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Enhancement of surface appearance of wood products in wood working industry has been done by application of wood stain. However, the use of wood stains has been recently limited due to emission of a hazardous material. Through this work a new technique of ammonia fuming has been experimented. The purpose of the research work was to investigate the effect of ammonia fuming and wood characteristics on the surface appearance of nangka wood (Artocarpus heteropyllus). The experimental result show Wayan DARMAWAN; Istie S RAHAYU; Dodi NANDIKA; Widyana LUZA
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2011): Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Enhancement of surface appearance of wood products in wood working industry has been done by application of wood stain. However, the use of wood stains has been recently limited due to emission of a hazardous material. Through this work a new technique of ammonia fuming has been experimented. The purpose of the research work was to investigate the effect of ammonia fuming and wood characteristics on the surface appearance of nangka wood (Artocarpus heteropyllus). The experimental result showed that ammonia in the volume of 2 liter could change significantly the natural color of (16 x 8 x 2) cm size nangka wood after 24 hours of fuming. Increasing in the period of fuming to 48 hours did not provide any difference in color compared to the 24 hours of fuming, however the 48 hours fuming generated deeper changes in color on the surfaces of the wood. Heartwood of nangka was observed to generate more significant changes in color compared to the sapwood. Fresh wood produced a darker color than air-dried wood. The wood treated by ammonia fuming showed an increase in resistance against termite and decayed fungi attacks. Keywords : ammonia fuming, finishing, heartwood and sapwood, preservation

Effects of Nodes on the Properties of Laminated Bamboo Lumber I. M. Sulastiningsih; Surdiding Ruhendi; Muh. Yusram Massijaya; I Wayan Darmawan; Adi Santoso
Wood Research Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2013.4.1.19-24

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of node on the properties of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL) glued with water based polymer-isocyanate adhesive. Bamboo strips for LBL fabrication were prepared from andong bamboo (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea) collected from private gardens in West Java. Each bamboo strip has dimension of 40 cm x 2 cm x 0.5 cm. The bamboo strips were assigned into 3 groups by the node positions: without node, with node position of 10 cm from one end of the bamboo strip, and with node position in the centre of the bamboo strip. Prior LBL fabrication, the bamboo strips were treated by cold soaking in 7% boron solution for 2 h. The laboratory scale 3-layer laminated bamboo lumbers were manufactured with 5 different layer compositions: all layers made of bamboo strips without node, inner layer made of bamboo strips with nodes at 10 cm from one end of the strip, inner layer made of bamboo strips with nodes at the centre of the strip, all layers made of bamboo strips with nodes at 10 cm from one end of the strip, and all layers made of bamboo strips with nodes at the centre of the strip. The glue spread and cold pressing time applied were 250 g/m2 and 1 h, respectively.The results showed that the average density, moisture content, thickness swelling, bending strength and compression strength of laminated bamboo lumbers were 0.74 g/cm3, 11.3%, 2.9%, 1090 kg/cm2,and560 kg/ cm2, respectively. No delamination occurred in all samples, indicating high bonding quality. The average bonding strength (dry test) of laminated bamboo lumbers was 70.3 kg/cm2. Several properties of laminated bamboo lumber were not significantly affected by the present of nodes in the bamboo strips except the thickness swelling and compression strength.

PENGARUH KOMPOSISI ARAH LAPISAN TERHADAP SIFAT PAPAN BAMBU KOMPOSIT I.M. Sulastiningsih; Surdiding Ruhendi; Muh. Yusram Massijaya; Wayan Darmawan; Adi Santoso
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 32, No 3 (2014): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2014.32.3.221-234

