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Pemanfaatan Mikroba Rizosfer untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Serapan Hara pada Tanaman Lada Maman Herman; Kurnia Dewi Sasmita; Dibyo Pranowo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n2.2012.p143-150

Lada (Piper nigrum L.) merupakan tanaman yang penyerapan haranya tinggi dan sebagian besar ditanam di lahan marginal sehingga memerlukan jumlah pupuk yang relatif tinggi. Oleh karena itu, perlu upaya untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan pada lada, salah satunya dengan menggunakan pupuk hayati yang mengandung mikroba penambat N2 dan pelarut hara P. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh mikroba rizosfer indigenous terhadap pertumbuhan dan serapan hara N, P, dan K pada tanaman lada. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang dicoba adalah: K0) tanpa inokulum dan tanpa pupuk (Kontrol), K1) tanpa inokulum + 50% pupuk, K2) tanpa inokulum + 100% pupuk, H1) inokulum Azotobacter (PN LCNa) + 50% pupuk, H2) inokulum Azotobacter (PN LCNb) + 50% pupuk, H3) inokulum Penicillium (PF LSK 1b) + 50% pupuk, H4) inokulum bakteri pelarut fosfat (PF LSK 1a) + 50% pupuk, dan H5) mikoriza + 50% pupuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan mikroba penambat N2 (isolat PN LCNa dan PN LCNb) dan pelarut P (isolat PF LSK 1b dan PF LSK 1a) yang masing-masing disertai dengan pemberian pupuk NPK 50% dari dosis anjuran memberikan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman dan cabang tanaman lada yang cukup baik. Keempat inokulum tersebut dapat meningkatkan secara nyata bobot segar dan kering tajuk, serta serapan hara N, P dan K oleh tanaman lada dibandingkan perlakuan tanpa inokulum yang dipupuk dengan NPK dosis penuh (100%). The Use of Rhizosphere Microbes to Improve The Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum L.) ABSTRACT Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) belongs to plants which have high in nutrient uptake. If the plant is grown on marginal lands it will requires a relatively high amount of fertilizer that should be added. Therefore, it needs an effort to improve their efficiency on growing of the crop. The use of bio-fertilizer containing N fixing bacteria and P solubilizing microbes is expected be able to minimize the use of inorganic fertilizers. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of several indigenous rhizosphere microbes on the growth and nutrient uptake of N, P, and K in black pepper. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and three reflications was used in this study. The treatments exemined were: K0) without inoculum and without fertilizer (control), K1) without inoculum + 50% fertilizer, K2) without inoculum + 100% fertilizer, H1) inoculum of Azotobacter (PN LCNa) + 50% fertilizer, H2) inoculum of Azotobacter (PN LCNb) + 50% fertilizer, H3) inoculum of Penicillium (PF LSK 1b) + 50% fertilizer, H4) inoculum of phosphate solubilizinng microbe (PF LSK 1a) + 50% fertilizer, dan H5) mycorrhiza + 50% fertilizer. The results showed that application of N fixing microbes (isolate PN LCNa dan PN LCNb) and P solubilizing microbes (isolate PN LCNa dan PN LCNb) combined with 50% of added fertilizers were able to give better growth of black pepper, particularly in plant height and number of branches. Moreover, application of N fixing and P solubilizing microbes also increased significantly in dry and fresh weight of the shoot and nutrient uptake of N, P, and K compared with without inoculum combined with 100% added NPK fertilizer.

