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Phosphate Reduction in Laundry Wastewater Using Activated Coffee Grounds and Fly Ash as Adsorbents Rony Pasonang Sihombing; Christianti Christianti; Nabila Dwi Nur Ramadhani; Nadya Zafirra Martadinata; Alfiana Adhitasari; Dianty Rosirda Dewi Kurnia
Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol 9 No 3 (2025): Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 December 2025 Special Editio
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33603/jgst.v9i3.10651

Abstract

The growth and development of the population have significantly accelerated economic progress within society. Consequently, many new businesses have emerged, including commercial laundry services. One of the substances found in laundry wastewater, phosphate can cause eutrophication, which disrupts the balance of aquatic ecosystems. One method that can be developed to address this issue is adsorption technology. The aim of this research was to lower the phosphat content and to meet the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 2014. The increasing number of coffee shops generates coffee grounds that have the potential to be processed into activated carbon. Additionally, fly ash a by-product of coal combustion contains silica and can be used as an adsorbent. The activated carbon is activated using 0.1 N NaOH and combined with fly ash in various compositions: 2:8, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, and 8:2. Besides the variation in composition, contact time is also varied 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, and 150 minutes. The observed parameters include pH and phosphate concentration at each contact time. The research results show that the optimal composition is 0.2AC:0.8FA with the highest phosphate removal efficiency of 60.3% at 150 minutes contact time and a pH of 7.1. However, the final phosphate concentration has not yet met the quality standard of 2 mg/L set by the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 2014.
Utilization Of Coffee Grounds into Bio-Briquettes Using Various Types of Adhesives with Carbonization Method Luh Putu Irma Sridewi Yogeswari; Nispi Yuliani; Belva Chiquita; Alfiana Adhitasari; Unung Leoanggraini
Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol 9 No 3 (2025): Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 December 2025 Special Editio
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33603/jgst.v9i3.10652

Abstract

Coffee is one of the most widely produced and consumed agricultural commodities in Indonesia, with production rates increasing each year. This growing demand results in an increasing volume of spent coffee grounds, which are typically discarded as waste. One sustainable approach to managing this waste is by converting it into bio-briquettes, a form of solid fuel. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of coffee ground-based briquettes using different types of adhesives in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000) and to determine which adhesive yields the highest briquette quality. Three types of adhesives were tested: tapioca starch, sago starch, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), each mixed with carbonized coffee grounds in a 1:10 ratio. The briquettes were analyzed based on key performance indicators, including moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, density, fixed carbon, and calorific value. The carbonization process was applied prior to briquette formation to improve fuel quality. The results showed that the briquette using PVA as an adhesive exhibited the best overall performance, with a density of 0.449 g/cm³, ash content of 4.360%, moisture content of 1.480%, volatile matter of 33.974%, fixed carbon of 59.743%, and a calorific value of 6.861 cal/g. These findings suggest that PVA-based briquettes offer promising potential in reducing biomass waste and supporting the development of renewable energy in Indonesia.
Optimization Of Coffee Grounds and Fly Ash Based Adsorbent Composition with Phosphoric Acid Activator for Tofu Industry Liquid Waste Purification Mustika Agustini Alfithroh; Khalaida Fania Fattah; Yusup Muhammad Zulfikar; Zakiyyah Tsuroyyaa; Feby Nurghaida Zaharani; Alfiana Adhitasari
Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol 9 No 3 (2025): Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 December 2025 Special Editio
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33603/jgst.v9i3.10662

Abstract

The direct disposal of tofu industrial wastewater without treatment can have negative impacts on the environment due to its organic content. One effort that can be done is to process tofu liquid waste using the adsorption method. Nowadays, coffee shops are growing rapidly in indonesia, resulting in a lot of coffee grounds waste which can be used as raw material for activated charcoal because of its carbon content. In addition to coffee grounds, other waste in the form of fly ash is also used as an adsorbent because of its silica content. This study aims to determine the optimization of the composition of coffee grounds and fly ash adsorbents in the purification of tofu industry liquid waste and to determine the optimum contact time so that liquid waste is obtained in accordance with quality standards. Observation parameters include acidity (ph) and chemical oxygen demand (cod). Coffee grounds charcoal is activated using 0.1 n h₃po₄ solution then mixed with fly ash in a ratio of 20:80; 30:70; 50:50; 70:30; and 80:20. The adsorption process is carried out in batches for 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The results of the study showed the optimum composition of the adsorbent 20:80 and contact time 120 minutes with a final cod of 2,761 mg/l, ph 6.21, and a cod reduction of 80.46%.
Natural Based Carbon Briquettes: The Effect of Coffee Ground Carbonization Temperatures as Renewable Energy Alternative Fauziah Ramadhani; Ghina Nabila Nur Sa’diyyah; Salsabila Azaliyah Putri; Danisa Dwi Anggraeni; Alfiana Adhitasari; Saripudin Saripudin
Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol 9 No 3 (2025): Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 December 2025 Special Editio
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33603/jgst.v9i3.10677

Abstract

Coffee consumption in Indonesia has been increasing over time. As a result of the high consumption and production, coffee waste often ends up in landfills. One potential solution to this problem is converting coffee waste into reusable products. Coffee grounds waste can be utilized as renewable energy in the form of briquettes. In this research, coffee grounds are used as briquette material. Briquettes are made by the carbonization method. Temperature plays a crucial role in determining the quality of briquette. This study aims to identify the optimum carbonization temperature, with variations of 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C. Each briquette sample was analyzed according to the Indonesian National Standard SNI 01-6235-2000. The results show that all carbonization temperatures produced briquettes with high calorific values (>5000 cal/g), that is 6981 cal/g at 350°C, 7037 cal/g at 400°C, and 7043 cal/g at 450°C. However, the resulting briquettes did not meet the standard criteria for density, fixed carbon, and volatile matter.
Batch Adsorption Performance of a KOH-Activated Corn Cob Carbon–Calcined Fly Ash Composite for Multi-Pollutant Removal Nurcahyo; Unung Leoanggraini; Alfiana Adhitasari; Ghaniari Putri; Khumaira Maulani Wijaya; Rony Sihombing
Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Vol. 24 No. `1 (2026): `June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/sainteknol.v24i`1.63136

Abstract

The discharge of dye and heavy metal-containing wastewater remains a major environmental challenge, highlighting the need for low-cost, effective adsorbents. This study evaluated the batch adsorption performance of a composite adsorbent KOH-activated corn cob carbon combined with calcined coal fly ash toward methylene blue (MB), cadmium (Cd²⁺), and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). Corn cob carbon was prepared via carbonization and KOH activation, while fly ash was calcined before composite preparation. SEM-EDS and BET analyses characterized the adsorbent’s physicochemical properties. KOH activation raised the corn cob carbon’s surface area from 8.80 to 40.88 m²/g, while calcination increased the fly ash’s surface area from 0.32 to 1.65 m²/g, indicating improved surface development. Under optimum conditions (5:1 fly ash-to-carbon ratio, 90-mesh particle size), the composite achieved removal efficiencies of 99.39% for MB (0.40 mg/g) and 99.56% for Cd²⁺ (1.659 mg/g), showing strong performance toward cationic pollutants. Cr(VI) removal, however, reached only 25.37% (1.723 mg/g), likely due to unfavorable electrostatic interactions between the adsorbent surface and anionic chromium species under the tested conditions. Overall, the composite showed promising adsorption performance for cationic contaminants, while further modification is needed to improve its effectiveness against anionic pollutants like Cr(VI).