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KAJIAN PEROLEHAN KARBON SEBAGAI DAMPAK INTERVENSI KASUS: EKS-PLG BLOK A, MENTANGAI, KALIMANTAN TENGAH(CARBON RESULT STUDY AS INTERVENTION IMPACT, CASE: EKS-PLG BLOCK A, MENTANGAI, CENTRAL BORNEO) Sri Rahaju; . Istomo
Agromet Vol. 22 No. 1 (2008): June 2008
Publisher : PERHIMPI (Indonesian Association of Agricultural Meteorology)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (212.924 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/j.agromet.22.1.%p

Abstract

CCFPI is project activity on “Climate Change, Forests and Peatlands in Indonesia” funded by the “Canadian International Development Agency” (CIDA) through Climate Change and Development Fund, Canada. This project is designed to increase sustainable management of forests and peatlands in Indonesia in order to increase the capacity in carbon sequestration and also better of community incomes. One of project location in Kalimantan is area Ex-PLG Blok A, Mentangai, Central Kalimantan. This article present study on total value carbon gained as impact from various interventions in location of CCFPI project activity in area Ex-PLG Blok A, Mentangai. Method of estimation on carbon stock is conducted by Sample Plot of Measurement (PCP). Calculation of carbon stock with equation of alometrik which is present in Field Guidance to Estimate Carbon Stock on Peatland (Murdiyarso et.al., 2004). Activity of cannal blocking by CCFPI project has result to the positive impacts to the reduction rate of carbon both for above and below ground carbon as well as carbon content by tree plantation established by the community inside the areas of around 43,451 ha. Based on result of calculation, the amount of above ground carbon stock obtained 14,448 ton C. Carbon stock found in the trees plantation in surrounding the cannal 0.777 ton C. Below ground carbon stock is ranged between 550,782 ton C up to 2,223,424 ton C.
Kajian Faktor Lingkungan Fisik Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vries Ras Kerinci di Resort KSDA Bukit Tapan, Kawasan Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat, Jambi Istomo .; Cecep Kusmana; Syafda Roswandi
Media Konservasi Vol 7 No 1 (2000): Media Konservasi
Publisher : Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism - IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3198.428 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/medkon.7.1.%p

Abstract

Species of Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vries of Kerinci is a unique variety, because this species grows naturally in southernKerinci Mountain. Objectives of this research were to identify growth distribution of P. merkusii Kerinci variety based on field condition and to determine important physically factors for growth of P. merkusii Kerinci variety. This research was conducted in montane rain forest of Bukit Tapan, Kerinci Seblat national park region for two months (April-May 1996). This research used multiply plot sampling with rectangular form (20 m x 20 m) in 24 the research sampling plots. Soil samples were taken from each plot for soil c h d s t i c analysis. Data was analyzed by vegetation analysis, ordination, and multiple regression linear by stepwise procedure to identify mostinfluence's physical factors. Research was found 47 trees species classified within 39 genus and 25 family. The 24 permanent plots wen dominated by P. merkusii (IVI = 115.33%). Number of P. merkusii in each permanent plot among 1-13 trees. Range of basal area of pines between 0.66 m2ha and 39.08 m21ha whereas non-pines among 4.06 m2ha and 13.88 m h a . The result of research showed that P.merkusii Kerinci variety grow well in Litosol soil, with sandy clay texture, with proportion of sand : dust : clay are 14 : 5 : 1 or I5 : 4 : 1, 53.21-56.48% of porosity and 1.14-1.24 g/cc of bulk density.
Mangrove Diversity in Production Forest Management Unit (FMU) Bulungan Unit VIII North Kalimantan Karlina Fitri Kartika; Istomo Istomo; Siti Amanah
Media Konservasi Vol 23 No 3 (2018): Media Konservasi Vol. 23 No. 3 Desember 2018
Publisher : Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism - IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (448.18 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/medkon.23.3.253-261

