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The Relevance of Law Number 28 of 2004 concerning Foundations in the Development of Educational and Social Institutions in Indonesia Aji, Ahmad Mukri; Yunus, Nur Rohim; Mukri, Syarifah Gustiawati
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol 11, No 4 (2024): Winter Edition
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v11i4.45764

Foundations have a strategic role in organising educational services and social activities in Indonesia. As a non-profit entity, foundations are expected to contribute to community development through professional and sustainable management of academic and social institutions. However, in practice, there are still many deviations in the management of foundations, especially related to governance, financial transparency, and asset protection. This study aims to analyse the relevance of Law Number 28 of 2004 concerning Foundations in supporting the development of educational and social institutions in Indonesia, with a focus on legal provisions, implementation in the field, and implementation challenges. This study uses a qualitative method with a legislative and conceptual approach. Data were collected through document studies of laws and regulations, scientific journals, and case studies of relevant educational and social foundations. The analysis was carried out descriptively-analystically to identify the effectiveness of the regulation and its suitability to the community's actual needs. The study results indicate that Law No. 28 of 2004 has provided a relatively solid legal framework in regulating the organisational structure of foundations, non-profit principles, and restrictions on conflicts of interest. However, there are still weaknesses in the implementation aspect, such as the lack of understanding of foundation administrators regarding legal obligations and weak oversight mechanisms. Therefore, it is necessary to revise several legal norms to be more responsive to educational and social needs, improve legal education for foundation managers, and strengthen the role of guidance by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights.Keywords: Foundation; Law No. 28 of 2004; education; social activities; governance.

Limitations of Foundation Business Activities from the Perspective of Law Number 28 of 2004 Concerning Foundations Mukri, Syarifah Gustiawati; Aji, Ahmad Mukri; Yunus, Nur Rohim
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Summer Edition
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v12i2.45753

A foundation as a non-profit legal entity has a vital role in organising social, religious, and humanitarian activities. However, in practice, many foundations are involved in business activities directly and commercially, thus giving rise to legal issues related to violations of the non-profit principle, which is the basis for establishing the foundation. This study aims to analyse the limitations of business activities permitted for foundations according to Law No. 28 of 2004 concerning Amendments to Law No. 16 of 2001 concerning Foundations, and to explain the legal implications for foundations that exceed these provisions. This study uses a qualitative approach with a normative legal research type. The methods used include a statute and conceptual approach, with data sources from laws and regulations, scientific literature, legal documents, and related jurisprudence. The study results indicate that business activities can only be carried out by foundations through capital participation in business entities that are under the intent and purpose of the foundation. Foundations are prohibited from running a business directly and distributing profits to patrons, administrators, and supervisors. Violating these provisions can have legal implications in the form of administrative sanctions up to the foundation's dissolution. Therefore, compliance with legal restrictions is crucial in maintaining the legitimacy and sustainability of the foundation's social function.Keywords: Foundation; Business Activities; Limitations

Legal Analysis of a Foundation's Legal Entity Status under Law Number 28 of 2004: Intersection of Social and Commercial Interests Yunus, Nur Rohim; Aji, Ahmad Mukri; Mukri, Syarifah Gustiawati
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Summer Edition
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v12i1.45691

This study aims to analyse the legal status of foundations by Law No. 28 of 2004 and to examine the legal implications of the misuse of foundation functions between social and business interests. Foundations, as non-profit legal entities, play a strategic role in social and educational activities; however, in practice, there is a potential for the misuse of their functions for business activities that conflict with their social goals. This study employs a qualitative method, combining a literature and legislative approach, which analyses various legal sources and related provisions to explore the legal regulations surrounding foundations, their role in social and business activities, and the legal implications of a foundation deviating from its social goals. The results of the study indicate that although Law No. 28 of 2004 provides a clear legal basis for foundations, the practice of misusing foundation functions for business activities can still occur. Therefore, strict government supervision and adherence to the principles of transparency and accountability are necessary to ensure that foundations continue to operate in accordance with the social goals mandated by law.Keywords: Foundation; legal entity; Law No. 28 of 2004; social activities; business activities; legal implications

The Position of Mahkamah Syar-iyah in Indonesian Judicial System Aji, Ahmad Mukri
STAATSRECHT: Indonesian Constitutional Law Journal Vol 7, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : UIN JAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/siclj.v7i1.35634

