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All Journal MANAJEMEN HUTAN TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Forest Management Majalah Geografi Indonesia Jurnal Belantara COMMUNITY : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Sylva Scienteae MAKILA: Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Jurnal Sylva Lestari Jurnal Pengabdian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung
Santoso, Trio
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PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN PETANI ANGGOTA GAPOKTANHUT JAYA MAKMUR DESA CILIMUS, PROVINSI LAMPUNG TENTANG PEMELIHARAAN POHON INDRIYANTO, INDRIYANTO; SURNAYANTI, SURNAYANTI; ASMARAHMAN, CENG; TSANI, MACHYA KARTIKA; DURYAT, DURYAT; DAMAYANTI, INGGAR; SANTOSO, TRIO
COMMUNITY : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/community.v4i1.2792

Abstract

The knowledge of forest farmers who are members of Gapoktanhut Jaya Makmur regarding tree maintenance is still low, so they have never carried out maintenance on the trees which planted at the cultivated area in the Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park. Community service was carried out to increase forest farmers' knowledge about aspects of tree maintenance. The methods used were lectures, discussions, as well as tree maintenance practices. Changes knowledge were evaluated through pre test and post test with questionnaires. The results showed that farmers' knowledge regarding the importance of tree maintenance increased by 12.4 value, farmers' knowledge regarding how to control weeds increased by 11.2 value, farmers' knowledge about how to fertilize trees increased by 12.2 value, farmers' knowledge about how to control pests and diseases increased by 13.0 value, and farmers' knowledge of how to control parasitic plants increased by 13.0 value. This increase in knowledge was experienced by each farmer participating in the community service with an average increase in value of 12.4 from an average pre test value of 58.5 to 70.9. It was concluded that the community service had been carried out succeeded in increasing forest farmers' knowledge about how to care for trees. With the increased knowledge of forest farmers, it is hoped that they will be willing and able to properly and continuously maintain trees that have been planted in their cultivated areas so that the trees can live healthy and productive lives. ABSTRAKPengetahuan petani hutan anggota Gapoktanhut Jaya Makmur tentang pemeliharaan pohon masih rendah sehingga mereka belum pernah melakukan pemeliharaan pohon yang ditanam di areal garapan dalam Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan petani hutan tentang aspek pemeliharaan pohon. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah dan diskusi, serta praktik pemeliharaan pohon. Perubahan pengetahuan petani dievaluasi menggunakan kuesioner pada awal dan akhir kegiatan pengabdian. Hasil pengabdian adalah pengetahuan petani mengenai pentingnya pemeliharaan pohon meningkat nilai sebesar 12,4, pengetahuan petani mengenai cara pengendalian gulma meningkat nilai sebesar 11,2, pengetahuan petani mengenai cara pemupukan pohon meningkat nilai sebesar 12,2, pengetahuan petani mengenai cara pengendalian hama dan penyakit meningkat nilai sebesar 13,0, dan pengetahuan petani mengenai cara pengendalian tumbuhan parasit meningkat nilai sebesar 13,0. Peningkatan pengetahuan tersebut dialami oleh setiap petani peserta pengabdian dengan rata-rata peningkatan nilai sebesar 12,4 dari rata-rata nilai evaluasi awal sebesar 58,5 menjadi 70,9. Disimpulkan bahwa pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang telah dilakukan berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan petani hutan mengenai cara pemeliharaan pohon. Meningkatnya pengetahuan petani hutan tersebut diharapkan mereka mau dan mampu melakukan pemeliharaan pohon yang telah ditanam di areal garapannya secara benar dan kontinu agar pohon-pohon bisa hidup sehat dan produktif.
Penyuluhan Pemanfaatan Pupuk Organik Lokal di Kecamatan Bandar Negeri Suoh Kabupaten Lampung Damayanti, Inggar; Asmarahman, Ceng; Indriyanto, Indriyanto; Bintoro, Afif; Duryat, Duryat; Santoso, Trio
Jurnal Pengabdian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung Vol 3, No 1 (2024): Jurnal Pengabdian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung Vol 3 No 1, Maret 2024
Publisher : Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jpfp.v3i1.9229

