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Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 19783728     EISSN : 24429740     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry
The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) (e-ISSN:2442-9740; p-ISSN:1978-3728) is published by the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Its diciplinary focus is dental science and dental hygiene. The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) is published in English on a quarterly basis with each 50-60 page edition containing between nine and eleven scientific articles on research, study literature and case studies. Contributors to the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) included: dental researchers, dental practitioners, lecturers, and students drawn from Indonesia and a wide range of other countries.
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Articles 993 Documents
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Orthodontic-prosthodontic approach in free end saddle patient with the presence of impacted third molar: A case report Eufrasia Claudia Putri; Putu Indra; Ananto Ali Alhasyimi; Abdullah Md Tajudin; R. Darmawan Setijanto
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i3.p280-286

Abstract

Background: Delayed restoration in tooth loss can lead to tooth extrusion, bite collapse, and mastication difficulty, which reduce quality of life. Distal extension denture usage is challenging compared to bounded saddle dentures due to their comfort and denture longevity. Uprighting an impacted third molar can be a novel treatment option for transforming a free-end saddle into a bounded saddle. Purpose: The objective of this case report is to demonstrate reconstructive treatment of masticatory difficulty due to the prolonged loss of the first and second molars using orthodontic and prosthodontic approaches. Case: A 23-year-old female patient presented with complaints of protruding teeth and mastication difficulty on her left side. The patient was not recommended for odontectomy and implant. Incompetent lips with Class I skeletal patterns (ANB 3°), maxillary and mandibular incisor proclination (U1-NA, 35.87°; U1-NB, 49.07°), and lower lip protrusion were seen. Intraoral observations showed extrusion of #26 and #27, moderate lower arch crowding, fully impacted tooth #38, and missing teeth #36 and #37. Case Management: Facial profile improvement was achieved by extracting teeth #14, #24, and #44, and management of excessive space due to loss of teeth #36 and #37, followed by anterior retraction. Pre-prosthodontic preparation was managed by intrusion of teeth #26 and #27. A crown lengthening procedure was needed to expose the fully impacted #38, slight mesialization using temporary anchorage device was required due to distal movement limitation because of an external oblique mandible, and then uprighting of #38 was completed using copper nickel-titanium archwire sequences. Conclusion: The uprighting of the impacted third molar can be used as a novel strategy in transforming a distal extension denture into a bounded saddle denture that increases the patient's comfort and stability, and the longevity of the denture in a patient that was not recommended for odontectomy and implant.
Synthesis and characterization of beta-tricalcium phosphate /polyacrylic acid composite membrane Juan Cassius Halim; Eddy; Tansza Setiana Putri; Deviyanti Pratiwi; Florencia Livia; Abida Zhafira Inayasary
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i3.p213-218

Abstract

Background: Untreated bone loss can lead to serious complications. Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) is a promising approach for treating periodontal tissue and alveolar bone defects, in which membranes serve as protective barriers for bone grafts. Purpose: This study aimed to fabricate and characterize a novel membrane composed of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) for potential GBR applications. Methods: β-TCP powder was synthesized using a Ca/P ratio of 1.5 from calcium carbonate and dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, followed by ball milling and sintering. The β-TCP membrane was then fabricated by combining β-TCP with PAA at various concentrations. The fabricated membranes were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results: XRD analysis confirmed the presence and stability of the crystalline β-TCP structure within the membrane. SEM revealed closely packed β-TCP particles with strong interparticle bonding. FTIR analysis demonstrated chemical interactions between the carboxyl (-COOH) groups of PAA and calcium ions (Ca²⁺) from β-TCP, indicating successful integration of the two components. Conclusion: The β-TCP/PAA membrane exhibited promising structural and chemical properties, supporting its potential as a novel GBR membrane for periodontal tissue regeneration.
The effect of hydroxyapatite and Salacca zalacca skin extract combination on antioxidant activity, pH, and cytotoxicity Elline; Anastasia Elsa Prahasti; Winny Moniaga; Rosalina Tjandrawinata; Syuwari Azhar Azman
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i3.p225-231

