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Pemanfaatan tandan kosong kelapa sawit sisa jamur merang (Volvariella volvacea)(TKSJ) sebagai pupuk organik pada pembibitan kelapa sawit Utilization of spent mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) media derived from empty fruit bunches of oil palm (SMEB) as organic fertilizer on oil palm seedling Happy WIDIASTUTI; . TRI-PANJI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 75 No. 2: 75 (2), 2007
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v75i2.148

SummaryThe utilization of lignocellulolitic emptyfruit-bunches of oil-palm (EFBOP) material asstraw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) mediacould produce short chain organic carbon andnutrients which may be available for growth ofplant. This research was aimed to determine theeffect of spent mushroom media amendmentderived from empty fruit bunches of oil palm(SMEB) as organic fertilizer on the growth andnutrient uptake of oil palm seedling. Theexperiment was conducted at greenhouse usingacid soil. Oil palm seedling was grown in 60 x 50cm polybags. The experiment was carried out toexamine 20 treatments i.e. combinations of fourlevel of SMEB (0, 25%, 50%, and 75% w/w) andfive dosages of conventional fertilizer (0, 25%,50%, 75%, and 100%) recommended dosages.The experiment was conducted using completerandomized design with factorial type. Theresearch showed that the amendment of SMEB atthe level of 25% could increase the height ofseedling, fresh weight of root, stem, and seedlingsas well as dry weight of oil palm stem. However,for leaf dry weight, a higher addition of SMEB upto 50% was needed. Fertilizing at 25% ofrecommended dosage could increase the seedlingheight, fresh weight of stem and leaf while forseedling fresh weight and leaf number, higheraddition of fertilizer up to 50% was needed.Significantly higher uptake of K and Mg wasobserved on the amendment of 75% of SMEB.The higher addition of SMEB (up to 75% w/w)did not decrease any growth parameters andnutrient uptake. However, the addition of 100%of recommended chemical fertilizer tended todecrease various growth parameters and uptakeof N, P, K, and Mg of oil palm seedling.RingkasanPenggunaan bahan lignoselulosa sebagaimedium jamur merang (Volvariella volvacea)diketahui dapat menghasilkan senyawa karbonrantai pendek demikian pula hara tersedia,sehingga diduga bahan ini dapat digunakansebagai pupuk organik untuk tanaman. Penelitiandilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberiantandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) sisa mediumjamur merang (TKSJ) terhadap pertumbuhan danserapan hara bibit kelapa sawit. Percobaandilakukan di rumah kaca menggunakan tanahbereaksi masam. TKKS sisa medium jamurmerang (TKSJ) sesuai dosis perlakuan dicampurdengan tanah dan selanjutnya bibit kelapa sawitditanam di polibag berukuran 60 x 50 cm.Percobaan dilakukan untuk menguji 20 perlakuanyang merupakan kombinasi empat tingkat TKSJ(0, 25%, 50% dan 75% b/b) dan lima dosis pupukkonvensional (0, 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100%)dosis rekomendasi. Percobaan dilakukan meng-gunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan polafaktorial. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwapemberian TKSJ pada tingkat 25% dapatmeningkatkan tinggi bibit, bobot basah akar,batang, dan bibit serta bobot kering batangkelapa sawit. Namun, untuk peubah bobot keringdaun diperlukan pemberian TKSJ yang lebihtinggi yaitu 50%. Pemupukan pada dosis 25%rekomendasi meningkatkan tinggi, bobot basahbatang dan daun sedangkan untuk jumlah daundan bobot basah bibit diperlukan dosis pupuk50%. Serapan hara K dan Mg nyata lebih tinggipada pemberian 75% TKSJ. Pemberian TKSJpada jumlah yang tinggi (hingga 75% b/b) tidakmenyebabkan penurunan berbagai peubah per-tumbuhan dan serapan hara, namun pemberianpupuk 100% rekomendasi cenderung menurun-kan berbagai peubah pertumbuhan dan serapanhara N, P, K, dan Mg bibit kelapa sawit.

