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WHY WOMEN INVOLVEMENT IN MAKING ONLINE LEARNING POLICIES FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IS MINIMAL? Akbar, Moh. Rifaldi; Zahra, Fina; Sukmawati, Dian; Kristina, Dina; Suciati, Titis Nurwulan
Marwah: Jurnal Perempuan, Agama dan Jender Vol 24, No 2 (2025): MARWAH
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/marwah.v24i2.33164

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic reshaped schooling by shifting educational responsibilities from classrooms to homes, placing a concentrated load on women. In the suburban areas of Bekasi, Greater Jakarta, mothers and older sisters became the primary supervisors of elementary school children’s online learning while managing everyday household demands. Yet, thier experiences and insights rarely appear in regional education policies. This research examines how women handled the intensified tasks of supporting elementary-level online learning and explores the factors that limit their involvement in policy discussions. Elementary students were selected because their learning requires close and continuous supervision. Using a qualitative design, the research draws on focus group discussions and in-depth semi-structured interviews, followed by a three-stage coding analysis. The findings identify three key factors shaping women’s limited policymaking presence. (1) Ideological factors stem from persistent assumptions that public decision-making is not a women’s domain. (2) Internal factors arise from tensions and emotional demands within the household. (3) External factors include social expectations and institutional arrangements that expand women’s physical and mental workload. By documenting these layered pressures, the study demonstrates how women become the primary actors sustaining emergency education while remaining structurally sidelined from policy arenas. The analysis offers empirical insight into the gendered dynamics of home-based schooling in suburban Global South contexts.
Virtual Court Communication Implementation: Studies on the Implementation of Online Criminal Trials in Courts Aan Widodo; Slamet Pribadi; Wa Ode Sitti Nurhaliza; Moh. Rifaldi Akbar
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 1 (2024): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v22i2.3516

Abstract

Communication in law enforcement that was previously conducted face-to-face is now transformed into electronic-based trials through the support of technology and the internet. Various problems arose during this trial process, specifically regarding infrastructure support, digital literacy, and user technology which are still unequal. This study aims to describe Virtual Trials in Courts from a communication perspective through queries on: (1) how virtual trials are carried out in court, and (2) what are the law enforcement’s challenges in implementing online trials in the Bekasi regency. Researchers conducted interviews with 6 informants, carried out online data searches, and made observations. The results of this study show that the implementation of virtual trials at the Bekasi Regency District Court is a form of supporting an affordable, fast, and simple justice system for the community through media conferences. For the law enforcers, virtual trials have advantages and disadvantages in implementation. The advantages of virtual trials are a form of innovation in the justice system that allows the parties involved in trials without having to be physically present in the courtroom, so there is no need for additional costs. While the weaknesses of virtual trials are related to (1) the validity of examining material or evidence in court, which could not be conducted directly, and(2) the inability of thorough information interpretation due to network constraints. Trial implementation has several limitations as challenges to effective trial implementation, including technology and infrastructure limitations, accessibility limitations, limited interaction between the parties involved, data security limitations, and limited supervision.