PENGARUH TANAMAN SELA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KARET MUDA PADA SISTEM PENEBANGAN BERTAHAP Yulius Ferry; Dibyo Pranowo; Rusli Rusli
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 3 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n3.2013.p225-230

The gradual rejuvenation in rubber plantation (Hevea brasiliensis) is one alternative of rejuvenation model that able to be carried out by farmers. Hypotetically, the difference in logging percentage can effect on the growth of young rubber plant and intercrops. The objectives of this research was to investigate the effect of intercrops (corn and peanuts) on the growth of young rubber plant in gradual logging system. The research has been carried out in smallholders rubber plantation in Way Kanan, North Lampung, from January to December 2012. The study was designed by split plot design with 3 replications. The main plot are the logging percentage, (P1) 30%, (P2) 50%, (P3) 70%, and (P4) 100%, and the subplot are the kind of intercrops: corn and peanuts. The results showed that corn as intercrop in logging percentage of 30%, 50%, and 70% did not effect on the stem diameter of young rubber, but if peanut as intercrops can inhibit the growth of stem diameter of young rubber. The logging percentage of 70% did not effect on the growth and yield of corn and peanut as intercrops.

Pengaruh Mikroba Pelarut Fosfat terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Serapan Hara P Benih Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Maman Herman; Dibyo Pranowo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2013.p129-138

mudah diserap oleh perakaran tanaman sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pemupukan anorganik, namun demikian pengaruhnya terhadap benih kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) belum banyak diketahui. Oleh karena itu, telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menguji pengaruh mikroba pelarut fosfat terhadap pertumbuhan dan serapan hara P benih kakao. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, Sukabumi mulai Januari sampai Desember 2012. Perlakuan yang dicoba yaitu A) subsoil (kontrol), B) subsoil + NPK, C) subsoil + pukan (1:1), D) subsoil + zeolit (0,5 kg/10 kg), E) subsoil + pukan + zeolit, F) subsoil + MPF, G) subsoil + NPK + MPF, H) subsoil + pukan + NPK + MPF, I) subsoil + zeolit + NPK + MPF, dan J) subsoil + pukan + zeolit + NPK + MPF. MPF diisolasi dari tanah perakaran kakao rakyat di Kabupaten Kolaka, Sulawesi Tenggara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi MPF yang dikombinasikan dengan pemberian pupuk NPK mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman dan bobot biomassa benih kakao sampai umur 12 minggu setelah perlakuan. Perlakuan MPF + NPK menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, bobot biomassa, dan serapan P tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Isolat MPF yang dikombinasikan dengan pemberian NPK mampu meningkatkan serapan hara P oleh benih kakao sampai 3,07 kali.Kata Kunci: Theobroma cacao L., benih, mikroba pelarut fosfat, MPF, pertumbuhan, serapan hara PPhosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM) has been known capable of dissolving unavailable phosphates in the soil to the form that easily absorbed by crops so that increases crop growth and inorganic fertilizer efficiency, however in cacao it has not been known. The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of phosphate solubilizing microbes to the growth and P nutrient uptake by cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings. The experiment was conducted in the Greenhouse of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi from January to December 2012. Treatments were arranged as follows: A) Subsoil (control), B) Subsoil + NPK, C) Subsoil + organic matter (1:1), D) Subsoil + zeolite (0.5 kg/10 kg), E) Subsoil + organic matter + zeolites, F) Subsoil + PSM, G) Subsoil + NPK + PSM, H) Subsoil + organic matter + NPK + PSM, I) Subsoil + zeolite + NPK + PSM, dan J) Subsoil + organic matter + zeolite + NPK + PSM. The results showed that PSM combined with NPK enhanced plant height and weight of the biomass of cacao seedling until 12 weeks after treatment (WAT). The treatment of PSM+NPK resulted in the highest plant height, biomass, and P nutrient uptake compared with others. PSM combined with NPK fertilizer are able to increase threefold P nutrient uptake by cacao seedling.

Penentuan Karakter Pembeda Dua Populasi Kopi Arabika di Kebun Percobaan Pakuwon melalui Penggunaan Fungsi Diskriminan Edi Wardiana; Dibyo Pranowo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n2.2012.p109-116