Penggunaan spora cendawan mikoriza arbuskula sebagai inokulum untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan serapan hara bibit kelapa sawit Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spore as inoculant to increase growth and nutrient uptake of oil palm seedling Happy WIDIASTUTI; Nampiah SUKARNO; Latifah Kosim DARUSMAN; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI; Sally SMITH; Edi GUHARDJA
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 73 No. 1: 73 (1), 2005
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v73i1.160

SummaryA green house experiment was conducted tostudy the effect of spore number and species ofAM fungi as inoculant of oil palm. Two species ofAM fungi was evaluated in this study namelyAcaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margaritaand three spore number were tested i. e 200, 350,and 500 spores. There two fungi have thepotential as AM fungi inoculant for oil palm. Thesoil used was acid soil from Cikopomayak, WestJava while the oil palm seedling was from OilPalm Research Institute, Medan. A polybag sized20 x 40 cm was used. Spores as type of inoculantaffect the oil palm growth in longer time. Thebest growth of the seedling in term of height,fresh, and dry weight was obtained byinoculation at 500 spores of A. tuberculata andG. margarita. However, at 500 spores perpolybag, growth and N, P, and K uptake ofseedlings inoculated with A. tuberculata andG. margarita were not significantly differentexcept for seedling and root fresh weight. Oilpalm seedling inoculated with A. tuberculata at500 spores per seedling resulted higher root andseedling fresh weight compared with thoseinoculated with G. margarita. The different effectof seedling on A. tuberculata and G. margaritainoculation at 200 and 350 spores per seedlingwere only observed in plant height, fresh and dryweight of seedlings. The plant height, fresh, anddry weight of seedlings inoculated withA. tuberculata at 200 and 350 spores per seedlingwere higher compared with those inoculatedwith G. margarita. In addition inoculation withA. tuberculata at 200 spores per seedling resultedhigher N and K uptake of seedling compared withthose inoculated with G. margarita.RingkasanSuatu penelitian rumah kaca telah dilakukanuntuk mempelajari pengaruh jumlah spora danspesies cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA)sebagai inokulum pada bibit kelapa sawit. Duaspesies CMA yang diuji ialah Acaulosporatuberculata dan Gigaspora margarita sedangkanjumlah spora yang diuji ada tiga tingkat yaitu200, 350, dan 500 spora. Bibit kelapa sawitberumur dua bulan ditanam di polibag berukuran20 x 40 cm yang berisi tanah yang bereaksimasam berasal dari Cikopomayak. Hasil yangdiperoleh menunjukkan bahwa spora sebaganokulum bibit kelapa sawit dapat mempengaruhipertumbuhan kelapa sawit namun diperlukanwaktu yang lebih lama untuk mendapatkanrespons inokulasi. Pertumbuhan tertinggi padapeubah tinggi bibit, bobot basah, dan bobotkering diperoleh pada inokulasi sebanyak 500spora per polibag baik untuk A. tuberculatamaupun G. margarita. Namun, pada inokulasisebanyak 500 spora per polibag, pertumbuhandan serapan N, P, dan K bibit yang diinokulasiA. tuberculata dan G. margarita tidak berbedanyata kecuali pada peubah bobot basah akar danbobot basah bibit. Bobot basah akar dan bobotbasah bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasiA. tuberculata sebanyak 500 spora, lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan bibit yang diinokulasidengan G. margarita pada jumlah spora yangsama. Pengaruh spesies hanya dapat ditunjukkanpada inokulasi 200 dan 350 spora khususnya padapeubah tinggi bibit, bobot basah, dan bobotkering bibit. Tinggi bibit, bobot basah dan bobotkering bibit yang diinokulasi A. tuberculata padajumlah spora 200 dan 350 per polibag lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan yang diinokulasiG. margarita. Tampak bahwa inokulasiA. tuberculata dengan 200 spora per polibagmenghasilkan serapan N dan K lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan yang diinokulasiG. margarita pada jumlah spora yang sama.