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystem have various important roles as habitat for marine and terrestrial species. However, the ecosystem has recently faced anthropogenic threats delivered by the expansion of aquaculture pond. Study of mangrove diversity was conducted in Production FMU Bulungan Unit VIII, North Kalimantan. The study was aimed to analyze species diversity in the FMU Bulungan Unit VIII and determine community perception on existing mangrove condition. Vegetation analysis was applied to quantify mangrove community in two sampling locations, Salimbatu and Liagu, within 26 quadratic plots (10mx10m). As many as 63 respondents were interviewed to analyze communities’ perception. As the result, 10 species were identified species and one unidentified species recorded during the survey. Rhizophoraceae was dominated the species composition in sampling area. Rhizophora mucronata had the highest Importance Value Index in tree and seedling stage while Rhizophora apiculata was dominant in sapling stage. On the other hand, Bruguiera parviflora was recorded on each growth stages in all sampling plots. Species diversity index (H’) of mangrove vegetation in the FMU was found at 1,68 with species richness index value 1,58. This diversity index considered as moderate diverse since only few vegetation species are able to live in the mangal. The perpendicular structure of mangrove in the FMU formed an inverse J-shape which showed normal growth of uneven-age forest stand. The interview result implied that more than 50% of the respondent considered that mangrove condition in their village area has been disturbed. Therefore mangrove management with local community involvement is neccessarily required to improve the mangrove performance. Keywords: communities perception, habitat, mangrove, species diversity
Peatlands Rehabilitation through Species Enrichment on Post-fire Oil Palm Plantation Area Rizki Mardhatillah; Prijanto Pamoengkas; Istomo Istomo
Media Konservasi Vol 24 No 1 (2019): Media Konservasi Vol. 24 No. 1 April 2019
Publisher : Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism - IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (626.821 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/medkon.24.1.60-67

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Forest fires and land conversion to oil palm plantations are one of the major threats that caused dangerous impacts on the existence of peatlands in Indonesia. Rehabilitation by plant type enrichment method is an effort that can be developed to restore the ecological and hydrological functions of degraded peatlands. This study aimed to analyze biophysical conditions (soil characteristics), analyze the growth response of plant species against the combination of planting types; analyze the choice of planting combinations that are in accordance with the physical conditions of the field and the needs of local communities. This study was designed by varying the diversity of tree species or combination of planting. The research plot consists of three size area (5m x 5m, 10m x 10m, and 20m x 20m). The species that used in this study consists of Shorea balangeran, Durio zibethinus, Archidendron pauciflorum, Parkia speciosa, Coffea liberica and Areca pinanga. The results showed that the research plot has soil characteristic from mesotropic fertility categories (moderate fertility) to eutophic (fertile), while the pH between 3.2 – 3.5 (very acidic). The growth of plant species at the age of five months has growth rate differentiation both height and diameter in each combination of planting.  The height growth of Shorea balangeran species the highest which average of 35.16 cm while the diameter growth of Areca pinanga is 8.13 mm. The best combination of planting is a combination of six species wich consists Shorea balangeran, Durio zibethinus, Archidendron pauciflorum, Parkia speciosa, Coffea liberica and Areca pinanga. Keywords: enrichment planting, growth, rehabilitation, peatlands
Plant Diversity in Different Land Use Types at The Peat Hidrological Unit (PHU) of Mendahara – Batanghari River, Jambi Province Aji Nuralam Dwisutono; Sri Wilarso Budi; Istomo Istomo
Media Konservasi Vol 24 No 2 (2019): Media Konservasi Vol. 24 No. 2 Agustus 2019
Publisher : Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism - IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (537.221 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/medkon.24.2.141-151

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The characteristics of tropical peatlands are still able to form a high diversity of plants. Conversion of tropical peatlands affects the composition of plants. The aim of this study was to find out effect of land use changes to the composition and diversity of plants in the Peat Hydrological Unit (PHU) Mendahara - Batanghari River. The research was conducted in three land use categories, namely secondary forest, coffee plantation, and oil palm plantation (subdivided into oil palm plantation 1 and oil palm plantation 2). In each study location, sample lane 20 m x 200 m were made. Overall, we found 77 species of plants. The results showed   number of plant species decreased due to changes of land use. There are 51 - 53 species of plants in secondary forest areas (out of a total of 58 species) that are not found in oil palm and coffee plantations areas. Differences in composition were also shown in the low value of community similarity (<50%). In the oil palm and coffee plantation areas, plant communities tend to be dominated by pioneer plants such as Melicope lunu-ankenda, Coffea liberica, Macaranga triloba, and Melastoma malabathricum. Secondary forest was dominated by plants species that characterize peatlands such as Tetramerista glabra, Parastemon urophyllus, Knema percoriacea, Litsea costalis var. nidularis and Madhuca motleyana. Changes in land use also reduce the level of diversity (H 'and R) at various levels of growth. Whereas in the oil palm and coffee plantation areas tend to form uniform stands (indicated through index E which describes the abundance distribution in community and index C which describes the dominance of species). Generally, the distribution pattern of plants is clumped. Uniform distribution was found in K. percoriacea and L. costalis var. nidularis. Keywords: land use changes, peatland characteristics, plant composition, plant diversity
TEKNIK GULUDAN SEBAGAI SOLUSI METODE PENANAMAN MANGROVE PADA LAHAN YANG TERGENANG AIR YANG DALAM Cecep Kusmana; . Istomo; Tarma Purwanegara
RISALAH KEBIJAKAN PERTANIAN DAN LINGKUNGAN Rumusan Kajian Strategis Bidang Pertanian dan Lingkungan Vol 1 No 3 (2014): Desember
Publisher : Pusat Studi Pembangunan Pertanian dan Pedesaan (PSP3)