Abstract

Penggunaan pupuk anorganik yang tinggi di kalangan petani pedesaan, meskipun praktis dan murah, dapat mencemari tanah dan mengurangi kesuburannya. Sebagai alternatif, pupuk organik diperlukan karena lebih aman dan ramah lingkungan. Pupuk organik dapat memperbaiki kualitas tanah dan membuka peluang inovasi pertanian di pedesaan. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di Kecamatan Bandar Negeri Suoh, Kabupaten Lampung Barat, bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam memanfaatkan pupuk organik lokal. Kegiatan ini meliputi penyuluhan dan pelatihan pembuatan kompos dari bahan organik lokal dengan metode Participation Rural Appraisal (PRA). Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan antusiasme tinggi dari masyarakat yang sebagian besar adalah petani. Evaluasi awal dan akhir menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan tentang pupuk organik, jenis-jenisnya, manfaatnya, dan teknik pembuatannya. Penyuluhan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produksi dan pendapatan masyarakat serta mendorong praktik pertanian berkelanjutan di wilayah tersebut.
Mapping Urban Transformation: The Random Forest Algorithm to Monitor Land Use and Land Cover Change in Bandar Lampung City Darmawan, Arief; Santoso, Trio
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): September
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v12i3.960

Abstract

Bandar Lampung City has substantially altered its land cover due to rapid urbanization in the past decade. Landsat 8 OLI is suitable for conducting land cover change research and offers current and precise data on the present land cover. This research aimed to monitor and analyze the changes in seven categories of land use and land cover (LULC): forest, agricultural land, rice field, settlement, water body, bare land and industrial area. The land use and land cover (LULC) in Bandar Lampung City were analyzed using Landsat 8 OLI satellite images from 2013 to 2023. The Random Forest Algorithm was employed for this analysis. The LULC model assessment was carried out with a confusion matrix, resulting in almost perfect agreement for the 2013 and 2023 LULC models. The LULC classes showed an area growth in settlement of 5,526.25 ha (29.12%) and agricultural land of 1,071.63 ha (5.30%) but opposite with forest class that experienced significant area loss that reached 2,012.35 ha (-26.02%) and waterbody and industrial area 285.64 (-6.15%) and 167.67 ha (-4.04%), respectively. The findings reveal significant shifts in forest and agricultural land, highlighting the region’s rapid urbanization and deforestation patterns. These changes have practical implications for environmental management and urban planning, suggesting the need for sustainable LULC policies to prevent the impacts of rapid LULC transformations on ecosystem services and local communities. Keywords: Bandar Lampung, K-nearest neighbors, land use and land cover change, QGIS 3.20, random forest algorithm
BIMBINGAN TEKNIS BUDIDAYA KAPULAGA DI BAWAH TEGAKAN KEBUN HUTAN KEPADA PETANI GAPOKTANHUT PUJO MAKMUR, LAMPUNG INDRIYANTO, INDRIYANTO; TSANI, MACHYA KARTIKA; SANTOSO, TRIO; SURNAYANTI, SURNAYANTI; DAMAYANTI, INGGAR
COMMUNITY : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/community.v4i2.3817

Abstract

Forest farmers, members of a combination of Pujo Makmur forest farmer groups, Lampung Province, do not yet know how to cultivate cardamom correctly in the Pematang Kubuato protected forest area. The technical guidance was carried out to increase forest farmers' knowledge about the correctly cultivation of cardamom under forest garden stands. The methods used in implementing technical guidance were lectures and discussions, as well as inspection of cardamom planting areas. Changes in farmer knowledge were evaluated through pre test and post test with questionnaires. The results of technical guidance activities for forest farmers were that forest farmers' knowledge regarding how to prepare cardamom seedlings increased by 18.8, forest farmers' knowledge regarding how to plant cardamom under forest garden stands increased by 19.0, forest farmers' knowledge regarding how to care for cardamom plants increased by 19.0. 18.6, forest farmers' knowledge of how to harvest cardamom fruit increased by 16.2, and forest farmers' knowledge of how to handle post-harvest fruit increased by 16.8. All forest farmers (100% of participants) stated that they were determined to implement cardamom cultivation correctly. It can be concluded that this technical guidance has succeeded in increasing farmers' knowledge and interest regarding various aspects of cardamom cultivation. ABSTRAKPetani hutan anggota Gapoktanhut Pujo Makmur, Provinsi Lampung belum mengetahui cara budidaya kapulaga secara benar dalam kawasan hutan lindung Pematang Kubuato. Bimbingan teknis bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan petani hutan tentang budidaya kapulaga secara benar di bawah tegakan kebun hutan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan bimbingan teknis adalah ceramah dan diskusi, serta peninjauan areal pertanaman. Perubahan pengetahuan petani dievaluasi menggunakan kuesioner pada awal dan akhir kegiatan bimbingan teknis. Hasil kegiatan bimbingan teknis kepada petani hutan adalah pengetahuan petani hutan mengenai cara penyiapan bibit kapulaga meningkat sebesar 18,8, pengetahuan petani hutan mengenai cara penanaman kapulaga di bawah tegakan kebun hutan meningkat sebesar 19,0, pengetahuan petani hutan mengenai cara pemeliharaan tanaman kapulaga meningkat sebesar 18,6, pengetahuan petani hutan mengenai cara pemanenan buah kapulaga meningkat sebesar 16,2, dan pengetahuan petani hutan mengenai cara penanganan buah pascapanen meningkat sebesar 16,8. Semua petani hutan (100% peserta) menyatakan bertekat akan menerapkan budidaya kapulaga secara benar. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa bimbingan teknis ini berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan dan minat petani mengenai berbagai aspek budidaya tanaman kapulaga.
Pemetaan Obyek Dan Daya Tarik Wisata Dalam Pengembangan Ekowisata Berbasis Agroforestri Pada Gapoktan Pujo Makmur Kabupaten Pesawaran Harianto, Sugeng P; surnayanti, surnayanti; Tsani, Machya Kartika; Santoso, Trio; Jaya, Nuril Atma; Rufaidah, Erlina
Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Vol 7, No 5 (2024): Jurnal Sylva Scienteae Vol 7 No 5 Edisi Oktober 2024
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jss.v7i5.13182