Mahkamah Syar'iyah memiliki kedudukan dalam sistem peradilan di Indonesia sebagai pengadilan agama yang memiliki kewenangan khusus dalam memeriksa, mengadili, memutus, dan menyelesaikan perkara yang meliputi bidang ahwal al-syakhsyiyah (hukum keluarga), muamalah (hukum perdata), dan jinayah (hukum pidana) yang didasarkan atas syari’at Islam. Mahkamah Syar'iyah berada di bawah Mahkamah Agung dan memiliki kewenangan di wilayah Provinsi Aceh. Mahkamah Syar'iyah merupakan pengembangan dari Pengadilan Agama dengan perubahan kewenangan yang meliputi perkara jinayat.Dalam sistem peradilan di Indonesia, Mahkamah Syar'iyah memiliki kedudukan yang sama dengan pengadilan-pengadilan lainnya, seperti Pengadilan Negeri, Pengadilan Tinggi, dan Mahkamah Agung. Namun, Mahkamah Syar'iyah memiliki kewenangan yang lebih khusus dalam memeriksa dan mengadili perkara yang berdasarkan syari'at Islam. Kewenangan Mahkamah Syar'iyah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh.Dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan, kedudukan Mahkamah Syar'iyah dalam sistem peradilan di Indonesia harus diperhatikan dengan baik. Peraturan perundang-undangan harus dapat memberikan pengaturan yang jelas mengenai kewenangan Mahkamah Syar'iyah dalam memeriksa dan mengadili perkara yang berdasarkan syari'at Islam. Oleh karena itu, dalam penyusunan naskah akademik peraturan perundang-undangan, perlu memperhatikan aspek-aspek yang berkaitan dengan kedudukan Mahkamah Syar'iyah dalam sistem peradilan di Indonesia.

The Position of Mahkamah Syar-iyah in Indonesian Judicial System Aji, Ahmad Mukri
STAATSRECHT: Indonesian Constitutional Law Journal Vol 7, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : UIN JAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/siclj.v7i1.35634

Mahkamah Syar'iyah memiliki kedudukan dalam sistem peradilan di Indonesia sebagai pengadilan agama yang memiliki kewenangan khusus dalam memeriksa, mengadili, memutus, dan menyelesaikan perkara yang meliputi bidang ahwal al-syakhsyiyah (hukum keluarga), muamalah (hukum perdata), dan jinayah (hukum pidana) yang didasarkan atas syari’at Islam. Mahkamah Syar'iyah berada di bawah Mahkamah Agung dan memiliki kewenangan di wilayah Provinsi Aceh. Mahkamah Syar'iyah merupakan pengembangan dari Pengadilan Agama dengan perubahan kewenangan yang meliputi perkara jinayat.Dalam sistem peradilan di Indonesia, Mahkamah Syar'iyah memiliki kedudukan yang sama dengan pengadilan-pengadilan lainnya, seperti Pengadilan Negeri, Pengadilan Tinggi, dan Mahkamah Agung. Namun, Mahkamah Syar'iyah memiliki kewenangan yang lebih khusus dalam memeriksa dan mengadili perkara yang berdasarkan syari'at Islam. Kewenangan Mahkamah Syar'iyah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh.Dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan, kedudukan Mahkamah Syar'iyah dalam sistem peradilan di Indonesia harus diperhatikan dengan baik. Peraturan perundang-undangan harus dapat memberikan pengaturan yang jelas mengenai kewenangan Mahkamah Syar'iyah dalam memeriksa dan mengadili perkara yang berdasarkan syari'at Islam. Oleh karena itu, dalam penyusunan naskah akademik peraturan perundang-undangan, perlu memperhatikan aspek-aspek yang berkaitan dengan kedudukan Mahkamah Syar'iyah dalam sistem peradilan di Indonesia.

Analysis of the Legal Status of Foundations as Legal Entities in Indonesia Based on Law Number 28 of 2004 Aji, Ahmad Mukri; Yunus, Nur Rohim; Mukri, Syarifah Gustiawati
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): Spring Edition
Publisher : SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v12i1.45674

This study examines the legal status of foundations, the legal implications of foundation management exceeding its authority or failing to fulfill its duties, and the obstacles to enforcing the law against foundations that deviate from their obligations. The background of this study is based on the importance of foundations as non-profit legal entities in social, religious, and humanitarian activities. However, there are often deviations in management that are detrimental to the community and undermine the foundation's goals. The study employs a qualitative method, combining a literature-based approach with a normative legal approach. Data were obtained from a comprehensive literature study, encompassing legal literature, scientific journals, laws and regulations, as well as the opinions of legal experts. Law No. 28 of 2004 was analysed in a normative legal manner, focusing on the legal status of foundations and their legal implications. The results of the study indicate that Law No. 28 of 2004 provides legal protection for foundation assets, ensuring that they are used exclusively for social, religious, and humanitarian purposes. However, foundation management can be held personally liable if they abuse their authority or are negligent in their duties. The study also identified obstacles to enforcing the law against foundations that deviate, including weak government supervision, unclear authority between agencies, and a complex bureaucracy. This study emphasises the importance of strengthening effective regulation and oversight so that foundations can carry out their functions by the objectives of their establishment, providing legal certainty and optimal protection for both the community and the foundation itself.Keywords: Foundation; Legal Entity; Legal Status

Legal Implications on Social and Educational Activities Regarding the Change in The Position of Foundations in Law Number 28 of 2004 Aji, Ahmad Mukri; Yunus, Nur Rohim; Mukri, Syarifah Gustiawati
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024): Spring Edition
Publisher : SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v11i1.45678