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Abstract

RINGKASANIndonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang terdiri atas sekitar 17.504 buah pulau dengan panjang garis pantai sekitar 95.181 km yang ditumbuhi oleh mangrove dengan lebar beberapa meter sampai beberapa kilometer dari garis pantai.  Direktorat Jenderal Rehabilitasi Lahan dan Perhutanan Sosial Kementerian Kehutanan pada tahun 2007 melaporkan bahwa dari luas kawasan hutan mangrove sekitar 7.758.411 ha, sekitar 60% dari luas tersebut berada dalam kondisi yang rusak.  Sebagian dari kawasan yang rusak tersebut terdiri atas lahan-lahan yang digenangi air yang dalam (kedalaman air lebih dari 1 m).  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian selama 3 tahun (tahun 2008 sampai tahun 2010), secara empirik tehnik guludan sudah terbukti merupakan metode penanaman mangrove yang efektif untuk lahan-lahan yang tergenang air yang dalam tersebut.  Tehnik guludan ini pada dasarnya terdiri atas 3 (tiga) tahapan, yaitu : (1) pembuatan konstruksi guludan berukuran lebar 4 sampai 5 meter, panjang 6 sampai 10 meter, dan tingginya sesuai dengan kedalaman air; (2) pengurugan guludan dengan karung tanah di bagian bawah yang ditutupi oleh tanah curah setebal 30 sampai 50 cm di bagian atasnya sebagai media tumbuh; dan (3) penanaman bibit mangrove dengan jarak tanam rapat (0,25 x 0,25 m), sedang (0,5 x 0,5 m), dan jarang (1 x 1 m).  Saat ini penanaman mangrove dengan teknik guludan sudah banyak diterapkan oleh berbagai pihak di kawasan pesisir Angke Kapuk, Jakarta Utara.Kata kunci: teknik guludan, metode penanaman mangrove, rehabilitasi mangrove
EFEKTIFITAS KELEMBAGAAN LOKAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA HUTAN PADA MASYARAKAT NAGARI SIMANAU, KABUPATEN SOLOK Hamzah Hamzah; Didik Suharjito; Istomo Istomo
RISALAH KEBIJAKAN PERTANIAN DAN LINGKUNGAN Rumusan Kajian Strategis Bidang Pertanian dan Lingkungan Vol 2 No 2 (2015): Agustus
Publisher : Pusat Studi Pembangunan Pertanian dan Pedesaan (PSP3)

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Abstract

Topik pengelolaan sumber daya hutan maupun masyarakat lokal sekitar hutan tetap menarik untuk dikaji dan dikembangkan di Indonesia. Keberhasilan pengelolaan hutan sebagai sumber daya milik bersama ditentukan oleh aspek kelembagaan. Kelembagaan berfungsi untuk mengatur dan mengendalikan sikap dan perilaku masyarakat dalam pengelolaan hutan. Penelitian ini menjelaskan kelembagaan lokal dalam pengelolaan sumber daya hutan pada masyarakat Nagari Simanau dan implikasinya terhadap performansi hutan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, pengamatan terlibat, dan pengukuran. Data yang didapatkan dianalisis menggunakan analisis kelembagaan dan analisis performansi hutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya sistem kategorisasi sumber daya hutan pada masyarakat Nagari Simanau (hutan olahan, simpanan, dan larangan) membantu mengendalikan perilaku masyarakat dalam mengelola sumber daya hutannya dan berimplikasi baik terhadap performa sumber daya hutan, yang ditunjukkan dengan tingginya kerapatan, jumlah jenis, keanekaragaman jenis, dan volume pohon pada hutan simpanan dan larangan. Performa hutan olahan lebih rendah, tetapi fungsi ekonominya sebagai sumber mata pencaharian tambahan bagi masyarakat masih tetap terjaga. Kelembagaan lokal yang masih dipercaya dan dipatuhi masyarakat efektif dalam menunjang pengelolaan sumberdaya hutan yang baik. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya batas pengelolaan antara hutan olahan, simpanan, dan larangan yang telah disepakati bersama; adanya aturan main terhadap kewenangan pemanfaatan; dan sanksi yang jelas dalam penegakkan aturan nagari.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK M-DEXT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN PALAHLAR (Dipterocarpus spp.) DI WILAYAH PERUM PERHUTANI BKPH JASINGA, KPH BOGOR Istomo Istomo; Sri Wilarso; Haris Arifiyanto Hidayat
Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam Vol 7, No 1 (2010): Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphka.2010.7.1.35-46