Abstract

Ekowisata berbasis masyarakat merupakan pengembangan suatu tempat salah satunya di Gapoktan Pujo Makmur, Kabupaten Pesawaran, Provinsi Lampung melalui sektor pariwisata. Pengembangan ini memanfaatkan potensi sumber daya alam dan budaya yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat sebagai obyek dan daya tarik wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemetaan obyek dan daya tarik ekowisata berbasis agroforestri pada Gapoktan Pujo Makmur guna memberikan informasi dasar untuk pengembangannyakepada para pihak terkait . Metode pengumpulan  data menggunakan aplikasi Avenza Maps dan ArcGIS untuk pengambilan titik awal dan penelusuran sampai titik akhir. Selanjutnya data di analisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya elemen penting selama penelusuran seperti pemukiman, jembatan, masjid, dan lahan agroforestri yang semuanya merupakan obyek dan daya tarik wisata. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi dasar dalam pengembangan ekowisata berbasis agroforestripada Gapoktan Pujo Makmur. Lahan agroforestri didominasi oleh tanaman durian, kapulaga, kemiri, pala sehingga dapat menarik wisatawan untuk berkunjung berwisata. Disamping itu terdapat air terjun Kedung Gajah yang terbentuk dari bebatuan yang merupakan potensi signifikan dalam pengembangan ekowisata agroforestri Gapoktan Pujo Makmur.
Agroforestry Land Use Land Cover Area Classification Using Decision Tree Algorithm Darmawan, Arief; Santoso, Trio; Hilmanto, Rudi
Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika Vol. 30 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB University)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7226/jtfm.30.3.399

Abstract

Monitoring the location and extent of agroforestry land use land cover (LULC) in Lampung Province is critical for effective policy development and sustainable agroforestry management. However, existing monitoring efforts have been limited to small regions. This study addressed this gap by employing threshold values from five distinct vegetation indices (ARVI, EVI, GDVI, NDVI, and SAVI) derived from Landsat 9 OLI imagery to accurately identify and estimate agroforestry LULC across the Lampung Province. The data collection activities were carried out using a combination of Landsat 9 OLI satellite imagery acquisition, and ground truth validation on 7 classes of different land use (forest, agroforestry, dry land farming, ricefield, settlements, bare land, and water bodies) within 5,600 points of interest (POI) inside 5 regencies as an area of interest (AOI). This study aimed to predict agroforestry area based on vegetation indices (VIs) threshold using the decision tree (DT) algorithm. The research process involved a series of systematic steps, beginning with satellite image data acquisition and preprocessing, VIs values extraction, and DT sequential for agroforestry areas. The DT computation incorporated the value of each LULC type on the 5 VIs. The result showed that the overall accuracy reached 91.59% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.89, indicating a high level of accuracy for land cover identification. The DT algorithm calculation showed that the agroforestry in Lampung Province estimated spanned for 734,739.61 ha, determined only by NDVI and ARVI. The findings have significant implications for both policy development and agroforestry management. Accurate LULC classification enhances decision-making processes by providing reliable data on land use patterns, which can guide sustainable land management practices and support the creation of region-specific agroforestry policies. This research directly informs policymakers on the extent and distribution of agroforestry areas, offering a foundation for crafting strategies aimed at promoting sustainable land use while mitigating environmental degradation. The methodology also provides a scalable approach for other regions facing similar agroforestry and land management challenges.
LEAF ARCHITECTURE OF THE AVERRHOA COLLECTION AT BOGOR BOTANICAL GARDEN Canita, Anggun; Almaidah, Elsa Nadia; Damayanti, Inggar; Santoso, Trio; Hariri, Muhammad Rifqi
Jurnal Belantara Vol 8 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Forestry Study Program University Of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbl.v8i1.1037

