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All Journal Al-Risalah : Jurnal Imu Syariah dan Hukum FITRAH:Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman SAMARAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam Al-'Adl KACANEGARA Jurnal Pengabdian pada Masyarakat TAHKIM Rausyan Fikr: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Ushuluddin dan Filsafat El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Media Syari'ah: Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial Al-Manhaj: Journal of Indonesian Islamic Family Law Al-Qadha: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Perundang-Undangan Al-Syakhshiyyah : Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam dan Kemanusiaan Mazahibuna: Jurnal Perbandingan Mazhab Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Rausyan Fikr: Jurnal Ilmu Studi Ushuluddin dan Filsafat Al-Mujtahid: Journal of Islamic Family Law Indonesian Journal of Shariah and Justice DIKTUM: JURNAL SYARIAH DAN HUKUM Majapahit Journal of Islamic Finance and Management Parewa Saraq: Journal of Islamic Law and Fatwa Review
Alimuddin, Harwis
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Between Ḍarūrah and Halal Integrity: MUI Fatwas on Harm-Derived Vaccines and Medicines Muhammad Amin, Abd. Rauf; Syatar, Abdul; Abubakar, Achmad; Kurniati, Kurniati; Alimuddin, Harwis
Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam Vol 8, No 2 (2024): Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam
Publisher : Islamic Family Law Department, Sharia and Law Faculty, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/sjhk.v8i2.8938

Abstract

This article aims to uncover emergency considerations in the halalness and hygiene of vaccines and medicines made from harm ingredients. This study is qualitative research using the darūrah concept approach by Wahbah al-Zuhailī. A darūrah approach to analyzing the needs of the Indonesian people for vaccinations and needed medicines. The data analyzed comes from literature and such as articles, books and the views of scholars. The results of the study found that in the MUI fatwa products on vaccination products and medicines there are different legal provisions, vaccines are considered halal and pure, which is very appropriate by considering the aspects of emergency in the teachings of Islamic law. Unlike the medicine made from pork gelatin, MUI forbids it because it is not included in istihālah. So that the MUI fatwa product has a significant influence in awakening Muslims in Indonesia to be careful in determining vaccines and medicines used. The implication is that the emergency consideration in terms of protecting the soul (hifẓ al-nafs) is personal for the perpetrators of vaccinations and medicines, their families, the wider community, and citizens of the world. This effort is the highest-level solution in terms of protecting the soul (hifẓ al-nafs) in maqāṣid sharī'ah terms. The hope of the fatwa is to try to provide a complex understanding to the public so that they believe that the raw materials of vaccine and medicine products are important to be considered halal and holy so that the public trusts all elements involved.  In this way, that people also feel legally confident about the drugs they are using because their legal status is clear.
The Livelihood Status of Career Woman in Indonesia: Revitalization of Tanqih al-Manat in Legal Reasoning Alimuddin, Harwis; Husain, Muhammad Zakir; Abubakar, Alyasa’
DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum Vol 21 No 2 (2023): DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Islam Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Parepare

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35905/diktum.v21i2.6324

Abstract

This research discusses the livelihood status of career women in view of Islamic law and it’s urgency in Indonesia, the epistemology of tanqih al-manat in legal reasoning, and how the application of tanqih al-manat in obligation of career woman livelihood. This research uses a qualitative approach in explaining, describing and analyzing the data and find out the results of the research. The data collection technique used is a literature study. The results of this research identify that being a career woman has become an urgent need in Indonesia, because if only men have careers it will cause an imbalance between the average income and a decent standard of living. The women have the right to work like men as long as the work requires it or she herself needs the work and the work is carried out with respect and obey the religious principles and goals. Tanqih al-manat is a method of filtering the right ‘illat from various possible properties. Through the filtering process of ‘illat, it was found that the proper ‘illat from the texts of the obligation to support livelihood is the husband's control and detention in the house so that she is unable to live independently. Therefore, this research concludes that career women do not have to be supported in livelihood by their husbands, because they are no longer confined to their homes and they are able to live independently.
Nusyuz and Domestic Violence in Indonesia: Reinterpreting Punishment Using the Ma'nâ al-Haml Method Harwis, Harwis; Djalal, Marini Abdul
Al-Qadha : Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Perundang-Undangan Vol 10 No 2 (2023): Al-Qadha: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Perundang-Undangan
Publisher : Hukum Keluarga Islam IAIN LANGSA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32505/qadha.v10i2.6698

