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Enhancing capsaicin solubility in lidocaine-based therapeutic deep eutectic solvents (THEDES): a COSMO-RS predictive study: . Asma, Nur; Alwi, Ratna Surya; Ramadon, Delly; Mun'im, Abdul
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): JIFI
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v23i2.1665

Abstract

Capsaicin, a potent analgesic, suffers from poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. Therapeutic deep eutectic solvents (THEDES) have emerged as a promising platform to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. This study employed the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) for the in-silico screening of capsaicin solubility in 34 lidocaine-based THEDES, comprising 10 hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) and 26 hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) at 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios. The σ-profiles and σ-potentials of the components were analysed to understand the intermolecular interactions governing solubility. Our predictions revealed a remarkable solubility range from below 1 g/L to over 437 g/L. The betaine-lidocaine (1:1) system was identified as the optimal solvent, achieving a capsaicin solubility of 437.47 g/L at 333.15 K, attributed to betaine's zwitterionic nature facilitating multifaceted hydrogen-bonding. Small polyols like ethylene glycol also performed excellently. A consistent enhancement in solubility was observed in HBD-rich (1:2) compositions and with increasing temperature. Molecular interaction analysis confirmed a robust network of conventional and non-conventional hydrogen bonds within the optimal betaine-lidocaine-capsaicin system. This work demonstrates the power of COSMO-RS as a rational design tool for formulating high-loading THEDES-based drug delivery systems, with betaine-lidocaine emerging as a top candidate for advanced capsaicin topical formulations.
Audit Atas Perpajakan Sebagai Instrumen Pengendalian Resiko Kepatuhan Pajak Pada Perusahaan (Studi Kasus: PT. AAC) Asma, Nur
Annusfy : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 1 No. 5 (2026): January 2026 , Annusfy In Press
Publisher : Jaanur Elbarik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65065/598xfn17

Abstract

The emphasis of the abstract is primarily on the results of tax audits, which are an important instrument in ensuring corporate tax compliance with applicable tax regulations. Tax compliance not only covers the accuracy of tax calculations, but also the accuracy of tax procedures and administration. This paper aims to analyze the role of tax audits as an instrument for controlling tax compliance risks in companies using the case study of PT AAC. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach through literature study and analysis of Tax Court decisions. The results of the discussion show that tax audits play an important role in identifying tax non-compliance risks and ensuring formal and material compliance. The PT AAC case study shows that procedural errors in the tax audit process can result in the cancellation of the Tax Assessment Letter for Underpayment (SKPKB), thus emphasizing the importance of accurate audit procedures in controlling corporate tax compliance risks