Abstract

The Bogor Botanical Garden (KRB) is a significant conservation site in Indonesia, serving as a sanctuary for a diverse range of plant species, including the genus Averrhoa, which holds both economic and ecological value. Plant morphology studies are essential for species classification and biodiversity conservation. This study aims to identify the morphological characteristics of leaves from three Averrhoa species (Averrhoa bilimbi, Averrhoa carambola, and Averrhoa dolichocarpa) as a tool for field identification. Conducted at the Morphology, Anatomy, and Cytology Laboratory of the Bogor Botanical Garden, the research utilized visual observation and digital microscopy to analyze key leaf traits. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis revealed significant differences in adaxial leaf color and lamina shape, although certain characteristics, such as abaxial color and leaf margin type, were similar across species. These findings demonstrate that leaf architecture is an effective means of identifying Averrhoa species and contribute to taxonomy and biodiversity conservation efforts. Further research is recommended to expand sampling and explore genetic correlations.
Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Pada Daerah Aliran Sungai Sekampung Hulu, Lampung Menggunakan Data Pengindraan Jauh Ridhayana, Asha; Darmawan, Arief; Santoso, Trio; Yuwono, Slamet B; Febryano, Indra G
MAKILA Vol 16 No 2 (2022): Makila: Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/makila.v16i2.6731

Abstract

Land cover in the upstream watershed area is changing rapidly due to anthropogenic activity. This study aims to determine the dynamics of land cover change in the Sekampung Hulu watershed. The survey used Landsat satellite imagery data for 2008, 2015, and 2021 obtained from the United States Geological Survey and analyzed it using guided classification with the Object Oriented Classification algorithm using Ecognition and ArcGIS 10.3 software. The study's results obtained a kappa accuracy test of 95.85%, which showed a trend of land cover change for the 2008-2015 and 2015-2021 periods. Land cover change trends are classified into seven classes. In the 2008-2015 period, cloud cover decreased by 158.01 ha, water bodies rose by 1,630.03 ha, forests decreased by 2,298.83 ha, mixed gardens increased by 497.92 ha, coffee stands increased by 692.49 ha, open land decreased by 1,112.39 ha and shrubs increased by 760.79 ha. The 2015-2021 period, namely clouds rose by 649.65 ha, water bodies rose by 137.48, forests fell by 1,788.49 ha, mixed gardens fell by 648.95 ha, coffee stands rose by 593.41 ha, open land increased by 694.68 ha and shrubs increased by 1,766.18 ha. Forest cover, coffee stands, and shrubs are the highest fluctuating cover compared to another cover, and mixed forest and plantation cover is the dominating cover in the upstream Sekampung watershed.
Penyuluhan Pemanfaatan Pupuk Organik Lokal di Kecamatan Bandar Negeri Suoh Kabupaten Lampung Damayanti, Inggar; Asmarahman, Ceng; Indriyanto, Indriyanto; Bintoro, Afif; Duryat, Duryat; Santoso, Trio
Jurnal Pengabdian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Pengabdian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung Vol 3 No 1, Maret 2024
Publisher : Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jpfp.v3i1.9229

Abstract

Penggunaan pupuk anorganik yang tinggi di kalangan petani pedesaan, meskipun praktis dan murah, dapat mencemari tanah dan mengurangi kesuburannya. Sebagai alternatif, pupuk organik diperlukan karena lebih aman dan ramah lingkungan. Pupuk organik dapat memperbaiki kualitas tanah dan membuka peluang inovasi pertanian di pedesaan. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di Kecamatan Bandar Negeri Suoh, Kabupaten Lampung Barat, bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam memanfaatkan pupuk organik lokal. Kegiatan ini meliputi penyuluhan dan pelatihan pembuatan kompos dari bahan organik lokal dengan metode Participation Rural Appraisal (PRA). Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan antusiasme tinggi dari masyarakat yang sebagian besar adalah petani. Evaluasi awal dan akhir menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan tentang pupuk organik, jenis-jenisnya, manfaatnya, dan teknik pembuatannya. Penyuluhan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produksi dan pendapatan masyarakat serta mendorong praktik pertanian berkelanjutan di wilayah tersebut.
Pemantauan invasi mantangan (Merremia peltata) di Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan menggunakan Google Earth Engine Dzakiyyaa, Ruwaida; Darmawan, Arief; Santoso, Trio; Hilmanto, Rudi; Septiadi, Luhur; Surya, Rikha Aryanie
Majalah Geografi Indonesia Vol 39, No 2 (2025): Majalah Geografi Indonesia
Publisher : Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mgi.101697