Abstract

Tafsir and classical jurisprudence provide three stages of solutions for a nusyûz wife. Stages of advising, separating beds, and hitting. This interpretation of nusyûz and the solution to hitting is not appropriate to the current context, so it is necessary to expand the meaning with a ma'nâ al-haml approach. Ma'nâ al-haml is used by bringing the meaning of a pronunciation to a more relevant meaning in terms of conditions, time, and space. This research uses a qualitative approach in analyzing, explaining, describing, and revealing research results. Research conducted in libraries is the method utilized to gather data. This study looks at how nusyûz solutions are interpreted in traditional tafsir and fiqh literature. It then reinterprets them using the ma'nâ al-haml approach by considering the views of modern ulama.These interpretations are then analyzed for their relevance to the laws in force in Indonesia as conditions, space, and time for understanding the pronunciation of the text using the ma'nâ al-haml approach. This research concludes that nusyûz is not caused by the wife's disobedience but rather by her bad morals or the bad morals of her partner. Nusyuz can not only occur from the wife's side but can also occur from the husband's side. Therefore, with the ma'nâ al-haml approach, you need to introspect yourself when dealing with nusyûz issues before giving signals to your partner. The solution to a nusyûz partner is not by hitting them but by discussing and negotiating to find the best solution.
Requirements of Polygamy by Muhammad Shahrur and It’s Relevance to Indonesian Society Alimuddin, Harwis; Abbas, Abdul Haris; Amir, Indriyani; Syatar, Abdul
Media Syari'ah : Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial Vol 26, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Sharia and Law Faculty

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/jms.v26i1.22719

Abstract

Muhammad Shahrur has a different view about polygamy from other scholars. According to him, polygamy is only permitted for widows who have orphans. This condition applies to second, third and fourth wives. This requirement refers to the principle of protection for widows and the principle of justice towards orphans. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The data collection technique is a literature study by exploring various literature, both literature in the form of books and articles related to Muhammad Shahrur's thoughts. Likewise, it is related to the social conditions of Indonesian society, especially the phenomenon of polygamy in Indonesia. This research explores Muhahmmad Shahrur's opinion regarding the requirements for polygamy and looks at its relevance to social conditions in society. This research concludes that the conditions for polygamy expressed by Muhammad Shahrur are very relevant and can bring benefits if implemented and legislated into regulations in Indonesia. First, because polygamy regulations in Indonesia adhere to the principle of open monogamy. Second, polygamy can be a solution for widows and their orphaned children in Indonesia who face many problems. Third, polygamy is not prescribed to cause problems, but to provide solutions. Including solutions to social conditions in society.
ROSCOU POUND: HUKUM SEBAGAI ALAT REKAYASA SOSIAL (KETERHUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KAIDAH LA YUNKARU TAGAYYUR AL-AHKAM BI TAGAYYURI AZZAMAN) Yahya, M. Yusuf; Alimuddin, Harwis
Indonesian Journal of Shariah and Justice Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Program Studi Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Program Pascasarjana Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Ternate

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46339/ijsj.v2i2.22

Abstract

This study aims to reveal the relationship between Roscou Pound's thoughts and the rule of la yunkaru tagayyur al-ahkam bi tagayyuri azzaman. This study uses a qualitative approach in explaining, describing, and analyzing in-depth the research results. The data collection technique used is a literature study. This study concludes that the Roscue Pound theory; law is a tool of social engineering, contributes that the law is not imperative to society. Law is seen as having a role to change human behavior in accordance with the circumstances, and socio-cultural, dynamics of society. The law is not seen as a rigid, elastic law, this is also an emphasis on the rule of la but yunkaru taghayyur al-ahkam bi taghayyuri azzaman. Roscue Pound's theory also, Sociological Jurisprudence, has the same direction, that society has individual and collective roles in the implementation of applicable law. Positive law will only be effective if it is in harmony with the laws that live in society. Like Roscue Pound's theory, the theory in fiqh rules also opens up legal changes in society on the basis of differences in culture, different habits and customs.
PRAKTIK POLIGAMI TANPA IZIN DI BACAN TIMUR HALMAHERA SELATAN Coronas, Ahmad Abdullah; Sanmas, Abu; Umasugi, Nirwan; Harwis, Harwis; Abubakar, Fatum
Indonesian Journal of Shariah and Justice Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Program Studi Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Program Pascasarjana Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Ternate

