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PENGOLAHAN MINYAK KEMIRI DENGAN CARA PELARUTAN DAN PENGEMPAAN Bambang Wiyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 13, No 3 (1995): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

The objective of this research is to study the processing of candle nut oils by using solvent extraction and pressing techniques. In a solvent extraction technique, several solvents were applied in the experiment. The choice solvent was used to extract the treated candle nut seeds. In a pressing technique, five levels of pressing temperature were applied to extract untreated candle nut seeds. The effect of the temperatures was calculated by a complete randomized design. Relationship between the pressing temperature and oil properties was analysed with a polynomial orthogonal method.Results showed that a hexane solvent with pure analytical grade was the best solvent to extract candle nut oils as indicated by the highest yield of oils. Using this solvent, a dry-frying treatment on candle nut seeds gave the highest yield of oils, compared boiling and control treatments. In a pressing technique, the increasing of pressing temperature gave a highly significant effect on yields, specific gravity, peroxide and iodine numbers. It also gave a significant effecr on saponifiable number. A polynomial orthogonal analysis showed that pressing temperatures had a highly significant quadratic relationship to oil yields or iodine number, a linear relationship to peroxide number or spesific gravity, and a significant cubic relationship to saponification number. Based on the regression equation for iodine number, the optimum value of iodine number was obtained at a 93° C pressing temperature. At this temperature, the oil yield which could be produced was 59, 79 %. The candle ma oil produced at this temperature was the best oil quality, as indicated by the highest value of iodine number, 97.28.

PENGARUH LAMA PENYULINGAN SECARA KERING PADA KONDISI VAKUM TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA RESIDU DAMAR MATA KUCING Bambang Wiyono; Kurnia Sofyan; Dedeh Kurniasih; Poedji Hastoeti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 19, No 2 (2001): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2001.19.2.89-101

Dammar resin of Shorea javanica which its essential oil has been isolated can still be used for industrial purposes. Relating to this, the objective of the research is to investigate the effect of a vacuum dry distillation time on yield and the physico-chemical properties of dammar residue.A vacuum dry distillation technique of dammar was carried out at a pressure of 0.06 Pa, a temperature of 65 - 85°C for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 hours, respectively. Each of distilling times was triplicated. To see the effect of distilling time on the yield and properties of dammar residue, the data were analysed by a factorial completely randomized design procedure, and their different means values were tested with Tukey's procedure. The relationship between distilling time and the yield or its physico-chemical properties of dammar residue was analysed with a polynomial orthogonal regression in a SAS package.The results showed that distilling time gave a highly significant effect on yield, softening point, ash content, iod number, acid number and saponification number of dammar residue, except for unsoluble matter in toluene. The increase in distilling lime tent to decrease in the yield and acid number of dammar residue, but it also tent to increase in softening point, ash content, iod number, saponification number and unsoluble matter in toluene. Moreover, distilling time of 2.5 hours is the optimum time to give the highest values of softening point and iod number, but with the lowest value of acid number. Polynomial orthogonal analysis revealed that there were relationship between distilling lime and yield of dammar residue and its properties with a highly significance.Compared to Indonesian National Standard for dammar, dammar residue has not met the requirement for softening point, acid number and ash content criteria. To meet the requirement, it was suggested to increase the pressure in the vacuum dry distillation process with a proper condentation for this pressure.

EFFECT OF SUPERCRITICAL C02 EXTRACTION TEMPERATURE ON THE YIELD OF WAXES OF RADIATA PINE (PINUS RADIATA D.DON) NEEDLES* Bambang Wiyono; P J Jordan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 12, No 5 (1994): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Teknologi ekstraksi superkritikal fluida merupakan teknologi yang relatif baru yang saat ini sedang dikembangkan, terutama dalam ektraksi senyawa kimia. seperti minyak atsiri, dari produk alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekstraksi lilin dari daun Pinus radiata D. Don dengan teknologi eksrtaksi superkritikal fluida C02 pada tekanan ekstraksi 30 MPa dan pada beberapa tingkat suhu ekstraksi (40, 56 dan 72 °C) selama 30 menit. Lilin ditangkap oleh perangkap dingin pertama dengan kondisi tekanan sedang 6-7 Mpa dan 12-13 Mpa, dan 0oC. Sisanya ditangkap oleh perangkap dingin kedua pada kondisi tekanan sedang 0,1 Mpa dan suhu 0oC.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa peningkatan suhu ekstraksi pada tekanan sedang 6-7 MPa menyebabkan rendemen yang dihasilkan menurun, baik yang diperoleh dari perangkap dingin pertama maupun kedua. Pada tekanan sedang 12-13 MPa, rendemen yang dihasilkan mula-mula turun, kemudian naik pada suhu ekstraksi 72°C, terutama pada perangkap dingin pertama. Penyebab peningkatan rendemen ini adalah setiap habis ekstraksi, pipa dan katup dimana lilin terperangkap disitu tidak dibilas dengan pelarut khlorofonn atau dibilas dengan cara diekstraksi lagi dengan superkitikal fluida tanpa sampel di sel ekstraksi. Untuk menunjang hasil penelitian ini, lilin hasil ekstraksi metode superkritikal fluida perlu dianalisis dengan metode High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

