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All Journal ASPIRATOR Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan : Publikasi Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas SRIWIJAYA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Jurnal Kesehatan Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Jurnal Bahana Kesehatan Masyarakat (Bahana of Journal Public Health) Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research

Anwar, Chairil

Departemen Parasitologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Author-ID : 1236539

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Investigasi resistensi Anopheles sp. terhadap insektisida piretroid dan kemungkinan terjadinya mutasi gen voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) Didid Haryanto; Dalilah Dalilah; Chairil Anwar; Gita Dwi Prasasti; Dwi Handayani; Ahmad Ghiffari
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 15 No 3 (2018): November
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.15.3.134

Extensive and continuous use of pyrethroid insecticides to prevent the transmission of malaria can lead to mutations in the voltage gate sodium channel gene (VGSC) in mosquito vectors. This gene mutation associated with insensitivity pyrethroid is known as knockdown resistance (kdr). The emergence of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in vector mosquitoes can be a barrier to the successful termination of malaria transmission. Therefore, detection of mutation is necessary to prevent the resistency from build up. The aim of the study was to determine the resistance status of pyrethroid insecticides and identify mutations in the VGSC gene codon 1014 marker for resistance to Anopheles sp. which is a malaria vector in South Sumatra Province. Samples were taken from three districts in South Sumatra: Muara Enim, OKU, and Lahat. The susceptibility enzymatic test of pyrethroid insecticide (permethrin 0.75%) was preliminarily carried out according to WHO 2016 standard on Anopheles vagus Dí¶nitz species. Identification of VGSC gene mutation was performed on all An. vagus that were previously tested for susceptibility and on An. barbirostris van der Wulp species using seminested-PCR and followed by sequencing. The result showed that samples from Muara Enim regency had resistance, whereas in Lahat and OKU regencies were still susceptible to permethrin. From the sequence analysis it is shown that there are no change in DNA kdr bases in VGSC gene insecticide target sites from all regencies. In conclusion, based on molecular studies, there were no pyrethroid insecticide resistance in South Sumatra Province.

Keanekaragaman dan perilaku menggigit nyamuk sebagai vektor potensial filariasis di Kabupaten Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan Rini Pratiwi; Chairil Anwar; Salni Salni; Hermansyah Hermansyah; Novrikasari Novrikasari
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 16 No 2 (2019): July
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Filariasis is a chronic infectious disease caused by filarial worms and transmitted by various types of mosquitoes such as Mansonia, Anopheles, Culex, Aedes, and Armigeres. This study aims to determine the diversity and biting behavior of mosquito species as the potential vector of filariasis transmission in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera. The research was conducted for 12 hours from 18.00 to 06.00 with human landing collection method and animal biting trap in December 2016. The results showed that the mosquito diversity in the studied area was high with 16 species of mosquitoes successfully identified in which Ma. uniformis (47.28%), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (23.89%) and Cx. vishnui (14.48%) were the most dominant mosquitoes collected. The result also showed that the biting behaviour of Ma. uniformis was found to be more active outdoors than indoor with man biting rate (MBR) of 100,50 mosquitoes per night and man hour density (MHD) of 11,90 which was the highest of all captured species. Further parity rate analysis supported the collecting result by showing the estimated age of Ma. uniformis population which was 31.8 days and positively confirmed M. uniformis as a vector of filariasis transmission

Pengaruh Faktor Sanitasi terhadap Kejadian Pedikulosis Kapitis di Panti Asuhan Kota Palembang Nova Tria; Chairil Anwar; Rico Januar Sitorus
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 4, No 2: Agustus 2019
Publisher : Master of Epidemiology, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Background: Pedikulosis capitis is the most common ectoparasitosis in the whole world. This disease is endemic globally in developed and developing countries that have tropical and subtropical climates head lice are obligate blood-sucking which has the potential to cause anemia. Itching caused by flea saliva can cause children to have difficulty sleeping, disrupt the concentration of learning, resulting in a decrease in achievement at school. The spread of pediculosis is supported by the fact that this disease is more often diagnosed in children from dysfunctional families, orphanages and special schools that live in dormitories. This study aims were to analyze the correlation between sanitation factor to the incident of pediculosis capitis.Methods: An analitycal observational study was conducted with a cross sectional design on January 2019. There were 382 samples that had inclusion dan exclusion criteria. Data collected from anamnesis questionnaires and hair examinations of respondents. The result were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression.Result: 160 respondents (41,9%) had been found positif pediculosis capitis. Statistical test showed that humidity factor had significant association to the incident of pediculosis capitis (p=0.000) and OR= 2.210.Conclusion : Children who lived in rooms with range of humidity 70-90% had 2 times the chance to suffer pediculosis capitis compared to children who lived in outside the range