Aktivitas fosfatase dan produksi asam organik di rhizosfer dan hifosfer bibit kelapa sawit bermikoriza *) Phosphatase activity and organic acid production in rhizosphere and hyphosphere of mycorrhizal oil palm seedling Happy WIDIASTUTI; Nampiah SUKARNO; Latifah Kosim DARUSMAN; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI; Sally SMITH; Edi GUHARDJA
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 71 No. 2: 71 (2), 2003
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v71i2.164

SummaryStudies on the mechanism of the higher Puptake of oil palm seedling colonized witharbuscular mycorrhizal fungi throughsolubilizing of fixed P by organic acid orhydrolysis of organic P by phosphatase activityhave not been reported yet. This experiment wasaimed to examine the phosphatase activity andproduction of organic acids in rhizosphere andhyphosphere, mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizaloil palm seedling. Oil palm seedling were grownfor 26 weeks in sterilized Cikopomayak acid soilin 20.5 cm diameter pots with three compart-ments, a central one for root growth(rhizosphere) and two adjacent on both side nextto the root compartment for hyphal growth(hyphosphere). Compartmentation was accom-plished by a 0.25 mm stainless steel filter. Allcompartment received a uniform concentration ofphosphorus (300 P mg kg -1 soil) either in organic(Na-phytate) or inorganic NH 4 HPO 4 form.Acaulospora tuberculata inoculum was establish-ed in pot culture using Pueraria phaseoloides as ahost, while Gigaspora margarita was propagatedusing maize as a host. AM fungal inoculumapplied as mixed propagules in optimum dosage.The experiment was conducted to asses ninetreatments combination between AM inoculation(without, A. tuberculata, and G. margarita) andsources of P (without P, inorganic P NH 4 HPO 4 ,and organic P Na phytate). Factorial in completerandomized design with two factors and threereplications was used in this research. In thehyphal compartment acid phosphatase activitywas much higher than alkaline phosphataseactivity, while in the rhizosphere alkalinephosphatase activity was higher compared toacid phosphatase activity. Acid phosphataseactivity in rhizosphere of oil palm seedlingsinoculated with A. tuberculata was significantlyhigher compared to uninoculated seedlings.However, both acid phosphatase activity andalkaline phosphatase activity were slightlyenhanced by mycorrhizal inoculation. In contrast,organic acid production between inoculatedseedling and uninoculated seedling was notsignificantly different. It seems that AM fungalsymbiosis with oil palm enhance mineralizationof organic P in spite of solubilization ofinorganic P.RingkasanMekanisme peningkatan pertumbuhankelapa sawit bermikoriza khususnya yangdisebabkan aktivitas pelarutan P anorganik yangterfiksasi melalui pelarutan oleh asam organikatau hidrolisis P organik oleh aktivitas fosfataseelum dilaporkan. Percobaan ini bertujuanmenetapkan aktivitas fosfatase dan produksi asamorganik di rhizosfer dan hifosfer, bibit kelapasawit bermikoriza dan tidak bermikoriza. Kelapasawit ditumbuhkan selama 26 minggu pada tanahmasam Cikopomnayak steril pada pot ber-diameter 20,5 cm yang terbagi atas tiga daerah,ruang tengah untuk pertumbuhan akar (rhizosfer)dan dua daerah di sebelahnya untuk pertumbuhanhifa (hifosfer). Penyekatan pot menggunakanfilter stainless steel berukuran lubang 0,25 mm.Semua daerah dipupuk P pada konsentrasi300 P mg kg -1 tanah baik dalam bentuk organik(Na-phytate) maupun anorganik (NH 4 HPO 4 )Inokulum CMA merupakan hasil perbanyakandengan sistem kultur pot menggunakan inangPueraria phaseoloides untuk Acaulosporatuberculata sedangkan untuk Gigasporamargarita menggunakan inang jagung. InokulumCMA berupa propagul campuran pada dosisoptimum. Percobaan dilakukan untuk mengujisembilan perlakuan yang merupakan kombinasiantara inokulasi CMA (tanpa, A. tuberculata,dan G. margarita) dan sumber P (tanpa P,anorganik P NH 4 HPO 4 , dan organik P Naphytate). Rancangan percobaan ialah rancanganacak lengkap faktorial dengan tiga ulangan untukmasing-masing perlakuan. Di hifosfer aktivitasfosfatase asam lebih tinggi daripada fosfatasealkalin, sedangkan di rhizosfer aktivitas fosfatasealkalin lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan aktivitasfosfatase asam. Aktivitas fosfatase asam dirhizosfer bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi A.tuberculata nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkandengan bibit yang tidak diinokulasi. Aktivitasfosfatase asam dan fosfatase alkalin sedikit lebihtinggi dengan inokulasi CMA. Sebaliknya,produksi asam organik antara bibit yangdiinokulasi dan bibit yang tidak diinokulasi tidakberbeda nyata. Tampak bahwa simbiosis CMAdengan kelapa sawit lebih meningkatkanmineralisasi P organik dan kurang meningkatkanpelarutan P anorganik.

