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Zul Khaidir Kadir
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muslim Indonesia
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Paradigma Kebijakan Kriminal dalam KUHP Nasional Indonesia Zul Khaidir Kadir
ALADALAH: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): ALADALAH: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora
Publisher : LP3M INSTITUT KH YAZID KARIMULLAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59246/aladalah.v4i1.1803

Abstract

Indonesia’s new Penal Code (Law No. 1 of 2023) has been promoted as a milestone of legal modernization and decolonial reform, marking a formal break from colonial criminal law. This article critically examines whether such claims correspond to a substantive transformation in criminal policy or merely reflect a reconfiguration of long-standing penal rationalities. Employing normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, the study analyzes the architecture of criminalization and sentencing embedded in the new Code as an integrated system of penal governance. The analysis reveals that although the Penal Code introduces clearer structures, explicit sentencing purposes, and diversified sanctioning mechanisms, these reforms do not substantially alter the state-centered orientation of criminal law. Patterns of expansive criminalization, broad protection of state interests, and flexible sentencing rationales continue to normalize penal intervention as a primary tool of social regulation. Consequently, modernization within the new Penal Code operates largely at the formal and symbolic level, while the underlying paradigm of criminal policy remains oriented toward the consolidation rather than the limitation of punitive state power.
Narrative Closure in Honor Killing Cases: How Judgments Stabilise Meaning, Eliminate Ambiguity, and Produce Sentencing Certainty Zul Khaidir Kadir
Punggawa Law Review Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Punggawa Law Review
Publisher : Punggawa Legacy Center

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Abstract

Honour killing judgments were often read as straightforward applications of homicide doctrine, yet the written reasons frequently performed additional work by stabilising contested meanings. This article examined how criminal courts produced narrative closure in honour killing cases by narrowing interpretive possibilities, fixing causal chains, and translating a settled story into sentencing certainty. A qualitative judicial decision analysis was conducted using a structured protocol that segmented judgments into factual narrative, evidentiary assessment, legal qualification, and sentencing reasons, then mapped closure across causal, moral, evidentiary, and sentencing dimensions. The analysis found that judgments commonly elevated a reputational “trigger” into the dominant cause, embedded respectability scripts that redistributed moral weight, and constructed credibility hierarchies that converted honour claims into neutral-seeming facts. These moves frequently enabled mitigation drift, in which honour-based frames softened perceived agency without explicit doctrinal endorsement. The study concluded that relevance boundaries in judicial reason-giving were necessary to prevent honour narratives from operating as implicit excuses while preserving their probative value for planning, coercive control, and collective enforcement.
Mapping Recorded Homicide in Indonesia: An Ecological Criminological Analysis Using BPS Data Zul Khaidir Kadir
Punggawa Law Review Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): Punggawa Law Review
Publisher : Punggawa Legacy Center

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Abstract

This article maps recorded homicide in Indonesia using BPS-based crime statistics and interprets its territorial visibility through ecological criminology. Rather than treating homicide only as an individual criminal act or as a doctrinal problem of criminal law, the article examines how officially recorded lethal violence appears across national, provincial, village-level, and police-region data. The study uses a descriptive ecological criminological design based on Statistik Kriminal 2024/2025. The findings show that recorded homicide declined slightly from 1,129 incidents in 2023 to 1,106 incidents in 2024. Podes-based territorial data show that the percentage of villages or urban villages with homicide incidents in 2024 ranged from 0.18 percent to 1.87 percent, with the highest percentages in DKI Jakarta, Papua Selatan, and Papua Tengah, and the lowest in Aceh, Kalimantan Utara, and Bali. As a supporting comparison, police-region data on crimes against life show the highest burden in Jawa Timur, Sumatera Utara, and Papua. The article argues that these data should be interpreted as indicators of official visibility and territorial burden, not as direct measures of individual criminality or causal explanation. By linking BPS data with ecological criminological theory, the article contributes to Indonesian homicide studies by offering a disciplined descriptive mapping of recorded homicide while clarifying the methodological limits of official statistics.
Teori Labeling dalam Perspektif Kebijakan Kriminal : Strategi Dekriminalisasi untuk Menghentikan Siklus Stigma Sosial Zul Khaidir Kadir
Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial Politik Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Februari: Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial Politik
Publisher : International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/jhsp-widyakarya.v3i1.4636