Abstract

Abstrak Mantangan merupakan spesies yang secara masif menginvasi bagian selatan Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (TNBBS) dan diperkirakan sebarannya semakin meluas. Mantangan tumbuh dengan cara melilitkan batangnya pada inang hingga menutupi permukaan tubuh dan tajuk inangnya serta dapat merambat dari satu inang ke inang yang lain, selain itu mantangan juga dapat tumbuh secara vegetatif melalui batangnya yang terpotong kemudian menyentuh tanah sehingga menghasilkan generasi baru. Oleh karena itu, informasi sebaran spasial mantangan perlu diketahui dengan pemantauan secara berkala. Dewasa kini, pemantauan dapat dilakukan dengan penginderaan jauh, misalnya menggunakan data citra satelit. Perkembangan Google Earth Engine (GEE) menjadi salah satu pilihan untuk pemantauan invasi mantangan. GEE menyediakan data citra satelit berbasis komputasi awan dan dapat menghasilkan citra satelit multitemporal yang bebas awan, sehingga menjadi solusi permasalahan big data serta tidak memerlukan biaya untuk penggunaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui luas invasi mantangan tahun 2019 – 2023 menggunakan GEE. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan citra satelit, citra DEM, dan transformasi indeks EVI dengan algoritma random forest. Objek penelitian difokuskan pada daerah selatan TNBBS yang secara khusus terinvasi oleh mantangan yaitu pada empat resor diantaranya Pemerihan, Way Haru, Way Nipah, dan Tampang. Objek penelitian kemudian dijadikan sebagai area of interest (AOI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil akurasi yang baik dengan nilai 93,49% (user accuracy), 95,18% (producer accuracy), 95,23% (overall accuracy), dan 90,18% (kappa accuracy) pada kelas mantangan. Perubahan sebaran mantangan mencapai 7.374,89 ha (2019), 8.237,88 ha (2021), dan 8.716,84 ha (2023). Berdasarkan hasil, diketahui bahwa mantangan menginvasi lebih masif pada Resor Tampang dan Resor Way Haru yang disebabkan oleh kejadian masa lalu seperti pembukaan lahan dan kebakaran serta habitat yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan mantangan.Abstract Mantangan is a species that has massively invaded the southern part of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) and is expected to expand its distribution. Mantangan grows by wrapping its trunk around the host until it covers the surface of the host's body and crown and can creep from one host to another, besides that mantangan can also grow vegetatively through its trunk which is cut and then touches the ground to produce a new generation. Therefore, information on the spatial distribution of mantangan needs to be known through regular monitoring. Nowadays, monitoring can be done by remote sensing, for example using satellite image data. The development of Google Earth Engine (GEE) is one option for monitoring mantangan invasion. GEE provides cloud computing-based satellite image data and can produce cloud-free, multitemporal satellite images, so it is a solution to the big data problem and does not require fees for its use. This study aims to determine the extent of mantangan invasion in 2019 – 2023 using GEE. The research was conducted using satellite images, DEM images, and EVI index transformation with random forest algorithm. The research object focused on the southern area of BBSNP which was specifically invaded by mantangan, namely in four resorts including Pemerihan, Way Haru, Way Nipah, and Tampang. The research object is then used as an area of interest (AOI). The results showed good accuracy results with values of 93.49% (user accuracy), 95.18% (producer accuracy), 95.23% (overall accuracy), and 90.18% (kappa accuracy) in the mantangan class. Changes in the distribution of challenges reached 7,374.89 ha (2019), 8,237.88 ha (2021), and 8,716.84 ha (2023). Based on the results, it is known that mantangan invaded more massively in Tampang Resort and Way Haru Resort due to past events such as land clearing and fires as well as suitable habitat for mantangan growth.  
Co-Authors Afif Bintoro Almaidah, Elsa Nadia Arief Darmawan Bainah Sari Dewi Candra, Roni Canita, Anggun Ceng Asmarahman Damayanti, Inggar Duryat, Duryat Dzakiyyaa, Ruwaida Erlina Rufaidah Febryano, Indra G Harianto, Sugeng P Indriyanto, Indriyanto Jaya, Nuril Atma Muhammad Rifqi Hariri Ridhayana, Asha Rudi Hilmanto Septiadi, Luhur Surnayanti Surnayanti Surya, Rikha Aryanie Toriqoh, Jamilatut Tsani, Machya Kartika Winarno, Gunardi Djoko Yuwono, Slamet B