan lebih tinggi dibanding dengan pemberian EA. Simpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak PGL dapat meningkatkan ekspresi wild p53 pada sel ganas rongga mulut mencit strain swiss webster
The efficacy of honey solution as plaque reducing agent Dewi Nurul M; Indria Rizki S; Indriani S; Masyitoh Masyitoh; Auerkari EI
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 43 No. 2 (2010): June 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (192.695 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v43.i2.p58-61

Abstract

Background: Periodontal care is an important step of periodontal health management. Some chemically active substances have been studied as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control. Honey is a traditional topical treatment for infected wounds and have inhibitory effect to around 60 species of bacteria including aerobes and anaerobes, gram-positives and gram-negatives. Purpose: To compare the efficacy of 5% and 25% honey solution and aquadest as mouth-rinses to control dental plaque during 4 days period. Method: After a thorough prophylaxis, during 4 days period of no oral hygiene all subjects were rinsed with 10 ml mouth-rinse they received 3 times a day after meal. Group I rinse with 5% honey solution, group II with 25%, and group III with aquadest as control. Results: There were significant increases of plaque index within each group, but no differences between all three groups in every experimental day. The fact that the probability value from day 1 (0.766) were gradually decreased to day 4 (0.076). Conclusion: Anti-microbial properties of honey solution as mouth-rinse did not show any inhibition effect on plaque formation until day 4.Latar belakang: Menjaga kesehatan periodontal merupakan tahap penting dalam pemeliharaan kesehatan periodontal. Beberapa substansi kimiawi aktif telah diteliti untuk membantu dalam kontrol plak gigi secara mekanik. Madu merupakan obat tradisional untuk luka terinfeksi dan dinyatakan mempunyai pengaruh menghambat sekitar 60 spesies termasuk bakteri aerob dan anaerob gram positif dan gram negatif. Tujuan: Membandingkan manfaat larutan madu 5% dan 25% terhadap akuades sebagai obat kumur untuk mengontrol pembentukan plak gigi selama 4 hari penelitian. Metode: Setelah tindakan profilaksis pembersihan sempurna, semua subjek penelitian dipersilahkan berkumur dengan 10 ml larutan yang telah diterima, 3 kali sehari setelah makan. Kelompok 1 berkumur dengan larutan madu 5%, kelompok 2 dengan 25%, dan kelompok 3 dengan akuades sebagai kontrol. Hasil: Didapatkan peningkatan bermakna indeks plak dalam setiap kelompok penelitian, tetapi tidak berbeda antara ketiga kelompok pada setiap hari dalam waktu penelitian. Namun ditemukan nilai p sejak hari 1 (0,766) menurun secara bertahap ke hari ke 4 (0,076). Kesimpulan: Sifat antimikroba larutan madu sebagai obat kumur belum menunjukkan pengaruh bermanfaat untuk menghambat pembentukan plak gigi hingga hari ke 4 penelitian.
Patient’s expectation on communication performances community of Dental Health Services providers located in urban and rural area Taufan Bramantoro; Ninuk Hariyani
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 46 No. 1 (2013): March 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (139.708 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v46.i1.p1-4