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46339/ijsj.v3i1.48

Abstract

The practice of polygamy without a permit in the East Bacan District, South Halmahera Regency. This study aims to find the main issues that underlie the occurrence of the practice of polygamy without a permit in the East Bacan District, South Halmahera Regency. This study is field research. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research, namely a type of research that provides a systematic and factual description of situations and events regarding factors, characteristics and relationships between phenomena, with theoretical, normative and empirical juridical approaches. This study concluded that the implementation of polygamy without a permit in East Bacan District was carried out through cases of premarital pregnancy and coupled with low public awareness regarding the importance of marriage procedures. The limited budget and human resources owned by the East Bacan District KUA in conducting outreach to the people of East Bacan District have triggered the lack of attention from the Office of the Religious Affairs Office of Bacan District to minimize the incidence of polygamy without a permit in East Bacan District. The implementation of polygamy without a permit in East Bacan District had legal impacts, including the weak legal status of marriage, the absence of birth certificates for children born in polygamous marriages without permission.
Marriage Guardianship for Adopted Children in Akeguraci Village: A Perspective of Fiqh Munakahat Killian, Nursinita; Abubakar, Fatum; Jamil, Jamaliah; Harwis, Harwis
Al-Mujtahid: Journal of Islamic Family Law Vol 4, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : IAIN Manado