Abstract

Labeling theory provides a critical perspective on the criminal justice system that tends to reinforce criminal identities through formal labeling. Unfortunately, criminal policies that are ideally designed to manage crime and maintain social stability often result in negative impacts such as stigmatization. This study explores the integration of labeling theory and decriminalization as a more inclusive and social justice-based criminal policy approach. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that decriminalization prevents formal labeling that is the root of the cycle of social stigma. In addition, decriminalization provides opportunities for individuals to remain integrated into society, increases their access to health services and rehabilitation programs, and creates more inclusive social conditions. However, the success of decriminalization depends heavily on the government's ability to overcome various inherent challenges, including cultural resistance, concerns about policy abuse, and limited supporting infrastructure.
Doktrin Provokasi Heat Of Passion Dan Diskresi Pemidanaan Dalam Perkara Pembunuhan Demi Kehormatan (Honor Killing) Zul Khaidir Kadir
SciNusa: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora Vol. 2 No. 01 (2026): SciNusa: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora
Publisher : SciNusa: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora

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Abstract

Pengurangan kesalahan melalui provokasi (heat of passion) dirancang sebagai pengecualian yang ketat, sedangkan diskresi pemidanaan seharusnya berjalan melalui alasan yang dapat diuji. Namun, arsitektur doktrin provokasi dan praktik diskresi menyisakan ruang yang memungkinkan pelunakan pidana pada honor killing melalui pembingkaian emosi, rasa malu publik, dan tekanan komunitas sebagai alasan yang tampak manusiawi, sementara struktur kontrol atas korban tertutup oleh narasi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi mekanisme “pintu belakang” pelunakan pada tiga elemen provokasi “mendadak”, “kehilangan kontrol”, dan “orang wajar” serta merumuskan batas normatif dan ambang pembuktian agar provokasi tidak berfungsi sebagai kanal pembenaran. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual, berbasis studi kepustakaan, dan dianalisis secara kualitatif-doktrinal. Hasil penelitian merumuskan pembedaan operasional antara spontanitas psikologis dan rasionalitas sosial pemulihan reputasi, lalu mengusulkan aturan penyaring yang menolak klaim provokasi bila terdapat perencanaan, rapat keluarga, alokasi peran, persiapan sarana, atau orientasi reputasi publik. Pada pemidanaan, penelitian menggeser pusat penilaian dari intensitas emosi ke kontrol, dominasi, dan kerentanan korban, serta merumuskan desain alasan putusan yang memisahkan motif sebagai latar faktual dari alasan meringankan.
GRADASI PEMBUNUHAN DALAM TRADISI COMMON LAW DAN CIVIL LAW: MENS REA, PEMBELAAN PARSIAL, DAN PROPORSIONALITAS Zul Khaidir Kadir
NETIZEN: JOURNAL OF SOCIETY AND BUSSINESS Vol. 2 No. 7 (2026): NETIZEN
Publisher : CV. ADIBA AISHA AMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20577394

Abstract

This article examines how different legal traditions construct degrees of liability in homicide through the relationship between mens rea, culpability, legal grade, and punishment. It focuses on the distinction between murder and manslaughter, and on how provocation, diminished responsibility, recklessness, felony murder, and constructive murder shape the boundaries between homicide grades. The study employs doctrinal-comparative analysis and functional comparison by examining common law and civil law traditions through selected illustrative jurisdictions, namely England and Wales, the United States, Canada, Australia, Germany, and France. The findings show that the central problem in homicide grading lies in the instability between degree of fault, legal label, and penal consequence. Partial defences may prevent murder from operating too rigidly, yet they may also produce under-labelling when mitigation is overly broad or excessively offender-centred. Conversely, felony murder, constructive murder, and extreme recklessness may generate over-labelling when the fatal result or the context of the underlying offence substitutes for a specific assessment of the defendant’s mental state toward death. The article implies that a proportionate homicide system must punish lethal violence seriously while preserving meaningful distinctions between levels of culpability.
Celah Hukum dalam Sistem Pengelolaan Limbah di Indonesia: Perspektif Green Criminology Nur Fadhilah Mappaselleng; Zul Khaidir Kadir
Bina Hukum Lingkungan Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Bina Hukum Lingkungan, Volume 10, Nomor 3, Juni 2026
Publisher : Asosiasi Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia (PHLI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24970/bhl.v10i3.483