Arsitektur akar bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi beberapa cendawan mikoriza arbuskula Root architecture of oil palm seedling inoculated with selected arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Happy WIDIASTUTI; Edi GUHARDJA; Nampiah SUKARNO; Latifah KOSIM DARUSMAN; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI; Sally SMITH
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 71 No. 1: 71 (1), 2003
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v71i1.182

Summary Oil palm is mostly cultivated in acid soil. The growth constraint of plant in acid soil is the limited availability of phosphorus (P) nutrient. Improvement of root system morphology and architecture have an important aspect since P is immobilized nutrient. Colonization of oil palm by rrbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase the P uptake of plant. However, there is no information related to the effect of AM fungal colonization on oil palm root morphology and architecture. A research has been conducted to asses the effect of colonization of two species of AM fungi on root system morphology and architecture of oil palm seedling. The research was conducted using Cikopomayak acid soil as medium in simple glass chamber. The plant material was from Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute, Medan while AM fungal inoculum was produced using pot culture. Six treatments assesed are combination of three levels of AM fungi inoculation (without inoculation with, Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita) and two levels of fertilization (without, and with fertilizer). The result showed that colonization of AM fungi could change the root system morphology, and root architecture. The root fresh weight, root dry weight, length, and volume were significantly higher with the AM fungi colonization especially A. tuberculata inoculation. However, specific root weight was not significantly different between inoculated and uninoculated. The enhancement was significantly observed 26 weeks after inoculation. Biside that, proportion of secondary root of oil palm inoculated with AM fungi was higher compared to primary root. Fertilization tend to reduced root growth. Fertilization reduced significantly root shoot ratio of inoculated as well as uninoculated seedlings. The rooting volume was higher in inoculated seedling compared to uninoculated. The highest enhancement of N, P, and K uptake was observed 26 weeks after inoculation. The better root morphology and architecture might be one mechanisms of AM fungi colonized oil palm seedlings in increasing P uptake. Ringkasan Umumnya tanaman kelapa sawit ditanam pada tanah masam. Hambatan pertumbuhan tanaman pada tanah masam adalah terbatasnya ketersediaan nutrisi P (fosforus). Oleh sebab itu perbaikan sistem morfologi dan arsitektur akar memiliki aspek yang penting disebabkan P merupakan nutrisi yang tidak mudah bergerak. Kolonisasi tanaman kelapa sawit dengan cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) akan meningkatkan penyerapan P oleh tanaman. Namun, hubungan antara simbiosis CMA dengan arsitektur perakaran kelapa sawit belum diketahui. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh kolonisasi dua spesies CMA pada sistem morfologi dan arsitektur akar bibit tanaman kelapa sawit. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan tanah masam Cikopomayak yang mengandung Al tinggi sebagai medium dalam kultur pot kaca yang sederhana. Kecambah kelapa sawit berasal dari Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS), Medan, sedangkan inokulum CMA diproduksi menggunakan kultur pot. Enam perlakuan yang diuji merupakan kombinasi tiga jenis inokulasi CMA ( tanpa inokulasi, inokulasi dengan Acaulospora tuberculata dan Gigaspora margarita) serta dua tingkat pemupukan (tanpa, dan dengan pemupukan). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi CMA merubah sistem morfologi dan arsitektur perakaran. Bobot basah, bobot kering, panjang dan volume akar nyata lebih tinggi pada tanaman yang dikolonisasi CMA khususnya A. tuberculata. Namun berat akar spesifik tidak beda nyata antara yang diinokulasi dan tanpa inokulasi. Peningkatan berat akar sangat nyata setelah 26 hari diinokulasi. Di samping itu proporsi akar sekunder lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan akar primer pada tanaman kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi CMA. Pemupukan pada umumnya menurunkan pertumbuhan akar dan secara nyata menurunkan nisbah akar pucuk. Volume perakaran lebih besar pada bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diinokulasi. Peningkatan serapan N, P, dan K tertinggi teramati 26 minggu setelah inokulasi. Morfologi perakaran yang lebih baik demikian pula arsitektur perakaran mungkin merupakan mekanisme bibit kelapa sawit bermikoriza dalam meningkatkan serapan P.