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30984/ajifl.v4i2.3222

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the practice of adoptive siblings acting as marriage guardians for adopted children in Akeguraci Village from the perspective of fiqh munakahat. A marriage guardian (wali) is one of the essential pillars of marriage; without a guardian, a marriage is deemed invalid, especially for individuals who have not yet reached the age of accountability (mukallaf). There are two types of marriage guardians: guardians by lineage (wali nasab) and judicial guardians (wali hakim). In Akeguraci Village, there is a case where the marriage guardian did not fulfill the essential requirements for guardianship. The guardian in this marriage was the biological son of the adoptive father. The mistake in the guardianship of the adopted child's marriage, performed by the adoptive sibling, occurred because the biological father refused to act as the guardian. This qualitative research collects field data through observation and interviews to uncover the practice of adoptive siblings acting as marriage guardians in Akeguraci Village. The findings reveal two main points: first, the practice of having the biological son of the adoptive father serve as the marriage guardian occurred because the biological father was unwilling to officiate the marriage, citing the child’s adoption at a young age as the reason. Second, from the perspective of fiqh munakahat, the marriage of an adopted child officiated by an adoptive sibling is invalid, as there is no lineage (nasab) relationship between the adopted child and the adoptive sibling.Al-Jaziri, A. (1996). Kitab al-Fiqh ’ala Madzahib al-’Arba’ah. Dar al-Fikr.Al-Qurthuby. (1993). Jami’ li Ahkam al-Qur’an. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.Anwar, M. (1990). Fiqih Islam Mu’amalah, Munakahat, Fara’id, dan Jinayah. Al-Ma’arif.Ar-Rifai, M. N. (2012). Ringkasan Tafsir Ibnu Katsir Jilid 3. Gema Insani.Assagaf, M. (2023). Pertimbangan Hakim pada Perkara Dispensasi Nikah di Lingkungan Pengadilan Agama Tutuyan. Al-Mujtahid: Journal of Islamic Family Law, 3(1), 36–50.Az-Zuhaili, W. (2011). Fiqih Islam wa Adillatuhu. Gema Insani Press.Dahlan, R., & Reza, A. (2022). Adoption of Children and Its Relationship With Guardianship in a Review of Islamic Law and Legislation in Indonesia (Case Study At the Palu Religious Court Class 1 a). Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Ekonomi Islam, 4(1), 1–23.Djamal, A. (2000). Perkawinan di Indonesia. Raja Grafindo Persada.Hafid. (2022). Wali Nikah Anak Angkat dalam Perkawinan yang Tidak Diketahui Orang Tuanya: Studi Komparatif Fiqih Syafi’i dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Al-Qadlaya : Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 1(2), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.55120/qadlaya.v1i2.607Harwis, H., Killian, N., & Husna, H. (2024). Wife’s Permission as a Polygamy Requirement in The Perspective of Islamic Law and Positive Law. Proceeding International Conference Khairun University, 1(1), 85–91.Hidayah, F. I. (2014). Diskursus Hukum Islam di Indonesia Tentang Perwalian Perkawinan Anak Angkat. Isti’dal: Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam, 1(1), 75.Hosen, I. (1971). Fiqh Perbandingan Dalam Masalah Nikah, Thalaq, Rujuk, dan Hukum Kewarisan Jilid 1. Balai Penerbitan & Perpustakaan Islam Yayasan Ihya ’Ulumiddin Indonesia.Insani, N., Beddu, S., Rahman, R., Arpin, A., & Samuri, M. A. A. (2024). Judicial Considerations in Child Marriage Dispensations: An Empirical Study of the Gorontalo Religious Court. Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah, 22(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30984/jis.v22i1.2066Ismail, N. Z., Abubakar, F., Sanmas, A., Fadhly, M., & Killian, N. (2024). Review of Islamic Marriage Law Regarding Kafaah Sayyid-Syarifah Marriages in the Ternate Arab Community. Al Hakam: The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Family Law and Gender Issues, 4(2), 136–156. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35896/alhakam.v4i2.843Jalal. (2024). Interview with Akeguraci Religious Leader on August 11, 2024.Junus, M. (1964). Perkawinan dalam Islam. Bulan Bintang.Kelib, A. (1990). Hukum Islam. PT. Tugu Muda Indonesia.Liao, M. (2016). Factors affecting post-permanency adjustment for children in adoption or guardianship placements: An ecological systems analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 66, 131–143. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.05.009Manan, A. (2006). Aneka Masalah Hukum Perdata Islam di Indonesia. Kencana.Martoredjo, A. I. A. (2021). Status Nasab Anak Lahir Di Luar Perkawinan Perspektif Hukum Islam Dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Al-Mujtahid: Journal of Islamic Family Law, 1(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.30984/jifl.v1i1.1640Nur Hadi, M., & Khiyaroh, K. (2020). Modin dan Otoritasnya: Studi Kasus Larangan Kawin Hamil di Kelurahan Temas Kota Batu. YUDISIA : Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Dan Hukum Islam, 11(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.21043/yudisia.v11i1.7352Ramulyo, M. I. (1996). Hukum Perkawinan Islam. Bumi Aksara.Rolock, N., White, K., Blakey, J. M., Ocasio, K., Korsch-Williams, A., Flanigan, C., Bai, R., Faulkner, M., Marra, L., & Fong, R. (2023). Living apart after adoption or guardianship: Perspectives of adoptive parents and guardians. Children and Youth Services Review, 153, 107107.Rustamil. (2024). Interview with Adoptive Sibling in Akeguraci Village on August 10, 2024.Sarida. (2024). Interview with Akeguraci Resident on August 11, 2024.Soekito, S. widoyati W. (1989). Anak dan Wanita Dalam Hukum. LP3ES.Soemiyati. (2007). Hukum Perkawinan Islam dan Undang-Undang Perkawinan (Undang-undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 Terntang Perkawinan). Liberty.Subeitan, S. M., Isima, N., & Alhabsyi, M. S. (2021). Dinamika Pengangkatan Anak di Indonesia. Al-Mujtahid: Journal of Islamic Family Law, 1(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30984/jifl.v1i1.1617Sukari, A. (2020). Dampak Sosio-Religius Tentang Waris Anak Angkat Dan Para Pihak Perspektif Kompilasi Hukum Islam. In YUDISIA : Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum dan Hukum Islam (Vol. 11).Syahjuan, Y. A., Abubakar, F., & Alhadar, M. (2022). Keterlibatan Orang Tua dalam Rumah Tangga Anak di Kelurahan Guraping Kecamatan Oba Utara. Indonesian Journal of Shariah and Justice (IJSJ), 2(2), 253–274. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46339/ijsj.v2i2.41Tamrin. (2024). Interview with Biological Father in in Akeguraci Village on August 10, 2024.Usman. (2024). Interview with Adoptive Father in Akeguraci Village on August 10, 2024.Yusuf, M. (2017). Metode Penelitian: Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan Penelitian Gabungan. Kencana.Zahara, F., & Sukiati, S. (2024). The Dynamics of Adoptive Fathers as Marriage Guardians in Contemporary Studies. Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan, 11(1), 33–48. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ 
UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PERNIKAHAN DINI MELALUI PENDEKATAN INTEGRASI PEMAHAMAN TERHADAP HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM POSITIF DI KELURAHAN DOWORA, TIDORE, PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA Alimuddin, Harwis; Abdul Haris Abbas; Julaiha Husni
J-ABDI: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 4 No. 7: Desember 2024
Publisher : Bajang Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Fokus pengabdian ini adalah pada pencegahan pernikahan dini di Kelurahan Dowora Kepulauan Tidore, Provinsi Maluku Utara. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi dan faktor penyebab pernikahan dini di Kelurahan Dowora; meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat tentang Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif terkait pernikahan dini; dan merumuskan strategi pencegahan pernikahan dini yang efektif melalui integrasi hukum Islam dan hukum positif. Metode pelaksanaanya dilakukan dengan dua tahap. Tahapan persiapan dengan dua langkah: pertama, membentuk tim pelaksana yang terdiri dari dosen dan mahasiswa Program Studi Hukum Keluarga Islam. Kedua, mengumpulkan data awal tentang pernikahan dini di Kelurahan Dowora melalui survei dengan kuesioner. Tahapan sosialisasi dan edukasi dengan dua langkah. Pertama, mengadakan sosialisasi tentang pernikahan dini perspektif hukum Islam dan hukum positif. Kedua, mengundang tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat, dan ahli hukum sebagai narasumber. Hasil pengabdian ini adalah, penyebab pernikahan dini adalah faktor ekonomi, tradisi dan budaya, rendahnya pendidikan dan minimnya informasi tentang pernikahan dini
Mengelola keuangan pribadi dan keluarga sebagai sarana dalam menentukan kelayakan berzakat (edukasi keuangan dan zakat di Masyarakat Sulamadaha) Muhammad Ridwan; Hasbullah Hajar; Harwis Harwis; Abidil Haq M. Torano
KACANEGARA Jurnal Pengabdian pada Masyarakat Vol 7, No 2 (2024): Mei
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Dirgantara Adisutjipto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28989/kacanegara.v7i2.1998