Abstract

ABSTRAKUndang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup mewajibkan negara menjamin sistem pengelolaan limbah yang melindungi keberlanjutan ekosistem. Namun, kajian yang ada masih lebih banyak berfokus pada implementasi dan penegakan hukum, sehingga belum memadai untuk menjelaskan bagaimana struktur hukum di Indonesia justru menyisakan celah regulasi yang memungkinkan berlangsungnya praktik destruktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dua bentuk utama celah hukum dalam sistem pengelolaan limbah, yaitu ambiguitas dalam klasifikasi limbah dan fragmentasi kelembagaan dalam pengawasan, serta menganalisisnya melalui pendekatan kriminologi hijau. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dalam perspektif green criminology untuk menjelaskn sejauh mana bahaya ekologi dapat terjadi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur hukum yang longgar dan prosedural tidak mampu menandai batas teknis antara limbah berbahaya dan bahan baku industri, serta gagal menciptakan sistem pengawasan yang terkoordinasi lintas institusi. Dalam kondisi ini, kejahatan lingkungan tidak dilakukan melalui pelanggaran eksplisit, melainkan berlangsung melalui mekanisme legal yang disediakan oleh desain regulasi. Pendekatan green criminology menegaskan bahwa negara bertindak sebagai fasilitator impunitas ekologis melalui hukum yang permisif terhadap tekanan ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, reformulasi struktural terhadap orientasi hukum menjadi prasyarat untuk membatasi kerusakan ekologis yang berlangsung sebagai bentuk kekerasan terstruktur dan dilegitimasi secara hukum.Kata kunci: celah hukum; green criminology; pengelolaan limbah. ABSTRACTLaw Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management obliges the state to ensure a waste management system that protects ecological sustainability. However, existing studies still focus more on implementation and law enforcement, and are therefore not yet sufficient to explain how Indonesia’s legal structure itself leaves regulatory loopholes that allow destructive practices to persist. This study aims to identify two main forms of legal loopholes in the waste management system, namely ambiguity in waste classification and institutional fragmentation in supervision, and to analyse them through a green criminology approach. This research employs a normative legal method with a conceptual approach from the perspective of green criminology to explain the extent to which ecological harm may occur. The findings show that a loose and procedural legal structure is unable to define the technical boundary between hazardous waste and industrial raw materials, while also failing to establish a coordinated system of supervision across institutions. Under these conditions, environmental crime does not occur through explicit violations, but rather through legal mechanisms enabled by regulatory design. From a green criminology perspective, the state acts as a facilitator of ecological impunity through laws that remain permissive toward economic pressures. Therefore, a structural reformulation of legal orientation is required as a prerequisite for limiting ecological harm that persists as a form of structured violence legitimated by law.Keywords: green criminology; regulatory loophole; waste governance.
Kehormatan sebagai Motif: Narasi Yudisial dan Pertanggungjawaban Pidana dalam Kasus Pembunuhan Kehormatan Qandeel Baloch Zul Khaidir Kadir
Jejak digital: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 2 No. 4 (2026): JUNI-JULI
Publisher : INDO PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63822/0062cr38

Abstract

The murder of Qandeel Baloch is often discussed as a symbol of honor-based violence in Pakistan, yet limited attention has been given to how courts formulate and evaluate honor as motive within criminal proof. This article aims to examine how honor operates in judicial narrative, criminal liability, and evidentiary sufficiency in the Qandeel Baloch case. It adopts a normative-doctrinal legal method through textual analysis of the 2019 judgment of the Additional Sessions Judge, Multan, the 2022 appellate ruling of the Lahore High Court, relevant provisions of the Pakistan Penal Code, and the Criminal Law (Amendment) (Offences in the Name or Pretext of Honor) Act 2016. The study finds that honor did not function as an autonomous basis of criminal liability. At trial, honor helped the court characterize the killing as intentional and sufficiently serious to warrant punishment despite familial forgiveness. Its legal force, however, weakened once the confession and supporting evidentiary basis were challenged on appeal. The case demonstrates that a socially persuasive honor narrative must remain subject to evidentiary discipline, individualized culpability, and a clear distinction between social context and legal proof.
Konsentrasi Pembunuhan pada Lokasi Mikro: Analisis Kriminologi Komparatif atas Risiko Kematian di Berbagai Kawasan Dunia Zul Khaidir Kadir
Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI) Vol 4, No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20604599