Determinan Kadar Cluster Diferensiasi 4 (CD4) pada Orang dengan HIV/AIDS Rico Januar Sitorus; Chairil Anwar; Imelda Purba; Merry Natalia
Jurnal Kesehatan Vol 12, No 1 (2021): Jurnal Kesehatan
Publisher : Politeknik Kesehatan Tanjung Karang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26630/jk.v12i1.2423

AIDS which is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is a global health crisis, with differentiated cluster 4 (CD4) cells being the main target so that it can affect the high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to determine the determinants that affect CD4 levels in people with HIV/AIDS. The study population was all people with HIV/AIDS in care, support, and treatment (CST) services in Palembang City with a sample size of 118. The sampling technique was carried out using nonrandom, namely purposive sampling. Samples were taken when respondents took antiretroviral (ARV) treatment at a health facility. The research instrument used a structured questionnaire and medical records. To measure the determinant (independent variable) was done by interview, while to determine the CD4 count using data that has been recorded in the Medical Record. The results are the length of treatment was a factor that could reduce the risk of low CD4 levels in people with HIV/AIDS, with p-value=0,006; ORAdj 0,286 (0,117-0,697), whereas stigma and treatment side effects were proven as confounding variables. Increasing the CD4 in people living with HIV/AIDS requires appropriate and regular treatment. Regular treatment with a duration of therapy of more than 1 year has been shown to prevent low CD4 cells. The higher the CD4 cell count in people living with HIV/AIDS, the greater the chance of controlling opportunistic infections, reducing transmission and premature death. People with HIV/AIDS are advised to take regular medication at available health facilities and take medication regularly.

Papaya Leaf (Carica papaya L.) Active Fraction Effective as Bioinsectiside Against Anopheles species (Diptera: Culicidae) Larva Invitro Study Chairil Anwar; Febriyanto Febriyanto; Dalilah Dalilah
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 2 No. 1 (2018): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bsm.v2i1.15

ABSTRACT Malaria is one of the spread-disease that become a global public health problem included Indonesia. One of the controlling approach of vector-borne disease is by avoiding direct contact of human and mosquitoes. Natural insecticide is an alternative method that can be used. Carica papaya L. is one of the natural insecticide because contains of alkaloid, flavonoid and saponin. This research was aimed to determine the activity of active fraction. was a quasi-experiment research with post test only group design. This research was conducted in April â€“ June 2017. Extraction and fractination was performed in laboratory of MIPA Biologi of Sriwijaya University. The experiment was performed in laboratory of Entomologi Baturaja. The sample of the research was Anopheles sp. larva instar III and IV. Larvacide test used 6 different concentrations which was 0,125%, 0,25%, 0,5%, 1,0% and 2,0% with aquadest as a control. Anova test and post hoc analysis with SPSS 22 software. The result of efficacy test to Anopheles sp. larva showed that N-hexan was the fraction with highest larvacide ability that kill 95% larva at 2% concentration level. Thin layer chromatography test showed a compound of Terpenoid. Activity test of active fraction N-heksan of papaya leaf with the highest mortality rate 92,5% and the lowest 46,25%. LC50 fraction N-heksan of papaya leaf was high toxicity at 24 hours of observation. Anova test showed there was significant influence and difference of various concentration of active fraction of papaya leaf to the mortality of Anopheles sp. larva with p value < Î± (0,00<0,05). Key words : Anopheles sp. larva, N-hexan fraction of papaya leaf, larvacide

The Relationship Between Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) Infection and Nutritional Status in Students of State Elementary School Number (SDN) 200 Palembang Indonesia Chairil Anwar; Saraswati Annisa; Dalilah Dalilah; Novrikasari Novrikasari
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 2 No. 2 (2018): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bsm.v2i2.39