Karakteristik antibodi anti Ganoderma sp. yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan jenis dan sumber antigen yang berbeda [Characteristic of antibodies againt Ganoderma sp produced from different types and sources of antigens] Irma KRESNAWATY; Kholis A AUDAH; Hasim MUNAWAR; Happy WIDIASTUTI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 85 No. 1 (2017): 85 (1), 2017
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v85i1.239

Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma sp. is the most important disease in oil palm plantations.The effectivity of BSR control depends on early detection of this disease. The earlier the disease is known, the severity of damage could be prevented. Therefore, technology for early detection of Ganoderma infection is very important. Immunochromatographic techniques based on the reaction of antigens and antibodies can be developed for detection of Ganoderma sp infection. The objective of the study was to produce antibodies using different Ganoderma sp. In this study, immunoglobulin Y ( IgY ) against Ganoderma sp produced in chicken eggs was used as the source of antibodies. Laying hens were immunized with several types of Ganoderma sp. because it is known to have genetic variations. The source of Ganoderma sp. isolates were mycelium and exudates. The polyclonal IgY antibodies produced economically and abundantly. The antibodies derived from the mycelium showed more consistent results compared with those derived from the exudates. In addition, the antibodies derived from Ganoderma sp of Cimulang and Bekri showed higher reactivity with some of the antigens compared to those from Cisalak Baru (CSB). The characteristics and the protein profiles of antibodies produced using Cimulang, Bekri and Cisalak Baru isolates were vary in term of, sensitivity and amino acid compositions

Deteksi Ganoderma secara molekuler pada kebun kelapa sawit yang diberi perlakuan biofungisida Ganor (Molecular detection of Ganoderma on oil palm plantation treated with Ganor biofungicide) Hayati MINARSIH; Happy WIDIASTUTI; Djoko SANTOSO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 1 (2018): 86 (1), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v1i1.289