Abstract

Background: Conservative treatment to maintain tooth vitality can be done with pulp capping. The gold standard pulp capping material is calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), which can result in tunnel defects. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a biocompatible material synthesized from eggshells that can produce a continuous dentinal bridge without a tunnel defect. Flavonoids are compounds with antioxidant properties found in many natural materials, such as Salacca zalacca skin. Combining HAP with S. zalacca skin extract (SAL) is expected to support reparative dentin formation without causing excessive inflammation. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of different ratios of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) and SAL on antioxidant activity, pH, and cytotoxicity. Methods: In an experimental study using a posttest control group design, 4% nHA was combined with SAL at varying ratios (25:75, 50:50, and 75:25). These combinations were tested for antioxidant assay, pH, and cytotoxicity. Antioxidant assay was measured using the DPPH method, while cytotoxicity was assessed in human dental pulp cells (hDPSC) for 24 hours. Results: The highest antioxidant activity was found in the 25 nHA: 75 SAL group, with a significant antioxidant difference (p < 0.05) compared to other groups. The pH value showed that all test groups had significant differences with Ca(OH)2 (p < 0.05). All test groups showed nontoxic effects on hDPSC. The 25 nHA: 75 SAL group had the highest viability and a significant difference from Ca(OH)2. Conclusion: The combination of nHA and SAL affects antioxidant activity, pH, and cytotoxicity of hDPSC in different ratios.
Characterization of limestone-based beta-tricalcium phosphate /polyacrylic acid blocks as bone graft candidates Dianayu Noviani Soesianto Putri; Tansza Setiana Putri; Abida Zhafira Inayasary; Eddy; Thet Thet Swe
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i3.p248-253

Abstract

Background: Bone grafting is a widely used technique in dentistry to repair bone defects. Limestone-based beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) holds potential as an alternative bone graft material when combined with polyacrylic acid (PAA) to produce composite blocks. Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the characteristics, including porosity, diametral tensile strength (DTS), morphology, macropore size, and micropore size of block composites made from limestone-based β-TCP and PAA as well as the effect of their composition on these characteristics. Methods: This was a laboratory experimental study employing a post-test-only control group design. The study groups consisted of a negative control (pure PAA powder), a positive control (PAA + commercial β-TCP), and three treatment groups with variations in the mixture of limestone β-TCP and PAA: 60:40, 50:50, and 40:60 (%w/w). The samples were characterized for porosity using volume and weight measurements, for DTS using a universal testing machine, and for morphology using scanning electron microscopy. Results: Limestone-based β-TCP produced composites with higher porosity and DTS compared to pure PAA samples and commercial β-TCP. Increasing the β-TCP content generally increased porosity and DTS, although porosity decreased in the 40:60 group. The composite blocks predominantly exhibited closed porosity, with macropore size ranging from 81.30 µm to 198.40 µm. Conclusion: Increasing the proportion of limestone-based β-TCP results in higher porosity and DTS values than commercial β-TCP, partly due to particle size contributing to higher values. The composite blocks are porous, while pure PAA has a smooth, pore-free surface. However, further optimization is still required.
Forastero cacao bean extract on orthodontic tooth movement rat model Rina Sutjiati; Rudy Joelijanto; Nurhalimah; Millenieo Martin; Shierin Velly Fiolita
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i3.p241-247

Abstract

Background: Using orthodontic appliances to correct malocclusion causes pressure on the periodontal ligament, which triggers an inflammatory response. The process of inflammation is necessary for tooth movement. However, excessive inflammation causes other problems, such as bone destruction and root resorption, causing a disruption in the equilibrium between bone resorption and bone formation. Therefore, a natural anti-inflammatory is needed. Forastero cacao bean extract gel with flavonoid content can inhibit the NF-κB pathway by preventing precursor cells from becoming osteoclasts, which should reduce the quantity of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expressions in osteoclasts. Purpose: This study aimed to determine how much NFATc1 and TRAP expressions would decrease in orthodontic tooth movement after applying Forastero cacao bean extract gel on rat models. Methods: Non-fermented Forastero cacao beans were made into an 8% gel form. A total of 30 rats were assigned to a control group (C). One group received only orthodontic force for 7 days (X7) and 14 days (X14), while the treatment group received orthodontic force in combination with 8% (80 mg/mL) Forastero cacao bean extract gel applied over treatment periods of 7 days (Z7) and 14 days (Z14). Results: The NFATc1 and TRAP expressions significantly decreased in the Z7 and Z14 groups compared with the X7 and X14 groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Forastero cocoa bean extract gel can reduce the expressions of NFATc1 and TRAP in osteoclasts, which provides further evidence that this ingredient is effective at reducing excessive alveolar bone resorption to maintain the balance of the bone remodeling process.
Effect of propolis extract and bovine graft on bone morphogenetic proteins-2 and osterix expression in dental socket healing Utari Kresnoadi; Imam Safari Azhar; Cindy Ramadhan Putri; Aishley Yutassa; Ratri Maya Sitalaksmi; Jennifer Widjaja
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i3.p254-260

