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Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik

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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20867050 EISSN : 25286013 DOI : 10.20473/mkp.V34I22021.119-132

Core Subject : Humanities, Art,

Arts Humanities

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Articles 404 Documents

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Implementation of social capital for multipurpose cooperative autonomy Andik Fadjar Tjahjono; Mustain Mashud; Falih Suaedi
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 1 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Only a few cooperatives succeed in utilizing social capital, one of them is the Setia Budi Wanita (SBW) Multipurpose Cooperative, East Java. This study aims to elaborate on social capital utilization that develops the autonomy of a multipurpose cooperative. The research method used was qualitative with a phenomenology approach in SBW Multipurpose Cooperative and data were collected through interviews, focused group discussions, and document review. This study has nine informants, including one East Java cooperative figure, four cooperative administrators, two existing members, and two new members. Various data were traced, among others: profiles of SBW figures, various women empowerment programs, the joint responsibility group system, and collaborative partnership between SBW Multipurpose Cooperative and the Department of Cooperatives and SMEs of East Java Province. The results show that SBW Multipurpose Cooperative has various social capital, among others: the characters of Mursia Zaafril Ilyas and Sri Untari Bisowarno, the bond of the seventeen doctors’ wives, a community of 360 members, and fourteen administrators of SBW; values and trust in the network of women’s cooperatives. This study concludes that social capital elements enable SBW Multipurpose Cooperative to be an autonomous cooperative. SBW Multipurpose Cooperative can utilize the collaboration of individual, community, and network social capital.

Legal politics of the establishment of reserve funds for cemetery Firman Firdausi; Willy Tri Hardianto; Asih Widi Lestari
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 1 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Malang City as one of the developed cities in Indonesia has a lot of development potential. Development in the city certainly has its own obstacles. Malang City is experiencing growth and an increase in population. This certainly affects all regional developments in this city. One of the obstacles to this development is a legal vacuum in the provision of a cemetery for the public interest which is carried out by local governments based on the Regional Government Law. This study aims to find out the gaps in the authority of local governments in land acquisition through the agenda of Reserve Funds and land acquisition in the public interest. This study used a normative legal method that takes regulatory data from the central to regional governments and analyzed it using legal theory and social analysis. This study concludes that the procurement of cemeteries by the local government can be carried out by means of a limited area of 5 hectares and can be submitted through a reserve fund. A reserve fund is established because large-scale developments cannot be completed in one fiscal year.

The failure of the United States coercive diplomacy in the era of President Donald Trump: Turkey’s persistence in buying S-400 Febry Triantama; Cancera Triane Berliana; Muhammad Yusril I'za
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 1 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Turkey decided to acquire the S-400 air defense system from Russia in 2017. This decision puts Turkey in the shadow of the United States’ coercive diplomacy through the CAATSA instrument. However, Turkey showed its persistence, as evidenced by the arrival of the S-400 in Turkey in 2019. This study aims to find out the reason for Turkey’s persistence using the concept of coercive diplomacy and descriptive-analytical methods. This article concludes that the reason for Turkey’s persistence in buying S-400 was the implementation of United States coercive diplomacy through CAATSA that tends to be “half-hearted”. “Half-hearted” coercive diplomacy done by the United States made all three strategies for a successful and effective coercive diplomacy cannot be achieved. First, the demands and threats presented did not have strong credibility and legitimacy. Second, the Turkish government’s lack of urgency in complying with the US demands contributed to the cause of such persistence. Finally, the absence of time pressure is also important to assure a successful and effective coercive diplomacy.

Determining sustainability in contract farming: An evidence of melon farmers from Klotok Village, Plumpang District, Tuban Regency, Indonesia Ratna Azis Prasetyo; Rustinsyah Rustinsyah; Muhammad Adib
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 1 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The main problems of small farmers who plant melons in open and intensive agricultural land are capital, technology, and markets. One way to overcome the problem is by establishing contract farming with a sponsor. Relationships with sponsors do not always benefit economically. For this purpose, this study was carried out on the indicators that determine the sustainability of contract farming between melon farmers and sponsors in Klotok Village, Plumpang District, Tuban Regency, Indonesia. The study was conducted using a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results showed that of the three contract farming indicators, equity has the highest correlation value (0.302). It illustrates that the equality of farmers and sponsors is a crucial aspect for the sustainability of farming contracts. Even the dimensions of mutual benefit have low correlation values (0.296). It was shown by some farmers who suffered losses but did not break relations with the sponsors. This study concludes that the presence of sponsors plays an important role in the activities of melon farmers. The sustainability of melon farmers can drive rural economic activities and can further improve the welfare of the rural population.

A generation gap between children and their parents in Pashtun community Buner District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Pir Wahab; Shamas Ud Din; Kinan Pasha; Mukhtar Ahmed; Mujahid Hussain; Jamil Khan
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 1 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The generation gap is a serious, challengeable problem in the emerging society in Pakistan. It refers to parents or elders’ disagreements, conflicts, inconsistencies, and differences in several matters such as attitude, behaviour, beliefs, values, politics, closeness, modern technology, cultural changes, and communication. The present study was designed to analyse the causes and consequences of the generation gap among the Pashtun community. A quantitative research method was used to select 400 samples of the current population and collect data through a well-designed questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were examined by ten PhD scholars from different universities. The Cronbach’s Alpha for the data is .969. The data was analysed using SPSS version 26. The results were shown in the form of a one-way ANOVA and a frequency distribution table. The data revealed a statistically significant (0.05) relationship between various variables such as technological advancement, living patterns, behaviour, social norms, communication gaps, unemployment, poverty, socioeconomic status, and religiosity. Both parents and children are responsible for the generation gap, but it can be reduced by understanding, loving, caring, sharing, communicating, and maintaining friendly relations.