AbstractGanor organic fungicide potentially reduces Ganoderma, a pathogenic fungus causing basal stem rot disease. Application of Ganor on oil palm trees in the plantation attacked Ganoderma, inhibits the growth of Ganoderma fruiting bodies, improves rooting and stimulates the opening of the spear leaf. This study aims to identify molecularly the presence of Ganoderma in oil palm trees that have been attacked by Ganoderma routinely treated with Ganor for three months. Molecular analysis was performed by PCR using Ganoderma specific primers. The analysis results of sample from trunks and roots of oil palm, indicating that the Ganoderma infected oil palm which has been treated with Ganor, were relatively free (96.4%) of Ganoderma. Of the 28 samples examined of treated plants, 27 samples did not indicate the presence of Ganoderma specific DNA band. On the other hand, the untreated oil palm trees infected by Ganoderma were still detected by the appearence of DNA bands specific to Ganoderma. The results of molecular analysis indicated that Ganor treatments can effectively reduce the attack rate of Ganoderma in oil palm trees in the plantation infected by Ganoderma. However, the use of the molecular technique for early detection needs to be further tested to evaluate its consistency prior to introduction to the commercial growers. The reproducibility can be confirmed by repeating the experiment using more samples. Ganor effectiveness in curing oil palm trees infected by Ganoderma, maybe indicated by the ability of the reproductive organs to develop, particularly female flowers. The sex ratio of Ganor treated oil palms was clearly higher than that of control palms in 10 to 12 weeks after the treatment.[Keywords: organic fungicides, stem rot, molecular analysis, Elais guinensis Jack.] AbstrakFungisida organik Ganor berpotensi mengurangi serangan Ganoderma, cendawan patogenik penyebab penyakit busuk pangkal batang. Aplikasi Ganor pada tanaman kelapa sawit di kebun yang terserang Ganoderma, menghambat pertumbuhan tubuh buah Ganoderma, memper-baiki perakaran dan merangsang pembukaan daun tombak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi secara molekuler adanya Ganoderma pada tanaman kelapa sawit terserang Ganoderma yang telah mendapat perlakuan Ganor secara rutin selama tiga bulan. Analisis molekuler dilakukan dengan teknik PCR menggunakan primer DNA spesifik Ganoderma. Hasil analisis sampel batang dan akar tanaman kelapa sawit, menunjukkan bahwa tanaman Perlakuan, yaitu kelapa sawit terserang Ganoderma yang telah mendapat perlakuan Ganor, 96,4% bebas Ganoderma. Dari 28 sampel tanaman Perlakuan yang diperiksa, 27 sampel tidak menunjukkan adanya pita DNA spesfik Ganoderma. Sementara itu pada tanaman Kontrol, yaitu tanaman kelapa sawit terserang Ganoderma dan tidak mendapat perlakuan Ganor, 100% masih terdeteksi adanya Ganoderma. Dari 7 sampel tanaman kontrol yang diperiksa semuanya menunjukkan adanya pita DNA spesifik Ganoderma. Hasil analisis molekuler ini mengindikasikan bahwa perlakuan Ganor efektif mengurangi tingkat serangan Ganoderma pada tanaman kelapa sawit di kebun yang terinfeksi Ganoderma. Namun demikian, untuk lebih meyakinkan praktisi perkebunan, penggunakan teknik molekuler ini masih perlu diuji lebih lanjut terkait konsistensinya. Reprodusibilitas dapat dikonfirmasi dengan mengulangi percobaan menggunakan lebih banyak sampel. Efektivitas Ganor dalam menyehatkan tanaman kelapa sawit terserang Ganoderma ini, terindikasi juga dari perkembangan organ reproduktifnya. Sex ratio meningkat dalam waktu 10 hingga 12 minggu setelah perlakuan.[Kata Kunci: fungisida organik, busuk pangkal batang, analisis molekuler, Elais guinensis Jack. ]

Pengaruh kitosan, mikroba antagonis, dan bakteri endofit dalam menekan perkembangan penyakit bercak daun pada bibit kelapa kopyor (Effect of chitosan, antagonist and endophytic bacteria in suppressing the development of leaf spot disease in kopyor coconut seedlings) Deden Dewantara ERIS; Sri WAHYUNI; Imron RIYADI; Happy WIDIASTUTI; . SISWANTO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 87 No. 1 (2019): 87 (1), 2019
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v87i1.324