Infection of Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) is caused by intestinal nematodes where as in its life cycle, soil is needed as the media for the eggs or larvae to mature into effective forms, most commonly happen to children of school age. This infection is still one of the main problems in public health, including Indonesia. STH infection are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. Lack of personal hygiene, poor environmental sanitation and low socioeconomic status are some factors that plays role in increasing the occurrence of the infection. This infection is also one of the causes responsible for malnutrition in children by decreasing appetite and food intake thus ensued adverse consequences such as declining growth pace, impairment of physical health, and weakening cognitive function. This study was conducted to analyze the association of STH infection with nutritional status of SDN 200 students in Kertapati District, Palembang. This study was an analytic observational research with a cross sectional research design. Samples consist of 107 students chosen using proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected by direct interview using questionnaires, measuring body weight and height to obtain nutritional status which then classified using CDC 2000 growth curve while fecal contamination was examined using Kato Katz and modified Harada Mori methode in the Laboratory of Parasitology Medical Faculty of Universitas Sriwijaya. Data then analyzed using Chi-square test. From 107 students, 27.1% infection of STH was found on 29 students with 6 students (20.7%) infected by A. lumbricoides and 23 students (79.3%) infected by T. trichiura. Proportion of malnutrition status was found at 43.9%. Statistical test showed a significant association between STH infection and nutritional status (p=0.036; OR=3.167; Cl 95%: 1.163-15.237). There was a significant association between STH infection and nutritional status in students of SDN 200 Kelurahan Kemas Rindo Kertapati District Palembang City.

The Efficacy of Red Ginger Fraction (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. rubrum) as Insecticidal Aedes aegypti Chairil Anwar; KM Yahya Syukur; Dalilah Dalilah; Salni Salni; Novrikasari Novrikasari
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 2 No. 2 (2018): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bsm.v2i2.40

Aedes aegypti is a vector of Dengue Hemoragic Fever. The use of synthetic chemical insecticide is the most common way to control Ae. aegypti. However, since it can cause resistency if it is used in a wide scale with high frequency and continously, it requires an alternative way. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. rubrum) is one of natural insecticide which is safe to be used to control Ae. aegypti. This research aims was to determine the activity of active fraction of red ginger to mortality of Ae. aegypti. It was a quasi-experiment research with post test only control design. Twenty Ae. aegypti Liverpool strain were the sample of this research with 5 concentration for each and 4 times repetition. The result showed that concentration 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5% causing mortality percentage of 32.5%, 33.8%, 51.3%, 58.8% and 65.0% respectively. One way Anova test showed p-value < alpha ± (0.00 < 0.05). It was concluded that there was a significant difference of various concentration of active fraction n-heksan of red ginger extract to the mortality of Ae. aegypti. The lethal concentration (LC50) was 2.409%. It was suggested to continue this research with reppellant or bio-assay test method. Key words: Toxicity, extract, fraction, Aedes aegypti, Insecticidal

Association of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Cleaning Service with the Amount of Mosquito Larvae in Water Container At Bhayangkara Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia Chairil Anwar; Putri Arini; Husnil Farouk; Novrikasari Novrikasari
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 2 No. 2 (2018): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bsm.v2i2.50

Bacgkround: Efforts in the eradication of mosquito breeding have been done, but have not shown maximum results due to lack of community participation caused by several factors, such as lack of knowledge, attitude and practice that are considered to play important role in reducing the incidence of vector-borne diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. This study aimed was to determine the relationship of knowledge, attitude and practice of cleaning services with the amount of mosquito larvae at water container around Bhayangkara Hospital Palembang. Populations in this study were 25 cleaning services in Bhayangkara Hospital Palembang. Methods: Samples in this study were all populations taken by using total sampling technique. Data included the number and types of water containers, the number and species of mosquito larvae found in the water containers, and data of knowledge, attitude and practice of cleaning services. The results were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis statistic test. Results: There were 75 water containers, 63 water containers were indoors, one of them contains larvae, and 12 water containers were outdoors, the type of two outdoors water containers that contained larvae were plastic buckets. Total larvae that found were 16 larvae of Aedes aegypti. Based on Kruskal-Wallis statistic test, there was no average difference between the number of mosquito larvae based on knowledge with p>alpha± (0.072>0.05), and there was an average difference between the number of mosquito larvae based on attitudewith p<alpha± (0.006>0.05) and practice with p<alpha± (0.019<0.05). Conclusion: There was a negative association between attitude and practice against the number of mosquito larvae, but not with knowledge.