Abstract

Salah satu upaya yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengatasi dan mencegah punahnya jenis pohon bernilai tinggi palahlar (Dipterocarpus spp.) di Jawa Barat  adalah dengan penanaman. Dalam menunjang keberhasilan penanaman salah satu kegiatan pemeliharaan tanaman yang penting adalah pemupukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik M-dext terhadap respon pertumbuhan anakan  palahlar (Dipterocarpus retusus Bl. dan D. hasseltii Bl.).Penelitian dilakukan pada blok penanaman palahlar di wilayah BKPH Jasinga, KPH Bogor seluas 3,5 ha. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dalam percobaan faktorial dengan dua perlakuan yaitu jarak tanam (5 m x 5 m dan 3 m x 3 m) dan pemberian pupuk organik M-Dext (0,0; 1,0; dan 2,5 ml/tanaman). Waktu yang diperlukan untuk mengukur respon pertumbuhan tanaman setelah pemupukan adalah enam bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan jarak tanam 3 m x 3 m dengan dosis pupuk satu ml/tanaman memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi dan diameter untuk D. hasseltii masing-masing sebesar 2,31 cm/bulan dan 0,06 cm/bulan dan untuk D. restusus masing-masing 2,33 cm/bulan dan 0,03 cm/bulan
KOMPOSISI FLORA DAN KERAGAMAN TUMBUHAN DI HUTAN RAWA MUSIMAN, RIMBO TUJUH DANAU RIAU Lisdayanti Lisdayanti; Agus Hikmat; Istomo Istomo
Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam Vol 13, No 1 (2016): Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphka.2016.13.1.15-28

Abstract

ABSTRACTFreshwater swamp forest is the most productive ecosystem and plays an important role in the ecological system. The aimed of this study was to analyze structure, composition, plant diversity and to identify the important abiotic environment factors influencing plant diversity on seasonal Tujuh Danau Swamp Forest, Riau. This study was carried out with the quadrat plot methods. In total 200 plots were laid on 1,000 ha area. The result revealed that 97 species of 36 families were identified in the study site. Seedlings and trees contained greater numbers of individuals than saplings and poles levels. Sterculia gilva Mig. was the dominant species in all (seedling, sapling, poles, trees) level. The dominant family in all growth levels were Euphorbiaceae and Dipterocarpaceae. Tree diameters class distribution was a reverse “J” curve indicating the forest in a normal condition. Shannon-Wienner diversity index were high at the extent of 3.08-3.29. Species distribution base on Evenness index showed that the distribution of species was unequal on seasonal swamp forest community. Soil properties of silt, sand, clay and canopy cover were the important abiotic factors influencing the diversity of seedlings on the seasonal swamp forest.Key words: Composition, diversity, forest, seasonal, swamp.ABSTRAKHutan rawa air tawar merupakan salah satu tipe ekosistem yang produktif dan berperan penting dalam mengatur berbagai macam sistem ekologis. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang struktur, komposisi dan keragaman tumbuhan hutan rawa musiman Rimbo Tujuh Danau, Riau serta faktor lingkungan abiotik yang berpengaruh penting terhadap keragaman tumbuhan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode garis berpetak, dimana sebanyak 200 petak dibuat dalam area hutan rawa musiman seluas 1.000 ha. Keragaman tumbuhan teridentifikasi sebanyak 36 famili dan 97 spesies. Semai dan pohon merupakan tingkat pertumbuhan dengan jumlah individu yang lebih banyak daripada tingkat pancang dan tiang. Sterculia gilva Mig. merupakan spesies yang mendominasi pada seluruh tingkat pertumbuhan (semai, pancang, tiang dan pohon). Pada tingkat famili yang mendominasi adalah Euphorbiaceae dan Dipterocarpaceae. Sebaran kelas diameter pohon membentuk kurva J terbalik, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa komunitas hutan dalam kondisi stabil. Indeks keragaman Shannon-Wienner menunjukkan tingkat keragaman yang tinggi yaitu 3,08-3,29. Distribusi spesies berdasarkan indeks kemerataan menunjukkan sebaran spesies tidak sama dalam komunitas hutan. Karakteristik tanah, debu, pasir, liat dan tutupan tajuk merupakan faktor abiotik yang berpengaruh penting terhadap keragaman semai dalam hutan rawa musiman.Kata kunci: Hutan rawa, keragaman jenis tumbuhan, komposisi jenis.
KARAKTERISTIK TEMPAT TUMBUH POHON PALAHLAR GUNUNG (Dipterocarpus retusus Bl.) DI KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG GUNUNG CAKRABUANA, SUMEDANG, JAWA BARAT Istomo Istomo; Andita Pradiastoro
Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam Vol 8, No 1 (2011): Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphka.2011.8.1.1-12