Currently, tissue culture is one of the best techniques in propagating of kopyor coconut. The important stage in plant propagation through tissue culture is acclimatization. Upon entering the acclimatization stage, the problem that couldarise in kopyor coconut seedlings is leaf spot disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichumsp., Curvularia sp. and Pestalotiopsissp. Environmentally friendly leaf spot disease control techniques can be done through the use of chitosan, antagonists microbes and endophytic bacteria. This study aimed to examine the use of chitosan, microbial antagonists, endophytic bacteria and their combinations to control leaf spot kopyor coconut disease in four different disease severity categories, namely severe/heavy, moderate, mild, and healthy.Disease development was observed every three weeks, while the rate of disease infection, area under the disease development curve (AUDPC) and disease progression/delta were observed 15 weeks after treatment. The result showed that in heavy severity category, endophytic bacteria treatment was more effective to inhibit leaf spot disease showed by AUDPC value of 131.95 units that significantly different compared to others. In the moderate category, combination treatment was more effective to suppress leaf spot disease, showed by the lowest infection rate by 0.03 unit per week, and percentage disease value progression changes was 12.10%, with no significantly different AUDPC value to the other treatments. In mild and healthy severity category, there were no significanly different between the rate of infection and AUDPC in all treatments. While the percentage of change progression disease was significantly different between endophytic treatment and control. [Keywords: coconut kopyor seedling, leaf spot disease, antagonist microbes, endophyticbacteria, chitosan]Abstrak Saat ini, teknik kultur jaringan merupakan salah satu teknik terbaik untuk memproduksi bibit kelapa kopyor. Tahap penting dalam perbanyakan tanaman melalui kultur jaringan adalah aklimatisasi. Pada saat memasuki tahap aklimatisasi, masalah yang dapat muncul pada bibit kelapa kopyor adalah serangan penyakit bercak daun yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Colletotrichumsp., Curvulariasp. dan Pestalotiopsis sp.Teknik pengendalian penyakit bercak daun yang ramah lingkungan dapat melalui pemanfaatan kitosan, mikroba antagonis dan bakteri endofit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kitosan, mikroba antagonis, bakteri endofit dan kombinasinya untuk mengendalikan penyakit bercak daun bibit kelapa kopyor pada empat kategori keparahan penyakit yang berbeda yaitu berat, sedang, ringan, dan sehat. Perkembangan penyakit diamati setiap tiga minggu selama 15 minggu sedangkan laju infeksi penyakit, luas area dibawah kurva perkembangan penyakit (AUDPC)dan persentase selisih/delta perkembangan penyakit dihitung pada minggu ke 15.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada bibit kelapa kopyor dengan kategori keparahan berat, perlakuan bakteri endofit lebih efektif menghambat bercak daun dengan menghasilkan nilai AUDPC terkecil yaitu sebesar 131,95 unit dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya sedangkan laju infeksi dan persentase delta perkembangan penyakit tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Pada bibit kopyor kategori keparahan sedang, perlakuan kombinasi lebih efektif menekan bercak daun ditunjukkan dengan laju infeksi terendah sebesar 0,03 unit per minggu yang menghasilkan delta perkembangan penyakit terkecil yakni sebesar 12,1%, dengan nilai AUDPC tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Pada bibit kopyor kategori keparahan ringan dan sehat, tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata untuk parameter laju infeksi dan nilai AUDPC pada semua perlakuan. Sedangkan nilai persentase delta perkembangan penyakit pada perlakuan endofit berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengankontrol. [Kata Kunci: bibit kelapa kopyor, penyakit bercak daun, kitosan, mikroba antagonis, bakteri endofit]

Recent studies of synthetic antibody-based 3-MCPD determination technology Hasim MUNAWAR; Prima LUNA; Irma KRESNAWATY; Happy WIDIASTUTI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 89 No. 1 (2021): 89 (1), 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.402

3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as carcinogenic material. 3-MCPD will also become one of the European Union's requirements, proposing the maximum level of the 3-MCPD in palm oil until 2.5 ppm. Although the reported technologies GCMS and HPLC-FLD demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity on 3-MCPD determination, those technologies invest in chemical and time-consuming sample preparation and analysis. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), or a synthetic antibody, can be used to recognize 3-MCPD. MIP is more robust under extreme environments such as temperature and pH. This paper, therefore, aims to discuss the application of MIP on sample extraction and analysis to detect 3-MCPD. MIP is synthesized by polymerization of functional monomers surrounding 3-MCPD as a template. 3-MCPD is then removed from the MIP, leaving active cavities. Thus, these sites can either covalently or non-covalently rebind to 3-MCPD. Computational or empirical studies could investigate the composition of MIP. MIP can be manufactured as MIP-based solid phase extraction (MIPSPE) and MIP-based sensor. Both applications showed significant analytical parameters, such as recovery higher than 90% and detection limit lower than 2.5 ppm. Therefore, the application of MIP can be flexible for sample preparation and analysis on the 3-MCPD determination. MIP-based technology would be a prospective instrument to detect 3-MCPD. In the future, producing MIP on an industrial scale will be a challenge to monitor the 3-MCPD level in palm oil.

Potensi electronic nose 118 untuk mendeteksi penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada kelapa sawit Agustin Sri MULYATNI; Irma KRESNAWATY; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Tri PANJI; Wita KIMBERLY; Happy WIDIASTUTI; Priyono PRIYONO; Chotimah CHOTIMAH; Kuwat TRIYANA
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 90 No. 1 (2022): 90 (1), 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i1.472