Abstract

Background: Socket preservation is essential, as the alveolar bone provides structural support for prosthetic rehabilitation. Flavonoids and caffeic acid phenethyl ester in propolis exert immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, contributing to reduced inflammation in the extraction socket. When combined with a bovine bone graft, propolis may synergistically enhance alveolar bone regeneration and accelerate the healing process. Purpose: This study was undertaken with the aim to examine the potential for the mixture of propolis and bovine-derived xenograft to elevate bone morphogenetic proteins-2 (BMP-2) and osterix (OSX) expression during the preservation of tooth extraction sockets in 56 Cavia cobaya. Methods: The research utilized a laboratory experimental methodology incorporating true experimental design. The research population was divided into eight groups that were administered polyethylene glycol, bovine bone graft, propolis extract, or a mixture of propolis and bovine-derived xenograft. An extraction socket was created in the 56 Cavia cobaya whose lower left incisors were removed before applying polyethylene glycol, bovine bone graft, propolis extract, and a mixture of propolis and bovine bone graft to the resulting cavities, according to the group. The sample was examined by means of BMP-2 and OSX expression from immunohistochemistry staining on days 7 and 30 post-extraction. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Differences existed between the eight research groups. The highest expression of BMP-2 and OSX was detected in the bovine bone graft and propolis extract combination group. A statistically different BMP-2 expression was found between the control and propolis groups and control and combination groups on day 7 and day 30. For OSX, the combination group was statistically significant compared with the control group (p = 0.000), propolis (p = 0.003 on day 7 and p = 0.01 on day 30), and bovine bone graft group (p = 0.000 on day 30). Conclusion: A mixture of propolis extract and bovine bone graft can increase BMP-2 and OSX expression in post-extraction sockets on days 7 and 30.
Synergistic effects of folic acid supplementation in the management of peri-implant disease: a comprehensive study on clinical and biochemical outcomes Priyatha Prasanth; Arvina Rajasekar
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i3.p261-265

Abstract

Background: Peri-implantitis is an infectious disease characterized by peri-implant tissue inflammation and bone loss, adversely affecting oral health and wellbeing. Mechanical debridement is the primary treatment, but adjunctive therapies may enhance its effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of systemic folic acid supplementation as an adjunct to mechanical debridement in the management of peri-implantitis, focusing on clinical outcomes and the modulation of peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Purpose: This study aims to assess the clinical and biochemical effects of systemic folic acid supplementation when used alongside mechanical debridement in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Methods: This prospective clinical study was conducted at Saveetha Dental College, enrolling systemically healthy participants diagnosed with peri-implantitis (n = 50). Study participants were assigned to receive either mechanical debridement with placebo (control; n = 25) or with folic acid supplementation (test; n = 25). The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pre-implant probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and IL-6 levels in PICF were measured at baseline and at 3 months. Statistical analysis was performed using paired and independent t-tests. Results: Significant improvement was observed in both groups from baseline to 3 months in all parameters (p < 0.05). However, greater improvements in PI, GI, PPD, CAL, and IL-6 levels were noted in the test group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Systemic folic acid supplementation greatly improves the therapeutic benefits of mechanical debridement in peri-implantitis treatment, leading to better clinical and biochemical outcomes.
Factors associated with dental service utilization among early elderly in Seka District, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand Wacharaphol Wiwat Thaopan; Nuttawut Pulthong; Kanokphorn Akkasettang; Minnarin Rungrueang
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i3.p232-240