Keragaman fenotipik dari beberapa genotipe tanaman karena pengaruh genetik dan lingkungan (GxE) dapat dianalisis melalui penggunaan fungsi diskriminan sehingga akan dapat diketahui informasi tentang karakter-karakter pembeda dari genotipe yang diuji. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan (KP) Pakuwon, Sukabumi, mulai bulan Desember 2010 sampai Mei 2012, dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi karakter-karakter yang dapat menjadi pembeda dua populasi kopi arabika (Kartika 1 dan 2) yang ditanam di KP. Pakuwon melalui pendekatan fungsi diskriminan. Contoh tanaman kopi varietas Kartika 1 dan 2 masing-masing sebanyak 20 tanaman dipilih secara sistematik, kemudian diamati pada umur 14-17 bulan setelah tanam terhadap 20 peubah morfologi tanaman. Data-data yang terkumpul dianalisis melalui penggunaan fungsi diskriminan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diperoleh 4 karakter pembeda dua varietas kopi arabika (Kartika 1 dan Kartika 2), yaitu jumlah cabang total/tanaman, jumlah ruas/cabang, jumlah tandan/cabang, dan bobot kering buah. Varietas Kartika 1 memiliki jumlah cabang total/tanaman, jumlah tandan/cabang, dan bobot kering buah lebih tinggi daripada Kartika 2, sedangkan jumlah ruas cabangnya lebih rendah. Keempat karakter tersebut secara nyata dapat membedakan kedua varietas kopi dengan tingkat validitasnya sebesar 82,5%. Hasil penelitian ini didasari oleh teori GxE dan dapat memberikan implikasi bagi kajian dan penelitian-penelitian berikutnya dalam upaya peningkatan produktivitas dan atau mutu hasil kopi, khususnya Kartika 1 dan 2 di KP. Pakuwon. .Determination of Characters to Distinguish Two Population of Coffea Arabica at Pakuwon Experimental Station by Discriminant Function Phenotypic variability of several plant genotypes is affected by genetic (G) and environment (E) factors, known as GxE. The GxE can be analyzed through discriminant functions being able to know information several characters as differentiator of genotypes. A study was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station (KP. Pakuwon), Sukabumi, from December 2010 to May 2012. To identify the characters being able to distinguish two populations of Coffea arabica (Kartika 1 and 2), the discriminant function was used. Sistematic sampling of 20 sample plants of Kartika 1 and 2 each was used in this study. As many as 20 variables of plant morphology were observed for 14-17 months after planting. Data collected were analyzed by discriminant function. Results showed that there are four characters being able to distinguish two varieties of Coffea arabica ( Kartika 1 and 2) namely: total number of branch/plant, number of internode/branches, number of bunch/ branch, and dry weight of fruit. The total number of branch/plant, number of bunch/branch, and dry weight of bean of Kartika 1 were higher than those of Kartika 2, while the number of internode/branches was lower. These fourth characters were significantly able to distinguish the two varieties of coffee with 82.5% validity rates. This result was based on GxE theory and may have implications for improvement of productivity and quality of coffee, for future study.

Identifikasi Awal Perbedaan Karakter Morfofisiologi Antar Empat Kultivar Kopi Arabika Dani Dani; Dewi Nur Rokhmah; Dibyo Pranowo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 6, No 3 (2019): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v6n3.2019.p119-126

Arabica coffee is a perennial crop hence it has a long selection cycle. Therefore, efforts to shorten the selection process is necessary, such as at seedling stage. This study aims to identify morpho-physiological characters variability among Arabica coffee cultivars at seedling stage. The experiment was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Garden of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi, from January to October 2017. Seeds collected from open pollinated trees of four arabica coffee cultivars (Ateng Super, P88, Gayo 1, and Gayo 2) were then sown on seedbed and newly-emerged cotyledonous seedlings were transferred immediately into polyethylene bag (polybag). Seedlings were arranged in randomized complete block with 5 replications, each consisted of 10 seedlings of each cultivar. Morpho-physiological characters observed and analyzed were shoot (plant height, lateral shoot formation, number of internodes, internode length, stem diameter, shoot’s dry weight); leaves (number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, L/W ratio, leaf area, stomata density , chlorophyll content); and root (root length, number of primary roots, root volume, root’s dry weight, root/shoot ratio). The result showed value of genetic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), and broad sense heritability (h2bs) of plant height characters are classified as high, each of which is 21.66%; 23.66%; and 0.84, respectively. The characters of the stem length and leaf width showed high h2bs value (0.97 and 0.67 respectively), while the KKG and KKF values were classified as moderate (19.60% and 19.88%, respectively and 10.71% and 13.10%, respectively). Those three characters could be utilized as distincitive markers of the four Arabica coffee cultivars.

PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SERTA PENDAPATAN PETANI PADA MODEL PEREMAJAAN KELAPA SAWIT SECARA BERTAHAP MUHAMMAD SYAKIR; MAMAN HERMAN; DIBYO PRANOWO; YULIUS FERRY
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 2 (2015): Juni 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v21n2.2015.69-76

ABSTRAKLuas kelapa sawit rakyat yang perlu diremajakan saat ini mencapai 1,26 juta ha atau 35% dari luas total nasional. Namun peremajaannya terkendala karena biaya sangat mahal. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan model peremajaan kelapa sawit rakyat yang efisien dan ekonomis. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari 2010-Desember 2012 di Kabupaten Rokan Hilir, Provinsi Riau. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Petak Terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah tiga model peremajaan, yaitu 20-20-60; 40-40-20, dan 60-40. Anak petak adalah dua jenis tanaman sela (jagung dan kedelai). Model peremajaan 20-20-60, yaitu penebangan dan peremajaan 20% dari jumlah pohon sawit tua pada tahun pertama, 20% pada tahun kedua, dan 60% pada tahun ketiga. Dilakukan pendekatan yang sama untuk kedua model lainnya. Setiap plot percobaan terdiri dari 25 pohon sawit muda dan 25 tua. Variabel pengamatan untuk tanaman sawit muda adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, lingkar pangkal batang, indeks luas daun, dan persentase tanaman berbunga; tanaman sawit tua adalah produksi tandan buah sawit; sedangkan tanaman sela adalah produksi jagung dan kedelai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola peremajaan model 20-20-60 paling efisien karena penebangan sawit tua hanya mempengaruhi pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman sawit muda pada tahun I dan II, namun tidak mempengaruhi persentase berbunga tanaman sawit muda. Secara ekonomis, model 20-20-60 dengan tanaman sela jagung paling menguntungkan karena selama tiga tahun pengujian, nilai NPV mencapai Rp. 34.580.627; B/C 1,43; dan R/C 2,43. Oleh karena itu, model 20-20-60 dapat diajukan untuk peremajaan kelapa sawit rakyat.Kata kunci: Elaeis gueneensis, model peremajaan, tebang bertahap, pertumbuhan, usahatani Growth and Crop Production as well as The Farmer’s Income in Stepwise Replanting PatternABSTRACTThe total area of small holders’ oil palms in Indonesia that must be replanted is 1.26 billion hectares or 35% of the national total area. Replanting of the oil palms is highly cost. The objective of study was to get a replanting pattern that is cheaper and more efficient. The research was conducted for three years from 2010 to 2012 in Rokan Hilir, Riau Province. The research used a split plot design with, three replications. The main plots were three replanting patterns: 20-20-60; 40-40-20; and 60-40, the subplots were the intercrops plants: maize and soybean. The replanting pattern 20-20-60 was done by cutting then replanting of oil palms in three consecutive years, 20% of the population in the 1st year, 20% in 2nd year, and 60% in 3rd year. The similar approaches were applied to others. The variables observed of the young oil palms were plant height, number of leaves, girth, leaf area index, and percentage of flowering; intercropping plants were yield productions of maize and soybean. The results showed that the most efficient replanting pattern was 20-20-60, because it only affected to vegetative growth of young oil palms in the first and second years, but not the inflorescences. This pattern is economically the best since income from three consecutive years of replanting were positive; the NVP value was Rp. 34,580,627; B/C was 1.43; and R/C was 2.43. Based on these results, the replanting pattern 20-20-60 can be recommended for small holder oil palms.Keywords:Elaeis guineensis, replanting pattern, gradually cutting,growth, farming

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