AbstractBasal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma sp. is a major disease in oil palm. One of the keys to successfully control BSR disease is to detect the pathogenic infections as early as possible. Early detection technique has been developed in this study was using volatile compounds sensors known as an electronic nose, specifically Electronic Nose 118. Plant samples were obtained from roots, stems, leaves, and soils of four plant categories, which were midly, moderately, and severely infected by Ganoderma, and healthy plants. The test results showed that Electronic Nose was able to record the profile of volatile organic compounds (VOC) produced by Ganoderma sp. The Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) results showed that the root and stem samples were differentiated in fairly high level of discrimination with values of 89.66% and 94.59% respectively, while for internal validation value were 98.18% and 89.18%. However, for leaf and soil samples, Electronic Nose 118 resulted in low discriminations. The test results show that Electronic Nose 118 can distinguish samples of roots and stems of healthy plant and Ganoderma-infected plant with a high accuracy.[Keywords: Ganoderma, linier discriminant analysis (LDA), pathogen infection, sensor, volatile organic compound] AbstrakPenyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) yang disebabkan oleh Ganoderma sp. merupakan penyakit utama pada kelapa sawit. Salah satu kunci keberhasilan pengendalian penyakit BPB adalah diketahuinya infeksi patogen sedini mungkin. Teknik deteksi dini yang saat ini dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan sensor senyawa volatil yang dikenal dengan electronic nose, khususnya Electronic Nose 118. Sampel tanaman diperoleh dari akar, batang, daun, dan tanah dari empat kondisi tanaman, yaitu tanaman yang terinfeksi Ganoderma ringan, sedang, berat dan tanaman sehat. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa profil senyawa organik volatil yang dihasilkan oleh infeksi Ganoderma sp. dapat ditangkap oleh Electronic Nose 118 dengan baik. Hasil analisis Linear Discriminat Analysis (LDA) menunjukkan bahwa sampel akar dan batang terbedakan dengan tingkat diskriminasi yang cukup tinggi dengan nilai secara berurutan yaitu 89,66% dan 94,59%, sedangkan untuk validasi internal masing-masing 98,18% dan 89,18%. Namun demikian, untuk sampel daun dan tanah, pengujian dengan Electronic Nose 118 menghasilkan tingkat diskriminasi yang rendah. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan Electronic Nose 118 dapat membedakan sampel akar dan batang dari tanaman sehat dan tanaman terserang Ganoderma dengan akurasi tinggi.[Kata kunci : Ganoderma, LDA, infeksi patogen, sensor, senyawa organik volatil]

Optimalisasi Produksi dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jahe pada Beberapa Naungan Kurnianingsih, Astuti; Sudradjat; Sudirman Yahya; Suryo Wiyono; Happy Widiastuti
Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia (JHI) Vol. 13 No. 3 (2022): Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Horticulture / Department of Agronomy and Horticulture

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jhi.13.3.133-139

Jahe (Zingiber officinale) merupakan tumbuhan herba tahunan termasuk famili Zingiberaceae. Rimpang tanaman jahe mengandung dua kelas konstituen: minyak atsiri dan oleoresin, yang bermanfaat untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit seperti; diabetes, tekanan darah tinggi, kanker dan banyak penyakit lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh naungan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman, biomassa dan kandungan gingerol. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun Pendidikan Cikabayan bulan Juli 2021-April 2022. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok satu faktor yaitu naungan yang terdiri dari empat taraf yaitu N0 0% (cahaya penuh), dan paranet dengan kerapatan N1 = 25%, N2 = 50% dan N3 = 75%. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali, sehingga terdapat 12 unit percobaan, masing-masing unit percobaan memiliki 6 tanaman contoh. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian naungan dengan kerapatan 50% dan 75% menghasilkan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun jahe tertinggi dibandingkan tanpa naungan dan naungan kerapatan 25%. Komponen biomassa tanaman dipengaruhi oleh pemberian naungan. Pemberian perlakuan naungan tidak berbeda nyata terhadap tebal daun, jumlah stomata dan kerapatan stomata. Perlakuan pemberian naungan terhadap kadar senyawa gingerol pada tanaman jahe memberikan perbedaan yang nyata pada perlakuan naungan 75%, nilai tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan naungan dengan kerapatan 50% dengan nilai 12.10. Tanaman jahe dapat ditanam dan beradaptasi baik pada intensitas cahaya yang rendah.Kata kunci: biomass, gingerol, intensitas, rimpang

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