PERCOBAAN FRAKSIONASI DISTILASI MINYAK KENANGA DARI CIREBON Bambang Wiyono; Mohammad Rosid
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 8 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.6.8.472 - 475

The purpose of the research is to study the properties of fractional distilled cananga oil compared with Indonesia Industrial Standard requirement for cananga oil and with ylangylang oil properties of the third fraction (the lowest quality of ylangylang oil). The fractionation based on the distilling times, these were first fraction 0 7 hours, second fraction 8 14 hours, and third fraction 15 24 hours.The results indicated that third fraction have met with Indonesia Industrial Standard requirement, but specific gravity of the first and second fraction have not met the requirement. Acid number of all fraction have met requirement for ylangylang oil. Ester number of the third fraction proximated the ester of ylangylang oil. Ester number and ester content of the first fraction had a higher than the second fraction and this fraction had a higher than the third fraction. So, the first fractional distilled cananga oil possesed the highest quality. These quality could be increased by the fractional steam distillation in vacum pressure, and the distilling used fresh cananga flowers.

Mempelajari cara pemisahan ω-hidroksi dan n-asam lemak dengan menggunakan Kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi Bambang Wiyono; P J Jordan; Poedji Hastoeti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 18, No 2 (2000): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2000.18.2.111-121

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari kondisi yang cocok untuk memisahkan ω-hidroksi dan n-asam lemak tanpa derivitasi dengan menggunakan metode Kromatografi cairan kinerja tinggi. Dalam kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi digunakan kolom RP-18 Brownlee, fase bergerak campuran THF dan CH3OCN, metode isokratik, dilakukan pada suhu kamar, kecepatan alir 1 ml/mn, menggunakan detektor UV dengan panjang gelombang 215 nm dan sensitivitasnya 0,5 AUFS. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan persentase air dalam fase bergerak meningkatkan waktu retensi n-asarn lemak dan ω -hidroksi asam lernak, n-asam lemak dapat dipisahkan dengan baik bila menggunakan kondisi di atas dan menggunakan fase bergerak yang mengandung air sekitar 25-35 bagian. Sedangkan ω-hidroksi asam lemak dapat dipisahkan dengan baik dengan menggunakan fase bergerak yang mengandung air minimal 49 bagian berdasarkan volume.

PENGARUH METODE DAN WAKI'U PENYULINGAN TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN SIFAT FISIKO KIMIA MINYAK KENANGA Bambang Wiyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 7, No 1 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.7.1.25 - 27

This paper described the study on the effect of distilling time and methods on yield and pysiocheical properties of cananga oil. The distillation methods applied were water distillation an water steam distillation with the distilling time being 8, 16, and 24 hours, consecutively. The results were analysed using the randomized completely block design, and the difference between means were tested with the Least Significant Difference method.The results showed that the distilling method appeared to have significant effect on the saponification and ester numbers whereas, the oil yield was significantly increased with prolonged distilling time. Water distillation method produced higher quality of cananga oil than that produced by the water-steam distillation one. This was indicated by a higher ester number of the oil obtained by the water distillation.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI ASAM DALAM PEMBUATAN GONDORUKEM MALEAT TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIANYA Bambang Wiyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 20, No 3 (2002): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2002.20.3.207-215

Rosin is a mixture of abietic and pimaric acids with small amount of neutral materials. By modifying these acids could widen its utilizations. One of modified rosin is maleic rosin. This study is intended to find out the effect of acid concentration on yield and maleic rosin physico-chemical properties. The research target is to determine a proper condition for manufacturing of maleic rosin which could fulfill the standard requirements.The manufacturing of maleic rosin was carried out by elevating the temperature to 160 - 170 °C and maintained it at this temperature for 2-3 hours. Maleic acid that was used in the process consisted of 0 %, 2%. 4%, 6% and 8%. The physico-chemical properties of the maleic rosin produced was analysed. As raw materials. this experiment utilized rosin from North Sumatra (WW quality) and rosin from East Java (WG quality). The phsyco-chemical properties of the products were then analysed. The data were analysed by using factorial random design, and the different value between means was calculated with Tukey procedure by the SAS computer package.The results showed that the increase in maleic acid concentration caused to increase in yield, softening points. acid value. and saponification value of maleic rosin. The ash content value, however, did not exhibit certain tendency when maleic rosin were produced under the experimental condition applied. Rosin from East Java with WW quality produced maleic rosin higher softening point and saponification value than that of from North Sumatra with WG quality. Based on its softening point and dirt content, manufacturing maleic rosin with acid concentration 2 % in this experiment produced maleic rosin which could meet the requirement of second quality for Chinesse maleic rosin.