The Influence of Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior of Cleaning Officers with the Number of Mosquito Larvae in the Water Reservoir Punti Kayu Palembang City Aldi Alfian; Chairil Anwar; Iche Andriyani Liberty
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 5 No. 3 (2021): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bsm.v5i3.217

Background Mosquito was one of the animals that can transmit deadly diseases.Information about water reservoirs as their habitat as well as human knowledge,attitudes and behavior factors are considered important to help eradicate mosquito.This study aims to determine the effect of knowledge, attitudes and behavior ofcleaners on the number of mosquito larvae in water reservoirs in Palembang.Methods This research was mixed method research (quantitative and qualitative) inthe field and laboratory. The research samples were all mosquito larvae andcontainers found. The research respondents were all cleaning services. Data werecollected by interviewing and filling in questionnaires, observing water reservoirsand identifying the types of mosquito larvae in microscope. Results A total of 40containers were found in Punti Kayu Nature Park. There were 8 containers that wereindoors (20%) and 32 containers were outdoors (80%) with 17 containers containedlarvae. Of all the containers that were positive for larvae, 6 were filled with clearwater and 11 were filled with turbid water. The number of larvae found were 358larvae outdoors and 82 larvae indoor with a total of 440 mosquito larvae with thegenus Culex spp. and Aedes albopictus species. The index of mosquito larvae wereobtained FLI (Free Larva index)=66,67%, HI (House Index)=33,33%, CI (ContainerIndex)=16,67%, BI (Breteau Index)=33.33% from the 3 buildings examined. Fromthese results, it was obtained DF (density figure) or density level of 5. There were 40containers that could be habitats for Culex spp. and Aedes albopictus. ConclusionThe knowledge, attitude and behavior of the cleaning services were good. Thenumber of mosquito larvae could be influenced by the frequency of cleaning and thelack of knowledge of the cleaning services.

Relationship of Food Leftover with Covid-19 Inpatients Recovery Speed in Palembang Indonesia Devi Eryanti; Chairil Anwar; Yuanita Windusari; Ramzi Amin; Ahmad Ghiffari
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 5 No. 12 (2021): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bsm.v5i4.377

Background : Hospital nutrition services support the patient's recovery process, which the activity is feeding. One indicator of quality in food service is food leftover. The high food waste can affect the patient's health. The high food waste will pose a risk of malnutrition in hospitalized patients. The study aimed to analyze the food leftovers in COVID-19 inpatients at the Palembang referral hospital.Methods : This cross-sectional quantitative descriptive study was with a sample of 112 patients selected by purposive sampling in February-May 2021. Data were taken using the Comstock form and then translated in the form of percent leftover food. According to the Minister of Health, the minimum leftover food is less than 25 percent.Results : The results showed that more than 25 percent of the leftover food were 51 respondents; Thirty-three respondents (54.1%) have fully recovered and 28 respondents (45.9%) still in improvement. On the other hand, the leftovers food of less than 25 percent were 51 respondents; Forty respondents (78.4%) have fully cured, and 11 people (21.6%) still in treatments. The analysis of Chi-square test results shows a p-value of 0.013, showing a significant relationship between food waste and the recovery of COVID-19 patients.Conclusion : The food waste of COVID-19 patients in referral hospitals was still relatively high. It is necessary to modify the diet menu to prevent leftovers and speed up the patient's recovery.

Co-Authors Ade Suryaman Ahmad Ghiffari Ahmad Giffari Aldi Alfian Dalilah Dalilah Dalilah Dalillah Dalillah Devi Eryanti Didid Haryanto Dwi Handayani Dwi Handayani Fadjar Siddiq Hidayatullah Fatmawati Febriana Ayu Shavira Febriyanto Febriyanto Gita Dwi Prasasti Gita Dwi Prasasti Gita Dwi Prasasty Hermansyah Humairo Fatimi Husnil Farouk Iche Andriyani Liberty Iche Andriyani Liberty, Iche Andriyani Imelda Purba Jhon Riswanda KM Yahya Syukur Lasbudi P Ambarita Leo Medianto Faziqin Merry Natalia Mohammad Zulkarnain Muhammad Irsan Saleh Nova Tria Novrikasari Novrikasari Novrikasari Novrikasari, Novrikasari Putri Arini Putri Dwi Romodhyanti Ramzi Amin, Ramzi Rico Januar Sitorus Rico Januar Sitorus Rico Januar Sitorus Rifka Purnama Sari Rini Pratiwi Salni Salni Salni Salni Saraswati Annisa Sulfa Esi Warni Sulfa Esi Warni Susilawati Susilawati Yuanita Windusari

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