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Consumer Protection Against Standard Clauses in Business Transactions Through E-Commerce Aditya Migi Prematura; Suryani Suryani; Agung Aditya
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 21 No. 2 (2022): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v21i2.2709

Abstract

Standard agreements or standard agreements aim to provide convenience or practicality for the parties in conducting transactions, especially in the business sector. Problems will arise when consumers in electronic business transactions face standard agreement formulas in which many standard clauses require consumers to agree. In practice, currently, no e-commerce platform does not use standard agreement formats and clauses in transactions with consumers. This form of the agreement positions the consumer as a party that has no bargaining power, so whatever the contents of the standard agreement are, inevitably must be agreed upon, even though basically the consumer knows that the contents of the agreement are burdensome to him. The problem under study is how is the legal protection of consumers involved in standard agreements with the exoneration clause in a business transaction through electronic media (e-commerce). The research method used is a normative legal research method with a statute approach, a conceptual approach, and the views of experts related to the problem. The results of the study show that standard contracts containing exoneration clauses have legal consequences for consumers, namely the responsibility that should be borne by business actors becomes the responsibility of consumers. The Consumer Protection Law requires business actors to immediately adjust the standard contracts used with the provisions of the law, but in practice, this is difficult to do.
Perlindungan hukum konsumen jasa kesehatan digital menurut hukum positif: Studi Halodoc Aditya Migi Prematura
Cessie : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): Cessie: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum
Publisher : ARKA INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55904/cessie.v4i4.1876

Abstract

Platform telemedicine seperti Halodoc telah hadir menjadi alternatif layanan kesehatan utama di Indonesia. Akan tetapi, perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen yang belum optimal menjadi sebuah tantangan baru. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum konsumen jasa kesehatan digital menurut UUPK 1999 dan UU ITE 2008, serta mengevaluasi kebijakan platform Halodoc. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, norma hukum, dan syarat layanan Halodoc dengan interpretasi sistematis dan gramatikal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesenjangan signifikan antara norma perlindungan konsumen dengan implementasinya. Platform Halodoc menggunakan klausul eksonerasi yang melanggar Pasal 18 UUPK, yaitu mengalihkan tanggung jawab kepada penyedia kesehatan sebagai kontraktor independen. Temuan juga menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan data pribadi konsumen masih terbatas dan sebanyak 70% pengguna tidak memahami kebijakan privasi, serta pengawasan, juga penegakan hukum konsumen masih lemah. Dengan demikian diperlukan harmonisasi antar 4 undang-undang (UUPK, UU ITE, UU Kesehatan, dan UU PDP) dan pembentukan lembaga pengawasan khusus. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pengimplementasian mandatory shared liability model, peningkatan standar keamanan siber dengan audit independen, peningkatan literasi digital konsumen, serta penguatan kapasitas BPSK dalam menangani sengketa telemedicine.