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi arah lapisan terhadap sifat papan bambu komposit (PBK). Jenis bambu yang digunakan adalah bambu andong (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea) berumur sekitar 4 tahun yang diperoleh dari tanaman rakyat di Jawa Barat. Bilah bambu andong yang digunakan untuk membuat PBK diberi perlakuan pendahuluan dengan jalan direndam dalam larutan boron 7% selama 2 jam. Produk PBK 5 lapis dibuat dengan 4 macam variasi komposisi arah lapisan. Bambu lamina dibuat dengan menggunakan perekat isosianat water based polymer-isocyanate (WBPI) dengan berat labur perekat 250 g/m2 permukaan, dikempa dingin dengan lama pengempaan 45 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kerapatan, kadar air, pengembangan tebal, dan pengembangan lebar PBK berturut-turut adalah 0,79g/cm3, 12,60%, 2,38%, dan 1,13%. Kualitas perekatan PBK yang dibuat dengan perekat isosianat (WBPI) cukup baik yang ditunjukkan oleh tidak terjadinya delaminasi pada semua contoh uji untuk pengujian delaminasi. Keteguhan rekat rata-rata (uji kering) PBK yang dibuat dari bambu andong dengan perekat isosianat adalah 70,4 kg/cm2. Sifat fisis dan mekanis PBK sangat dipengaruhi oleh komposisi arah lapisan penyusun PBK. Sifat mekanis PBK menurun dengan meningkatnya jumlah lapisan silang dalam komposisi lapisan penyusun PBK. Sebaliknya keberadaan lapisan silang dalam komposisi lapisan penyusun PBK meningkatkan kestabilan dimensi PBK yang dihasilkan.

PENGARUH KOMPOSISI ARAH LAPISAN TERHADAP SIFAT PAPAN BAMBU KOMPOSIT I.M. Sulastiningsih; Surdiding Ruhendi; Muh. Yusram Massijaya; Wayan Darmawan; Adi Santoso
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 32, No 3 (2014): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi arah lapisan terhadap sifat papan bambu komposit (PBK). Jenis bambu yang digunakan adalah bambu andong (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea) berumur sekitar 4 tahun yang diperoleh dari tanaman rakyat di Jawa Barat. Bilah bambu andong yang digunakan untuk membuat PBK diberi perlakuan pendahuluan dengan jalan direndam dalam larutan boron 7% selama 2 jam. Produk PBK 5 lapis dibuat dengan 4 macam variasi komposisi arah lapisan. Bambu lamina dibuat dengan menggunakan perekat isosianat water based polymer-isocyanate (WBPI) dengan berat labur perekat 250 g/m2 permukaan, dikempa dingin dengan lama pengempaan 45 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kerapatan, kadar air, pengembangan tebal, dan pengembangan lebar PBK berturut-turut adalah 0,79g/cm3, 12,60%, 2,38%, dan 1,13%. Kualitas perekatan PBK yang dibuat dengan perekat isosianat (WBPI) cukup baik yang ditunjukkan oleh tidak terjadinya delaminasi pada semua contoh uji untuk pengujian delaminasi. Keteguhan rekat rata-rata (uji kering) PBK yang dibuat dari bambu andong dengan perekat isosianat adalah 70,4 kg/cm2. Sifat fisis dan mekanis PBK sangat dipengaruhi oleh komposisi arah lapisan penyusun PBK. Sifat mekanis PBK menurun dengan meningkatnya jumlah lapisan silang dalam komposisi lapisan penyusun PBK. Sebaliknya keberadaan lapisan silang dalam komposisi lapisan penyusun PBK meningkatkan kestabilan dimensi PBK yang dihasilkan.