Abstract

Background: Physiological changes in older adults increase the risk of oral disease and tooth loss. Understanding the factors influencing dental service utilization in this population is crucial for planning targeted interventions. Purpose: This cross-sectional analytical study aimed to explore the factors associated with dental service utilization among the early elderly (60–69 years) in Seka District, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. Methods: A multistage random sampling method was used to select 242 early elderly. Data on personal factors, predisposing factors (knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about oral health), enabling factors, reinforcing factors, and dental service utilization were collected using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Results: The majority of participants were women (70.2%), with an average age of 64.5 years. Most participants were farmers (50.4%) and had completed primary education (83.5%). A significant proportion (68.6%) had never received dental services before. Although the majority had a high level of oral health knowledge (66.9%) and a positive attitude (95.9%), less than half (47.5%) had strong oral health beliefs. Marital status (p = 0.021), access to information in the past year (p < 0.001), ability to travel independently (p = 0.017), oral health beliefs (p = 0.037), enabling factors (p < 0.001), and reinforcing factors (p = 0.009) showed statistically significant associations with dental service utilization. Conclusion: Personal, predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors significantly influenced dental service utilization among the early elderly in Seka District. Oral health education and promotion focusing on the prevention of oral health problems in the elderly are recommended to increase dental service utilization.
Reconstruction of maxillopalatal defect in a syphilitic gumma patient with retrograde facial artery musculomucosal flap: A case report Nissia Ananda; Viandra Tjokroadiredjo; Ghina Humaira; Muhammad Kamil Hassan; Firdaus Hariri
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i3.p287-292

Abstract

Background: The facial artery musculomucosal (FAMM) flap has been reported for the repair and reconstruction of various oral and craniofacial defects. However, reports describing its use for reconstruction of the anterior maxillary region remain limited. Purpose: This report describes the repair of an anterior maxillopalatal defect caused by tertiary syphilis (syphilitic gumma) using a retrograde-flow, superiorly based FAMM flap. Case: A 30-year-old man with a history of human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis infection presented with an anterior palatal perforation measuring 3.5 × 1 × 1 cm, accompanied by diffuse erythema, secondary to tertiary syphilis. Case Management: After confirmation that the patient no longer had active syphilis infection, peripheral ostectomy was performed, followed by closure of the defect using a tunneled FAMM flap. Conclusion: Modification of the FAMM flap with tunneling increases its versatility and facilitates closure of maxillopalatal bony defects caused by tertiary syphilis, potentially reducing the need for secondary revision surgery. The authors support the use of this flap for the management of oral defects of similar size and extent.
Associations between oral health knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and dental plaque among Malaysia’s urban poor Afidatulmasrie Ahmad; Jamaludin Marhazlinda; Dini Setyowati; Zamros Yuzadi Mohd Yusof
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i3.p206-212

Abstract

Background: Dental plaque is a major contributor to oral diseases. In urban poor communities, limited access to dental care is often compounded by behavioral and psychosocial barriers.  Purpose: This preliminary cross-sectional study, guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM), aimed to assess oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) and their relationship with dental plaque scores among urban poor communities in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: This study involved 124 adults aged 18–59 years from two government-subsidized flats in Kuala Lumpur. Oral health KAB were measured using a validated self-administered questionnaire guided by the HBM, and plaque levels were assessed clinically using the Plaque Control Record. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29.0, employing both descriptive and bivariate analyses. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: The mean plaque score was 50.5 (SD=20.5), and 77.4% demonstrated poor oral hygiene. Lower plaque scores were significantly associated with correct knowledge about toothbrushing and the link between gum disease and bad breath, reflecting perceived benefits and cues to action. Higher plaque scores were linked to low self-efficacy and perceived barriers, such as difficulty using dental floss. Use of fluoridated toothpaste and dental floss was significantly associated with lower plaque levels, highlighting the perceived benefits and self-efficacy. Conclusion: The HBM helps to identify psychosocial and behavioral determinants of oral hygiene. Tailored interventions should focus on reducing barriers, increasing self-efficacy, and promoting practical oral care behaviors to promote sustainable oral health change.

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