Abstract

This article examines the spatial concentration of homicide at micro-places across world regions by treating lethal risk as a problem of place, governance, and data quality. Homicide rates per 100,000 population remain useful for comparing the burden of violence across territories, but they do not explain why deaths repeatedly occur in particular small locations. Such risk may appear on street segments, transport nodes, night-time economy sites, markets, parking areas, or private spaces such as the home. Using a place-based comparative analytical design, the article explores how place characteristics, environmental risk, and spatial governance shape homicide hot spots. Homicide concentration does not emerge from places that are inherently dangerous. Risk is produced when recurring conflict intersects with weak guardianship, poor visibility, accessible escape routes, weapon availability, and delayed assistance. Cross-regional comparison suggests that these mechanisms operate unevenly. In some cities, hot spots are tied to territorial control and illegal assets. In others, lethal risk is more closely linked to night-time economies, informal urban spaces, closed domestic relations, or imprecise location recording. The article contributes to comparative homicide studies by moving beyond aggregate rates and by linking micro-place dynamics to urban governance and regional variation. Micro-places are treated as event sites, cities as arenas of surveillance and service delivery, and world regions as settings where lethal risk is recorded, governed, displaced, or allowed to persist in different ways.
Dari Fiksi Resmi ke Rekonstruksi Peradilan: Analisis Narasi Yudisial Perbandingan Perkara Ferdy Sambo dan Laquan McDonald Zul Khaidir Kadir
MERDEKA : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 3 No. 5 (2026): Juni
Publisher : PT PUBLIKASI INSPIRASI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62017/merdeka.v3i5.7772

Abstract

Peralihan dari official fiction ke rekonstruksi yudisial tampak jelas dalam perkara Ferdy Sambo di Indonesia dan Laquan McDonald di Amerika Serikat. Yang dipersoalkan tidak hanya hasil akhir putusan atau terpenuhinya unsur delik, tetapi juga bagaimana cerita resmi mula-mula dipercaya, bukti apa yang merusaknya, dan bagaimana fakta hukum kemudian dirumuskan ulang oleh pengadilan. Dalam perkara Sambo, kepercayaan awal bertumpu pada kendali internal atas ruang kejadian, personel, dan arus informasi. Dalam perkara Laquan McDonald, kepercayaan itu bertumpu pada laporan ancaman dalam bentuk administratif kepolisian. Dasar tersebut pecah ketika disruptive evidence muncul dan tidak lagi dapat dimasukkan ke dalam cerita awal karena inti penjelasannya rusak serta urutan kredibilitas ikut berubah. Dalam Sambo, pemutusan itu terbentuk melalui akumulasi bukti. Dalam Laquan McDonald, pemutusan bertumpu pada satu bukti jangkar lalu diperkuat oleh kontradiksi administratif yang serius. Sesudah itu, pengadilan tidak hanya menolak cerita resmi, tetapi juga menyusun ulang urutan kejadian dan dasar pertanggungjawaban pidana. Dari dua perkara ini terlihat bahwa sengketa pidana yang melibatkan aparat negara sering lebih dahulu menjadi sengketa tentang siapa yang berhak menentukan fakta, sebelum berubah menjadi sengketa tentang pertanggungjawaban pidana.
Co-Authors Ahmad, Abd. Kadir Kadir, Nadiah Khaeriah Mappaselleng, Nur Fadhilah Muhammad Basri Muhni, Afif Nadiah Khaeriah Kadir Normiati, Normiati Nur Fadhilah Mappaselleng Nur Fadhilah Mappaselleng Nur Fadhilah Mappaselleng