The Effect of Jabon Veneer Quality on Laminated Veneer Lumber Glue Bond and Bending Strength Istie Rahayu; Wayan Darmawan; Naresworo Nugroho; Remy Marchal
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 13, No 2 (2015): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) is a fast growing wood species widely planted by community in Indonesia. Jabon has large percentage of juvenile wood which affect its veneer quality. This research objective were to determine the effects of wood juvenility and pretreatment on lathe checks, surface roughness and contact angle of the 3.00 mm rotary-cut jabon veneer and to analyze the impact of lathe checks frequency on the LVL glue bond and bending strength. Jabon logs were subjected to boiling in 75 °C water for4 h. Then they were peeled to produce 3.00 mm veneers in thickness. Frequency, length and depth of lathe checks were measured per 10 cm veneer length by using optical microscope. Laminated veneer lumber (20x20x500) mm3 were made from 7-ply of jabon veneers by using Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVAc) as adhesive. Glue bond strength and bending strength were measured by UTM Instron. The results showed lathe check (frequency, length and depth), surface roughness and contact angle were influenced by juvenility. Glue bond strength, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of jabon LVL decreased as frequency of lathe check increased.

Characteristics of Sengon Rotary-Cut Veneer Abigael Kabe; Wayan Darmawan; Muhammad Y Massijaya
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Fast growing sengon is largely rotary-cut to produce veneer for plywood, com-ply and LVL. In order to provide better information on veneer production and utilization, in this study the effects of wood juvenility and veneer thickness on lathe checks of sengon rotary-cut veneer were evaluated. Before veneer manufacturing, the sengon log was boiled at 50 and 75 oC for 4 and 8 h, respectively. The boiled logs were peeled to produce veneer of 1 and 2 mm in thickness. Lathe checks of veneers were measured under an optical video microscope. The rotary-cut veneer was grouped and evaluated separately at every segmented ring of 2 cm from pith to bark. The results showed that wood juvenility and veneer thickness had an important effect on lathe checks for the rotary-cut veneer. In general, the number of lathe check of the veneer increases with increasing veneer thickness and increase from pith to bark. Boiling of logs before rotary-cutting could decrease the value of lathe check. The results indicated that boiling of logs at 50 oC for 8 h, and at 75 oC for 4 and 8 h could minimize the number of lathe checks in manufacturing of 1 and 2 mm rotary-cut veneer from juvenile wood sengon.Key words: juvenility, lathe check, Paraserianthes falcataria, rotary-cut veneer, veneer thickness

The Quality of Zephyr Board Made from Oil Palm Brunch (Eleais guenensis Jacq.) Lusita Wardani; Muhammad Y Massijaya; Yusuf Sudo Hadi; Wayan Darmawan
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 11, No 2 (2013): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical, mechanical and durability properties of zephyr board made from oil palm petiole. Urea formaldehyde (UF), phenol formaldehyde (PF) and isocyanate (IC) resins were used to bind zephyrs. Board size produced was (300x300x12) mm3, and target density of zephyr board was set at 0.80 g cm-3. The temperature and pressure of hot pressing were set at 120 °C and 25 kg cm-2 for 20 min. The result showed that physical and mechanical properties of zephyr board fulfilled JIS A 5908-2003. All board density in this experiment did not reach the density target. The moisture content of zephyr board bonded with IC resin was the lowest compared to zephyr board bonded with UF and PF resins. Over all the mechanical properties of zephyr board bonded with UF resin showed the best result in term of modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB), and screw resistant (SR) parameters compared with zephyr board bonded with PF and Isocyanate resins. Zephyr board was classified into I-II class for strength class and I-IV class for resistance against dry and subterranean termites, attack respectively.Key words: durability, mechanical properties, physical properties, resin type, zephyr board