Abstract

Salah satu pilar utama dalam Islam yang harus ditaati oleh setiap Muslim adalah kewajiban zakat, yang merupakan salah satu dari lima rukun Islam. Kewajiban ini memainkan peran menjaga keseimbangan sosial, pembangunan sosio-ekonomi, mendukung yang kurang mampu, dan menguatkan ikatan komunitas dalam masyarakat Muslim. Salah satu penyebab menjauhkan diri dari zakat terletak pada kesulitan menentukan kelayakan zakat. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman dan pengetahuan dalam pengelolaan keuangan, khususnya terkait besaran penghasilan. Sehingga, tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat untuk memberikan pelatihan dan pemahaman tentang pengelolaan keuangan, serta kelayakan zakat. Metode yang dilakukan adalah Participatory Action Research. Hasil dari proses kegiatan yang terlaksana, adanya peningkatan keterampilan dan pemahaman pengelolaan keuangan, mengimplementasikan pencatatan keuangan menggunakan aplikasi Google Drive dengan menggunakan Google Spreadsheet. Implementasi pengelolaan keuangan, berdampak pada kemampuan untuk menentukan apakah penghasilan yang telah melewati satu tahun hijriyah memenuhi syarat untuk membayar zakat, serta dapat menghitung besaran zakat yang harus dibayarkan.
Analysis of Islamic Law Sources on Positive Law in Handling Cases of Domestic Violence at the Ternate Police Masri, Rahman; Situmorang, Jubair; Alimuddin, Harwis
Majapahit Journal of Islamic Finance and Management Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Islamic Finance and Management
Publisher : Department of Sharia Economics Institut Pesantren KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31538/mjifm.v5i1.381

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the integration between Islamic law and positive law in handling Domestic Violence (KDRT) cases at Ternate Police Department. The background of the research is based on the high number of domestic violence cases in Ternate and the need for a legal approach adaptive to the local socio-religious context. The research problem focuses on how the integration between these two legal systems is applied in practice. This study employs empirical legal research methods with juridical-empirical, normative, sociological, and philosophical approaches. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation, documentation, and literature review. The findings reveal that the Ternate Police Department implements a hybrid justice approach, combining positive law enforcement and settlement based on Islamic islah values. This approach demonstrates efforts to adapt national law to the social realities of Ternate society without neglecting the protection of victims' rights. The main obstacles are cultural patriarchal pressure and the victims’ economic dependency; however, collaboration with social institutions strengthens the effectiveness of case handling. This study concludes that the integration of Islamic law and positive law in Ternate can serve as an alternative model for addressing domestic violence in culturally religious regions.
Co-Authors Abbas , Abdul Haris Abbas, Abdul Haris Abdul Haris Abbas Abidil Haq M. Torano Abubakar, Achmad Abubakar, Alyasa’ Ahmad Ahmad Amir, Indriyani Coronas, Ahmad Abdullah Djalal, Marini Abdul Fatum Abubakar Hasbullah Hajar Husain, Muhammad Zakir Husamuddin MZ Islamul Haq Jamil, Jamaliah Julaiha Husni Khairil Anwar Kurniati Kurniati Kurniati Kurniati Masri, Rahman Maulidah, Tahani Asri Muhammad Amin, Abd. Rauf Muhammad Fazlurrahman Syarif Muhammad Ridwan Nurhasa, Edi Jain Nursinita Killian Rasna Rasna Sanaba, M.Gadri Sanmas, Abu Situmorang, Jubair Sucipto Syaifuddin Syatar, Abdul Umasugi, Nirwan Yahya, M. Yusuf Zulkarnain Abdurrahman