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All Journal Jambi Medical Journal : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Biomedika Universa Medicina Paediatrica Indonesiana Indonesian Journal of Medicine Journal Orthopaedi and Traumatology Surabaya (JOINTS) Indonesian Journal of Cancer Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences
Idulhaq, Mujaddid
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and their secretome: a new frontier in orthopedic medicine Sumarwoto, Tito; Romaniyanto; Rhamtomy, Sholahuddin; Idulhaq, Mujaddid; Santoso, Asep
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.135-152

Abstract

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have gained significant attention in regenerative medicine due to their unique biological properties, including high proliferation capacity, low immunogenicity, and potent immunomodulatory effects. These characteristics make UC-MSCs particularly promising for orthopedic applications, where the repair and regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues such as bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and nerves are critical for restoring function. The secretome of UC-MSCs—comprising bioactive molecules such as exosomes, cytokines, and growth factors—offers a powerful, cell-free therapeutic option through paracrine signaling, further enhancing their therapeutic potential. A literature search was conducted in major databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Google Scholar) for English articles from 2010–2025 using keywords related to UC‑MSCs and orthopedic regeneration. This review explores the role of UC-MSCs and their secretome in orthopedic tissue repair, focusing on their application in bone healing, cartilage regeneration, tendon-ligament repair, and nerve regeneration with their innovative delivery. Despite the promising potential of UC-MSC therapies, several challenges remain, including regulatory hurdles, long-term safety concerns, and the scalability of cell-based and secretome-based therapies for widespread clinical use. Although umbilical cord MSCs are not yet widely applied in clinical practice, increasing evidence suggests that they offer significant therapeutic potential, especially in the treatment of autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. The UC-MSCs and their secretome represent a transformative approach in orthopedics, offering new avenues for treating complex musculoskeletal injuries and degenerative diseases. Ongoing advancements in this field will likely unlock their full potential, making them viable options for clinical use in the near future.
Co-Authors Agus Wahyudi Andryanto, Aryo Budiyogo Brian Wasita Brilianto, Bagus Iman Gardjito, Fajar Baskoro Hadinoto, Seti Aji Harsono Salimo Heri Suroto Jiwandono, Bayu Sakti Muhammad Riza Nursulistyo, Fajar Rhamtomy, Sholahuddin Rhatomy, Sholahudin Riyadli, Muhammad Romaniyanto Sabariyah, Lely Santoso, Asep Saputra, Rhyan Darma Satriadi, Anung Budi Satyaksa, Khrisna Purwa Soestrisno, Soestrisno Sumarwoto, Tito Tulandi, M qathar RF Tulandi Utomo, Pamudji Vitri Widyaningsih Wayanshakty, Janur Wiranegara, Tanri Hadinata Zahidah, Fairuz