This study examines the legal implications of changes to the status of foundations as outlined in Law No. 28 of 2004, specifically regarding their social and educational activities in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyse how changes in the status of foundations as legal entities affect their management, and to identify solutions that can optimise the role of foundations in the social and educational fields. This study employs a qualitative research method, incorporating a literature-based approach and legal analysis. Data were obtained from various sources, including scientific journals, legal literature, and relevant laws and regulations, which were analysed using a normative legal approach. The results of the study indicate that the changes regulated in Law No. 28 of 2004 provide a more substantial legal basis for foundations to carry out social and educational activities more accountably and transparently. However, there are challenges related to the management and supervision of foundations that must be faced, including the potential for abuse of authority by foundation administrators. This study suggests the need for strengthening regulations, more effective supervision, and the application of sound corporate governance principles to ensure that foundations play a maximum role in social and educational activities.Keywords: Legal Implications; Foundations; Social and Educational Activities: Changes in the Status of Foundations

Legal Analysis of a Foundation's Legal Entity Status under Law Number 28 of 2004: Intersection of Social and Commercial Interests Yunus, Nur Rohim; Aji, Ahmad Mukri; Mukri, Syarifah Gustiawati
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): Summer Edition
Publisher : SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v12i1.45691

This study aims to analyse the legal status of foundations by Law No. 28 of 2004 and to examine the legal implications of the misuse of foundation functions between social and business interests. Foundations, as non-profit legal entities, play a strategic role in social and educational activities; however, in practice, there is a potential for the misuse of their functions for business activities that conflict with their social goals. This study employs a qualitative method, combining a literature and legislative approach, which analyses various legal sources and related provisions to explore the legal regulations surrounding foundations, their role in social and business activities, and the legal implications of a foundation deviating from its social goals. The results of the study indicate that although Law No. 28 of 2004 provides a clear legal basis for foundations, the practice of misusing foundation functions for business activities can still occur. Therefore, strict government supervision and adherence to the principles of transparency and accountability are necessary to ensure that foundations continue to operate in accordance with the social goals mandated by law.Keywords: Foundation; legal entity; Law No. 28 of 2004; social activities; business activities; legal implications

Dysfunction and Deviation in the Role of Foundation Organs in Indonesia Mukri, Syarifah Gustiawati; Aji, Ahmad Mukri; Yunus, Nur Rohim
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024): Spring Edition
Publisher : SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v12i1.45718

Foundations, as non-profit legal entities, play a crucial role in supporting social, educational, religious, and humanitarian activities in Indonesia. However, in practice, many foundations still fail to carry out their organisational functions in accordance with applicable legal provisions. This study aims to analyse in depth the roles and tasks of trustees, Management, and Supervisors of foundations, as regulated in Law No. 28 of 2004, an amendment to Law No. 16 of 2001. It seeks to identify the causes of deviations and structural dysfunction in the management of foundations. This study employs a qualitative, juridical-normative, and empirical approach, utilising data collection techniques that include literature reviews and interviews with representatives from several foundations in Indonesia. The study's results indicate that a gap remains between legal norms and their implementation in the field, particularly in areas such as abuse of authority, conflicts of interest, and inadequate internal supervision systems within foundations. This is due to a lack of understanding of the role of each organ and suboptimal supervision by the Trustees and Supervisors. Therefore, efforts are needed to strengthen institutional and regulatory capacity, as well as legal education for foundation actors, to improve the governance and accountability of foundations sustainably.Keywords: Foundation; Trustees; Management; Supervisor; Law No. 28 of 2004; Non-Profit; Governance

Legal Implications Regarding Changes to The Foundation's Articles of Association according to Law Number 28 of 2004 Yunus, Nur Rohim; Aji, Ahmad Mukri; Mukri, Syarifah Gustiawati
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024): Spring Edition
Publisher : SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v11i1.45722

This study aims to analyze the legal implications of changes to the foundation's articles of association, based on the provisions of Law No. 28 of 2004, which amends Law No. 16 of 2001 concerning Foundations. This study employs a qualitative method with a normative legal approach, grounded in a comprehensive examination of laws and regulations, jurisprudence, and relevant scientific literature. The study's results indicate that changes to the foundation's articles of association have a direct impact on the legality of the foundation's organs, the validity of legal relations with third parties, and the potential for legal sanctions if the specified procedures are not followed. The provisions of Law Number 28 of 2004 emphasise the importance of an accountable and transparent organisational structure through a change mechanism that must be legally registered and approved. Failure to comply with this procedure can result in the cancellation of legal actions, the invalidity of deeds, and weaken the foundation's social function in society. Therefore, understanding and socialising the law to foundation administrators is an important step to prevent violations, while ensuring the sustainability of the foundation as a non-profit institution that serves the public interest.Keywords: Foundation; Articles of Association; Changes; Legal Implications; Law Number 28 of 2004

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