Abstract

Background: The quality of dentist’s communication skills is considered as one of important aspects on the quality of dental health services assessment. During the initial interview conducted at Ketabang, Dupak, and Kepadangan community dental health services at Surabaya and Sidoarjo, Indonesia, it appeared that eighty percent of initial respondents were not satisfied with the communication aspect. Community Dental Health Services (CDHS) need to assess the communication performances based on community characteristics in effort to promote the quality and effectiveness of the denta health services. Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze patient’s expectation values priorities on dentists' communication performances in CDHS that located in urban and rural area. Methods: The study was conducted in Ketabang Surabaya, Dupak Surabaya and Kepadangan Sidoarjo CDHSs. The participants were 400 patients above 18 years old. Participants were assessed their expectation value using the communication performances of dental health services questionnaire. Results: Patients in urban CDHS appeared that there were two priority aspects which had high values, namely the clarity of instructions and the dentist’s ability of active listening to the patient, while patients in rural CDHS revealed that the clarity of instructions and dentist-patient relationship were the aspects with high values. Conclusion: Patients in CDHS that located in rural area expect more dentist-patient interpersonal relationship performance than patients in CDHS located in urban area. This finding becomes a valuable information for CDHS to develop communication strategies based on community characteristics.Latar belakang: Kualitas komunikasi dari dokter gigi merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam penilaian kualitas layanan suatu sarana pelayanan kesehatan. Pada wawancara pendahuluan yang dilaksanakan di puskesmas Ketabang, Dupak dan Kepadangan di Surabaya dan Sidoarjo, Indonesia, diperoleh hasil bahwa delapan puluh persen responden merasa tidak puas dengan aspek komunikasi dari tenaga kesehatan gigi. Penyedia layanan kesehatan gigi perlu untuk menilai penampilan komunikasi dari tenaga kesehatan gigi sesuai dengan karakteristik masyarakat sebagai usaha untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan efektivitas layanan kesehatan gigi. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis prioritas harapan pasien terhadap penampilan komunikasi dokter gigi di puskesmas yang berlokasi di daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan di puskesmas Ketabang Surabaya, Dupak Surabaya dan Kepadangan Sidoarjo. Responden berjumlah 400 pasien, berusia diatas 18 tahun. Penilaian harapan pasien akan aspek komunikasi dari tenaga kesehatan akan diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner kualitas layanan terkait penampilan komunikasi. Hasil: Pasien pada puskesmas di daerah perkotaan menyampaikan bahwa ada dua aspek prioritas yang mereka anggap lebih bernilai, yaitu kejelasan instruksi dokter gigi dan kemampuan dokter gigi untuk mendengarkan mereka secara aktif, sementara pasien di puskesmas pedesaan lebih memberikan nilai prioritas yang tinggi pada aspek kejelasan instruksi dokter dan hubungan kedekatan antara dokter–pasien. Kesimpulan: Pasien pada Puskesmas yang terletak di daerah pedesaan lebih mengharapkan upaya membangun hubungan interpersonal dokter gigi dengan pasien dibandingkan dengan pasien pada puskesmas terletak di daerah perkotaan. Temuan ini merupakan informasi yang berharga bagi penyedia layanan kesehatan gigi untuk membangun strategi komunikasi berdasarkan karakteristik masyarakat sasaran.
The molecular phenomena of the blaZ genes forming betalactamase enzymes structure in Staphylococcus aureus resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin) Mieke Satari
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 43 No. 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (601.324 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v43.i3.p146-150

Abstract

Background: Nowadays, infectious disease still an important problem. One of the bacteria causing infectious diseases is Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In the effort to deal with infections caused by S. aureus, beta-lactam antibiotics, such as ampicillin, are used. In fact, it is unfortunately known that many of S. aureus bacteria are resistant to this group of antibiotics. Because of nucleotide base changes in the structure of the genes blaZ which encode beta-lactamase enzymes in S. aureus. Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze the nucleotide base changes in the structure of the genes blaZ forming beta-lactamase enzymes in S. aureus resistant to ampicillin based on molecular point of view. Methods: Molecular examinations was conducted by isolating the genes, forming beta-lactamase enzyme, which length was 845bp, from 7 isolates of S. aureus resistant to ampicillin by using PCR technique. The results of blaZ amplification were then subjected to homology by using Tn 552 of S. aureus obtained from bank of genes. Results: Based on the result of the homology, it was found that there was a change in purine base TG, which was a pyrimidine base at the -37 position of the initial codon of blaZ. This change, however, did not affect the strength of the promoter since the number of A and T is still more than the number of G and C. In the structure of the blaZ gene there was even no mutation or deletion or nucleotide base substitution found, so it would not affect the effectiveness of beta-lactamase enzyme. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the resistance of S. aureus towards ampicillin was not caused by nucleotide base deletion/substation. It is suspected that there were other causes leading to the resistance, including the overproduction of beta-lactamase enzyme of the blaZ gene, causing the degradation of beta-lactam antibiotics.Latar belakang: Penyakit infeksi sampai saat ini masih merupakan masalah. Salah satu bakteri penyebab infeksi yaitu Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Upaya menangani infeksi yang disebabkan S. aureus dapat menggunakan antibiotik golongan betalaktam, salah satunya ampisilin. Pada kenyataannya banyak S. aureus resisten terhadap antibiotik ini. Salah satu penyebab timbulnya resistensi ampisilin terhadap S. aureus yaitu adanya dugaan perubahan basa nukleotida dari gen struktur (blaZ) yang mengkode enzim betalaktamase. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis perubahan basa nukleotida gen struktur pembentuk enzim betalaktamase pada S. aureus yang resisten ampisilin ditinjau secara molekuler. Metode: Pemeriksaan enzim betalaktamase secara molekuler dilakukan dengan mengisolasi gen pembentuk ensim betalaktamase (blaZ) yang memiliki panjang 845 pb terhadap 7 isolat S. aureus hasil isolasi yang berasal dari abses yang resisten terhadap ampisilin dengan mengunakan PCR . Hasil amplifikasi blaZ kemudian dilakukan homologi dengan Tn 552 S. aureus yang diperoleh dari bank gen. Hasil: Hasil homologi ditemukan adanya perubahan basa purin T  G yang merupakan basa pirimidin pada posisi –37 dari kodon awal blaZ. Perubahan ini tidak mempengaruhi kekuatan promoter karena jumlah A dan T masih lebih banyak dari G dan C. Pada gen struktur blaZ ini tidak terdapat adanya mutasi ataupun delesi maupun subsitusi basa nukleotida hingga tidak akan mempengaruhi efektifitas kerja enzim betalaktamase. Kesimpulan: Terjadinya resisten S. aureus terhadap ampisilin bukan disebabkan adanya mutasi maupun delesi/ subsitusi basa nukleotida dari blaZ namun diduga adanya sebab lain yaitu produksi berlebih enzim betalaktamase hingga semua antibiotik betalaktam akan didegradasi oleh enzim betalaktamase.
Inhibition of dental plaque formation by toothpaste containing propolis Nurin Aisyiyah Listyasari; Oedijani Santoso
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 4 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (234.406 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i4.p208-211