Pengaruh Kondisi Permukaan terhadap Daya Lekat Lapisan Pelindung Andi T. Lestari; I. Wayan Darmawan; Dodi Nandika
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 14, No 1 (2016): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh kondisi permukaan kayu jati Perhutani, pinus dan jati rakyat (penampang radial dan tangensial) terhadap daya lekat bahan lapisan pelindung permukaan. Contoh uji diampelas dan diukur tingkat kekasarannya (Ra) menggunakan roughness tester TR200. Water repellent (WR), bahan pengawet, cat dan kombinasinya dilaburkan pada permukaan kayu. Pengujian keterbasahan dilakukan dengan pengukuran sudut kontak (contact angle) antara cairan dan permukaan contoh uji. Sudut kontak tersebut diukur menggunakan Motic Images Plus (MIP) versi 2.0. Nilai sudut kontak statis ditentukan menggunakan program PROC NLIN dari SAS. Nilai Ra bervariasi antara 2,51-5,80 m. Penampang radial memiliki nilai Ra yang lebih kecil dari penampang tangensial. Jati rakyat dan pinus menghasilkan nilai Ra yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jati Perhutani. WR menghasilkan sifat keterbasahan yang rendah dengan sudut kontak statisnya mencapai 134o. Sifat keterbasahan bahan pengawet tinggi dengan sudut kontak statis 8,92o. Kombinasi antara cat dan WR, serta cat dan bahan pengawet menghasilkan daya lekat yang paling kuat dibandingkan dengan kombinasi antara cat, bahan pengawet, dan WR. Daya lekat lapisan pelindung permukaan kayu jati rakyat relatif sama dengan kayu pinus, namun daya lekat keduanya lebih baik dibandingkan dengan jati Perhutani.

Antiproliferative Activities of Anthocephalus cadamba Extracts on Human Breast Cancer and Cervical Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines Rita K Sari; Devi Armilasari; Deded S Nawawi; Wayan Darmawan; Silmi Mariya
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 12, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The aim of this research was to evaluate the anticancer properties of methanolic extracts from inner bark and wood of jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba). The extracts were investigated in vitro bioassay for its possible antiproliferative activities on human MCF7 breast cancer cell line and HeLa cervical adenocarcinoma cell lines. The cell viability were assessed using microculture tetrazolium technique (MTT) colorimetric assay. The results showed that inner bark extract exhibited higher antiproliferative activity on MCF7 cancer cell line (IC50 91 μg ml-1) than wood extract (IC50 312 μg ml-1). But, antiproliferative activity of inner bark extract on HeLa cell lines was higher (IC50 5 μg ml-1). The inner bark extract is potential to be developed as anti cancer agent in cervical adenocarcinoma cancer therapy because moresecure against Vero normal cells (IC50 288 μg ml-1). Whereas compounds such as phenolic and fatty acid contribute to high antiproliferative activities of inner bark extract. The qualitative analysis detect the extracts containing flavonoids, triterpenoids, saphonin which are thought to contribute to the high antiproliferative activities of this extract.Keywords : Anthocephalus cadamba, antiproliferative activity, human MCF7 breast cancer cell line, HeLa cervical adenocarcinoma cell lines, Vero normal cell lines

The Effect of Zephyr Layer Orientation on Zephyrboard Made from Oil Palm Petiole Wardani, Lusita; Massijaya, Muhamad Yusram; Hadi, Yusuf Sudo; Darmawan, I Wayan
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 18, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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It is very important to utilize oil palm petiole for the production of zephyr boards. This study aimed to analyze the effect of layer orientation on zephyr board quality. Zephyr boards were made with three coating patterns (A = cross perpendicular, B= combine A and C, and C= paralell) and five zephyr layers using urea formaldehyde adhesive. They were pressed for 20 min at a pressure of 25 kgf/cm² and a temperature 120 ºC, to a target density of 0.80 g/cm³ and a size of 300 mm X 300 mm X 12 mm. Our results showed that the physical and mechanical properties fulfilled the standards of JIS A 5908-2003. The best physical properties were found in the type C layer pattern, which had a density of 0.82 g/cm³, Mouisture Content of 9.46%, Water Absorpsion of 16.49%, and Thickness Swelling of 16.49%. The best mechanical properties—Modulus Of Elasticity and Modulus Of Repture —were also found in the type C layer pattern, with values of 35.2 x 10-3 kgf/cm² and 603.9 kgf/cm², respectively. However, the best IB and screw holding strength (SW) results were found with the type B layer pattern (Internal bonding B of 38.65 kgf/cm², Screw Withdrawl of 145.11 kgf).

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