Housewives’ lifestyle and behavior of debt dependency on bank thitil Suciawati Khusnul Khotimah; Ketut Prasetyo; Sukma Perdana Prasetya; Nasution Nasution
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 1 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The fulfillment of household needs can implement various strategies, including debt strategy. A money lending service becomes an attraction to fulfilling the needs of life. The money lending service on credit is known as bank thitil by Javanese. This study presents the factors that make housewives have a dependency behavior on bank thitil loans. This dependency behavior is examined from the perspective of the planned behavior theory by Ajzen. This study used a qualitative approach and the subjects of this study were housewives who have debt in bank thitil. Some factors encourage the dependency behavior of housewives on bank thitil loans. This research finds that the implementation of Ajzen’s planned behavior theory in analyzing the factors of indebted housewives is integrated with some factors, including (1) the influence of attitudes that assume the bank thitil provides benefits, (2) subjective norms in the form of lifestyle and environmental vicinity, and (3) social control that supports the housewives in borrowing money from the bank thitil.

Exploring the roots of local government corruption practices in rural Java: An anthropological analysis Setiadi Setiadi; Henny Ekawati; Fadlan Habib
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 1 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Corruption is a crucial issue in Indonesia, including in the administration of village government. This article aims to explain the roots of corruption seen from an anthropological analysis of corruption. This article describes the factors causing corruption practices in rural Java, i.e., local values in village governance practices. The research was conducted in several villages in Bojonegoro Regency-East Java. The data were collected through a series of participatory observations, in-depth interviews, and searching archives. The informants were divided into three groups, i.e., the village officials, the elite groups who were against the village head, and the neutral group. The findings of this study indicate that the root of corruption in the village is caused by strong local values such as loyalty to the village head from his followers, solid harmony, and the ability for the village head to manifest himself as an ideal leadership. Such values make relational models that are full of pleasantries for the sake of themselves and their groups to perpetuate power. This study concludes that non-values factors that further complicate the financial administration system in the form of supralocal interventions had a wider impact on the worsening of the deviation in budget usage.

Uncovering motives and rivalry of China-Australia amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the Pacific region Aryo Bimo Prasetyo; Achmad Ismail; Muhammad Fachrie
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 34 No. 4 (2021): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The rivalry between China and Australia in the Pacific region shows high tension. This rivalry has increasingly intense in the form of providing assistance to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, where both countries have various motives of interest by providing the assistance. This article aims to describe the economic and political motives of China and Australia in order to provide assistance in handling COVID-19 to countries in the Pacific region. This article used a descriptive method by collecting several sources from books, journals, official documents, and scientific articles on the internet. It finds that China and Australia have economic and political-security motives from the assistance provided to countries in the Pacific region. The large natural resources in the Pacific region and its transformation into a world maritime trade route become the economic motives. The political motives for China are the principle of “One China” and a “Good Image/Perception” for China, while the political motive for Australia is strengthening Australia’s solidarity in the Pacific region. This article concludes that China’s presence in the Pacific region, which includes assistance in combatting COVID-19 and other concerns, puts China a threat to Australia, making the rivalry between the two countries is no longer inevitable.

Digital society and society 5.0: Urgent issues for digital social transformation in Vietnam Hoang H Nguyen; Huan V Tran
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 1 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Society has been undergoing a complex transformation from a traditional society to a modern, post-modern society with a new state of social history - “digital society”, “society 5.0” based on the development of digital technology to help connect things and unprecedentedly change our life. This article uses a qualitative method by collecting, reviewing many Vietnamese and international scientific documents to focus on analyzing three contents: (1) history, concept, and nature of “digital society”, “society 5.0”, (2) proposing an overall model of a digital society suitable to the reality of Vietnam from the overall “digital society” model of some countries in the Asia-Pacific region and “society 5.0”, (3) urgent issues in the process of implementing the goal of building a “digital society” in Vietnam by 2030. These issues discussed are also valuable for reference for countries whose context, culture, and development level are similar to Vietnam’s to adapt to digital social transformation. The important result of the study is the proposal of the overall model to build the digital society with four specific criteria: digital economy, digital government, digital culture, and digital society for Vietnamese practice and implications for countries at the same level of development.

Variations of Islam and democracy in Muslim countries: From Islamic countries to secular Muslim countries and its relevance to the discourse of Islam and democracy Zulfadli Zulfadli
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 2 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The phenomenon of Islam and democracy in Muslim countries is practiced differently between Muslim countries with an Islamic state and Muslim countries with a secular pattern. This article wants to examine and reassess the view of Islamic exceptions or “Islamic exceptionalism” on the scarcity of democracy in Muslim countries with case studies of regime variations found in Muslim countries. This article analyzes the variation of Islam and democracy in Muslim countries, with a comparative method using data from the democracy indexing agency. There are four variations of Muslim countries: Islamic countries, semi-Islamic countries, secular countries, and semi-secular countries. This study shows that, from the four variations of the Islamic world, none of the Islamic countries has succeeded in achieving full democracy (full democracy). Three Muslim countries have a flawed democracy (flawed democracy), namely Malaysia, Indonesia, and Tunisia. The rest of the Muslim countries are under a political system controlled by the military (hybrid democracy) and authoritarianism. In addition, this article finds that social, political, cultural, and agency tools and support in supporting democratic values are still the main problems that harm the scarcity of democracy in Muslim societies

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