Abstract

Background: Plaque is the main cause of caries and periodontal disease. Caries and periodontal disease can be prevented by inhibiting dental plaque formation. To inhibit the formation of plaque, teeth must be brushed with toothpaste. According to previous studies, propolis contains apigenin and tt-farnesol classified as flavonoid that can inhibit the formation of dental plaque by inhibiting glucosyltransferase enzym and membrane integrity of Streptococcus mutans. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of toothpaste containing propolis on the formation of dental plaque. Methods: Post test with only control group design was used. The subjects of this study were 30 boarding school students of Hidayatullah, Yayasan Al-Burhan, Gedawang, Semarang, divided into two groups, randomized control group and treatment group. Control group was not treated with toothpaste contanining propolis. Meanwhile, treatment group was treated with toothpaste containing propolis. Plaque then was measured by using plaque index of Sillness and Loe method after using toothpaste containing propolis for four hours. Afterwards, the data was analyzed by a computer program, Mann-Whitney test, with its significance p < 0.05. Results: The result of Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference, 0.002 (p < 0.05), between the control group and the treatment group. The median of the control group was about 3.41, while that of the treatment group was about 0.58. Conclusion: The use of toothpaste contaning propolis can prevent dental plaque formation.Latar belakang: Plak merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya karies dan penyakit periodontal. Karies dan penyakit periodontal dapat dicegah dengan menghambat pembentukan plak gigi. Untuk mencegah terbentuknya plak, gigi harus digosok menggunakan pasta gigi. Penelitian terdahulu menyebutkan bahwa propolis mengandung flavonoid apigenin dan tt-farnesol yang mampu menghambat aktivitas enzim glukosiltransferase dan menghambat pembentukan membran bakteri Streptococcus mutans yang berperan pada pembentukan plak gigi. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pasta gigi dengan kandungan propolis terhadap pembentukan plak gigi. Metode: Menggunakan rancangan post test only control group design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah santri Pondok Pesantren Hidayatullah Yayasan Al-Burhan, Gedawang, Semarang, sebanyak 30 santri dibagi dalam dua kelompok secara acak yaitu kelompok kontrol diberikan pasta gigi tanpa kandungan propolis dan kelompok perlakuan diberikan pasta gigi dengan kandungan propolis. Plak diukur dengan menggunakan indeks plak menurut Sillness and Loe sesudah menggunakan pasta gigi dalam jangka waktu kurang lebih empat jam. Data diolah menggunakan program komputer dengan analisis statistik non parametrik Mann-Whitney dan taraf signifikansi diterima bila p < 0,05. Hasil: Analisis statistik non parametrik Mann-Whitney menghasilkan perbedaan rerata bermakna (p < 0,05) antara kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan sebesar 0,002. Nilai tengah skor plak pada kelompok kontrol sebesar 3,41 dan pada kelompok perlakuan sebesar 0,58. Kesimpulan: Penggunaan pasta gigi dengan kandungan propolis dapat menghambat pembentukan plak gigi.

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