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Journal : Agrointek

Optimasi kondisi proses pemurnian (Degumming- netralisasi) minyak nyamplung dengan response surface methodology Ika Amalia Kartika; Muhamad Ryan Pratama
AGROINTEK Vol 17, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v17i4.15975

Abstract

Calophyllum seeds produce high-yielding non-edible oils, so Calophyllum plants have great potential as a source of biofuels. To meet biofuel quality standards, crude Calophyllum oil must first be refined. This study investigated the temperature and time optimization in refining crude Calophyllum oil extracted using a binary solvent, i.e., n-hexane and methanol. The experiment was performed in a central composite design using independent variables temperature (70-90°C) and time (10-30 minutes) with 11 runs, and the optimization was performed in response surface method. The best model for optimizing oil yield was the second-order polynomial model, with optimal oil yield (44.62%) obtained at a temperature of 81.4°C and a time of 19.9 minutes. When the oil yield was optimized with the acid value of the oil as the boundary condition, the optimum oil yield and acid values were 44.44% and 2.43 mg KOH/g, obtained at a temperature and time of 83.4°C and 19.7 minutes. Model validation at this optimum purification condition resulted in the actual oil yield (46.40%) conformed passably to its prediction. In addition, the purified oil obtained from this model validation had good characteristics and matched the predicted results.
Aplikasi sakarifikasi dan fermentasi simultan dalam produksi bioetanol dari rebung bambu Griselda Happy Ramadhani; Khaswar Syamsu; Ika Amalia Kartika; Irvan Setiadi Kartawiria
AGROINTEK Vol 18, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v18i2.17294

Abstract

Bambu muda atau rebung memiliki sumber selulosa dan berpotensi untuk produksi bioetanol. Rebung juga memiliki kandungan lignin yang rendah yaitu 0,89%, sehingga memungkinkan untuk tidak dilakukan proses pre-treatment. Rebung bambu merupakan salah satu bahan yang berpotensi untuk produksi bioetanol mengingat laju produktivitas yang tinggi yaitu 8.124 kg/ha/tahun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis data produksi bioetanol dari rebung dengan teknik SSF menggunakan konsorsium mikroba Trichoderma reesei dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mikroba T. reesei digunakan untuk menghasilkan enzim selulase yang menghidrolisis selulosa menjadi gula sederhana, sedangkan S. cerevisiae digunakan untuk memproduksi bioetanol dari gula yang dihasilkan sebelumnya. Sintesis bioetanol terdiri dari dua tahap utama yaitu hidrolisis dan fermentasi. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, proses hidrolisis dan fermentasi dilakukan secara terpisah menggunakan metode SHF (Separated Hydrolysis Fermentation), sedangkan pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode SSF (Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation) yang diharapkan menghasilkan efisiensi substrat, Yp/s, dan laju produktivitas bioetanol yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan metode SHF. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan aerasi 1 vvm dan agitasi 125 rpm selama 72 jam.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi  bioetanol tertinggi di waktu 72  jam sebesar 6,94 g/L dengan laju produktivitas bioetanol  0,08 g/L/h dan  rendemen produk (Yp/s) 0,19 g bioetanol/g substrat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rebung merupakan media yang layak untuk produksi bioetanol. Rebung memiliki kandungan selulosa yang potensial sebagai substrat untuk T. reesei dan terbukti menghasilkan bioetanol yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan teknik SHF dengan bambu pada penelitian sebelumnya.
Rekayasa pembuatan indikator oksigen dengan membran pemisah Endang Warsiki; Andi Nurul Aulia Sari; Ika Amalia Kartika; Indah Yuliasih; Titi Candra Sunarti
AGROINTEK Vol 18, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v18i4.17784

Abstract

Oxygen indicators in food packaging can be used to monitor the shelf life and quality of the product, especially in a vacuum or modified atmosphere packaged, by sensing the indicator's color change. The mechanism of the oxygen indicator is a redox reaction which is compromised redox dye, reducing compound, and alkali compound. These substances can be formulated as a tablet/sachet or a printed layer or laminated in a polymer film. This study aimed to examine the performance of the oxygen indicator in various concentrations of glucose and NaOH. This research was carried out in 3 stages, i.e. (i) producing oxygen indicators; (ii) characterizing the oxygen indicator before it was activated, and (iii) testing the irreversibility of the indicator. The results showed that the oxygen indicator had been successfully made in two compartments of NaOH and glucose-methylene blue with LDPE as a membrane barrier. The indicator's color remains the same in blue before it was activated. It seems that the concentration of glucose and natrium oxide did not have any significant difference in the initial color of the indicator. Once the indicator was activated by pressing the NaOH compartment, the color of the indicator turned purplish, and after a long while, the indicator turned white. The concentration of NaOH and storage temperature significantly affected the turning color's acceleration. A sample in the concentration of glucose 0.2 M and NaOH 0.2 M proved irreversible with ohue values of 208.57 to 313.201.© hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang.
Rekayasa proses produksi resin alkid dari minyak nyamplung Ika Amalia Kartika; Natasha Yuka Fastiana; Danu Ariono
AGROINTEK Vol 19, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v19i1.22416

Abstract

Calophyllum is a potential plant in Indonesia where the area is very wide spread besides almost all parts of Calophyllum plants can be utilized. The study aims to produce alkyd resin from Calophyllum oil so the usefulness of Calophyllum plants can be optimized. The synthesis of alkyd resin was carried out by variations in oil to glycerol mole ratio (1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) and temperature (230 and 250C). Acid and iodine values, density, viscosity, drying time, color, solubility, thermal stability, and functional groups analyzed the alkyd resin quality. The oil-to-glycerol mole ratio and temperature variations affected the acid value, viscosity, color, and drying time. Higher temperatures and more glycerol affected the reaction time, and the drying time of alkyd resin became faster. In addition, its viscosity decreased, and its thermal stability was stable. With the high addition of glycerol at low temperatures, the color of alkyd resin was bright, but it became darkened at higher temperatures. Calophyllum-based resins owned the fastest alkyd resin drying time without passing through the drying and purifying process, which was 60 minutes at 50°C