Abstract

Palahlar gunung (Dipterocarpus retusus Bl.) adalah salah satu jenis pohon famili Dipterocarpaceae yang bernilai tinggi yang terdapat di Jawa Barat. Keberadaan jenis tersebut terancam punah dan belum diketahui pembudidayaannya, oleh karena itu dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik tempat tumbuh palahlar gunung (Dipterocarpus retusus Bl.) penelitian ini dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah Hutan Lindung Gunung Cakrabuana, Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan jalur pengamatan lebar 20 m, arah tegak lurus kontur dari ketinggian 1.000-1.600 m dpl sebanyak tiga jalur dengan jarak antar jalur 500 m. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pohon palahlar gunung (Dipterocarpus retusus Bl.) dijumpai pada ketinggian 1.000 sampai 1.225 m dpl dengan kelerengan 4-100% pada tanah Latosol yang bertekstur geluh debuan sampai lempung dengan tingkat kemasaman tanah masam sampai cukup masam. Pada ketinggian 1.000-1.099 m dpl pohon palahlar gunung (Dipterocarpus retusus Bl.) sebanyak sembilan pohon. Pada ketinggian 1.100-1.199 m dpl ditemukan sebanyak 12 pohon dan pada ketinggian 1.200-1.299 m dpl ditemukan sebanyak lima pohon. Pada kelas lereng 26-50% kelimpahan palahlar gunung (Dipterocarpus retusus Bl.) paling besar yaitu sebanyak 15 pohon. Pada kelas lereng 51-75% kelimpahan palahlar gunung (Dipterocarpus retusus Bl.) sebanyak lima dan empat pohon dan kelimpahan palahlar gunung (Dipterocarpus retusus Bl.) paling kecil terdapat pada kelas lereng 76-100% yaitu sebanyak dua pohon.
Co-Authors . Solichin Abdul Aziz Adisti Permatasari Putri Hartoyo Agus Hikmat Aji Nuralam Dwisutono Aji Nuralam Dwisutono Alvi Nadia Putri Andita Pradiastoro Andita Pradiastoro, Andita Ari Fardian Ariyani Pramudita Utami Atok Subiakto Atok Subiakto Atok Subiakto Azizah, Ummiati Bambang Hero Saharjo Basuki Wasis Berliyana, Cincy Bintang C. H. Simangunsong Cahyo Wibowo Detty Sumiyati Didik Suharjito Djoko Wahjono Edhi Sandra Elsa Widyastuti Endang Suhendang Erianto Indra Putra Eva Prihatiningtyas Fauzi Kiswantara Ferliana, Erika Fifi Gus Dwiyati Hamzah Hamzah Haris Arifiyanto Hidayat Haris Arifiyanto Hidayat, Haris Arifiyanto Herry Purnomo Hesti Lestari Tata Ida Sufaidah ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN SIREGAR Iwan Hilwan Karlina Fitri Kartika Khairia Nafia Khalid Hafazallah Lailan Syaufina Leti Sundawati Lilis Setyawati Lisdayanti Lisdayanti Ma'shum Afnani Mega Damayanti Meyrista Sekar Agta Putri, Nindhy Mia Afriyani Mufti Abdillah Mufti Abdillah Muhdin Niechi Valentino Nisa Armila Nong Ayu Eka Widyasari Nur Eliya Farida Nurheni Wijayanto Nuroh Bawaihaty Nurul Hidayati Permatasari Putri Hartoyo, Adisti Prijanto Pamoengkas Prima Martha Dena Putri Novita Sari Rachmat, Henti Hendalastuti Rahaju, Sri Rahmadianto, Susilo Ramdhani Fitriansyah, Muhammad Rendra Piscestria Nugraha Rhomi Ardiansyah Rizki Mardhatillah Sandy Ghifary Sri Rahaju Sri Wilarso Sri Wilarso Sri Wilarso Budi Susanti, Cindhy Susilo Rahmadianto Syafda Roswandi Tarma Purwanegara Ujang Suwarna Vianti Vianti Wahyu Hartarto Yadi Setiadi Yuli Sunarti Yuniar Safitri