PENGARUH KADAR GABUS DALAM BAGASE DAN PERSENTASE SODA TERHADAP SIFAT UNDI HITAM DAN PULP (The influence of pith content in bagaae and percentage of sodium hydro:dde on the properties of black liquor and pulp) Bambang Wiyono; Surdiding Ruhendi; Kumia Sofyan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 8, No 1 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

In this investigation, the pith content of the bagaBBe samples were 10, .20, and 30 psrcent. Cookinf trials incoporated varioulpercentt11es of soda (NaOH) bei'ltf 15, 18, and .20 percent, concecutively. The cbndition applied were tiB follow temperature, 11(f C (maintained for one hour), and the ratio of bagaBBe liquor bei111 1 : ''3. 76. The results were anolyd using the factorial design with a si111le replicate.Experimental results show that the increase in pith content gave a signifieant effect on. the raidual allcaliand(reeneBB. The increasi111 of NaOH percentage provided liighly significant effect on the ash content, Kappa number, and brightness. The. increasingof NaOH also provided a significan teffect on the residualalkali. The increasingof pith contenttend to grow up residual alkali (Y 0.84650 + 0,18433 X) and freeness (Y= 13.08718 + 0.13333 X). Produced by 16'% NaOH, the residual alkali posse1111ed a lower significant effect than 18 and 20% NaOH, as well as, NaOH of 18% owned a lower than .20%. Furthermore, NaOH of 16% produced Kappa number a higher higly significant effect than 18 and aO% NaOH, and 18% NaOH owned a higher than 20%. The percentages increase of pith in bagaseto 80% produced Bimiliar to.from bagasse of 10% pith content.

MEMPELAJARI PEMISAHAN MINYAK ATSIRI DARI DAMAR MATA KUCING DAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA RESIDUNYA Bambang Wiyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 15, No 6 (1998): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi minyak atsiri dari berbagai kualitas getah damar mata kucing dan menganalisis sifat fisiko-kimia residunya. Setiap kualitas damar mata kucing disuling secara kering pada suhu 120 - 130 0C selama 7 jam. Hubungan antara waktu penyulingan dan rendemen distilat dianalisis dengan regresi linier mengikuti prosedur SAS. Sedangkan sifat fisiko- kimia residu penyulingan dibandingkan dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia untuk damar.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa damar berkualitas rendah mengandung minyak atsiri lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan damar berkualitas tinggi, yang ditunjukkan oleh tingginya distilat yang dihasilkan. Sidik regresi antara waktu pemisahan minyak dari getah damar dan rendemen destilat adalah secara sangat nyata untuk semua kualitas damar, di mana hubungannya ditunjukkan oleh persamaan regresi dengan koefisien sebagai berikut :Damar dengan kualitas A Y = 0,2375 X + 0,057143; R = 0,886Damar dengan kualitas B Y = 0.176786 X - 0,121429; R = 0,923Damar deugan kualitas C Y = 0,3875 X - 0,057143; R = 0,868Damar dengan kualitas D Y = 0,587314 X - 0,371429; R = 0,975Damar asalan {E) Y = 0,591071 X -0,1000; R = 0,880Residu penyulingan damar kualitas A, B dan C memenuhi persyaratan SNI kecuali sifat titik lunaknya. Sedangkan residu dari kualitas D dan asalan belum memenuhi persyaratan standar tersebut. Agar residu ini memenuhi persyaratan tersebut, bahan baku dibersihkan terlebih dahulu dari kotoran yang ada, lalu disuling pada kondisi vakum dengan waktu penyulingan sekitar 2 - 3 jam.

MEMPELAJARI SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA DEKSTRIN SAGU BUATAN DAN KOMERSIAL Bambang Wiyono; Toga Silitonga
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 1 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Sago starch contains about 84. 7% carbohydrate. Further analysis of the carbohydrate indicate that about 73% consist of amylopectin (the branched polymers) and 27% amylase (the linear polymers). These components are potentially contributing to the production of sago-dextrin. The purpose of this research is to analyse the physico-chemical properties of the laboratory made sago-dextrin and the properties of the commercial one, to compare with the Indonesian Industrial Standard requirements for dextrin. The results indicated that the ash content and acidity, of both the experimental and the commercial sago dextrins have met the Indonesian Industrial Standard. The solubility in cold water, dextrose content of the commercial dextrin, and the moisture content of the experimental one have not met the Indonesian Industrial Standard. Higher yield can be obtained by using acid concentration below 0.05 M as catalyst and or hydrolyzing time under 5 minutes during the dextrin making process.

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