Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

A comparative analysis of offline and online trials in Indonesia's digital legal transformation Rais, Amin; Hanifah, Mardalena
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 5 No. 8 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Privietlab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v5i8.468

The digital transformation of Indonesia’s justice system has introduced online trials (e-litigation) as a significant innovation, in response to the limitations of conventional (offline) court proceedings. This study aimed to conduct a normative legal comparison of offline and online trial mechanisms by evaluating their respective advantages and disadvantages across four key dimensions: effectiveness, efficiency, accessibility, and adherence to the principles of procedural law. Using a normative juridical approach, this study draws upon statutory regulations, judicial doctrines, and recent scholarly literature to provide a comprehensive analysis of both trial formats. The findings indicate that offline trials maintain superiority in upholding the principle of openness and facilitating the direct examination of witnesses and defendants, thereby ensuring the authenticity and integrity of courtroom interactions. However, offline models are often constrained by inefficiencies related to costs, scheduling delays, and logistical burdens. Conversely, online trials demonstrate substantial improvements in administrative efficiency, time management, and geographic accessibility, making them particularly valuable during emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, they pose critical challenges, including technological disruptions, diminished quality of verbal and nonverbal communication, and potential infringements on the principle of transparency. Moreover, the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code and the Law on Judicial Power emphasize that public access to trials constitutes a core component of judicial legitimacy. Considering these findings, this study underscores the necessity of regulatory refinement and technological enhancement to ensure that online trials uphold the same standards of justice, fairness, and procedural integrity as their offline counterparts do.

Akad Murabahah pada Pembiayaan Modal Usaha dalam Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Hanifah, Mardalena; Pascadinianti, Meidana
Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) Vol 14 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : University of Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JMHU.2025.v14.i02.p16

Murabahah financing is structured as a sale–purchase agreement in which the financier discloses its acquisition cost and agreed profit margin to the purchaser. In practice at PT Permodalan Nasional Madani Mekaar Syariah, however, funding is disbursed as cash rather than via the delivery of specific goods, raising questions about the fulfillment of shariah-mandated sale conditions. This study examines the implementation of the murabahah contract in Mekaar Syariah’s business-capital financing through a sociological, descriptive approach. Primary data were collected via in-depth interviews with branch managers, officers, and clients; secondary data were drawn from organizational documents and DSN-MUI fatwas. Findings reveal that at the Kuantan Mudik branch, financing is provided in monetary form prior to any actual acquisition or transfer of goods, thereby failing to satisfy the essential sale elements prescribed by Islamic law and DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000. Although clients are formally authorized under a wakalah (agency) arrangement to purchase assets for their enterprises, many divert funds to non-productive, consumptive expenditures. The murabahah contract is executed only at disbursement, concurrently with a wakalah contract, without subsequent verification of goods procurement or ownership transfer.These practices contravene the fundamental requirements of murabahah, namely, the existence of a tangible asset, pre-contract negotiation of profit margin, and clear transfer of ownership. To align Mekaar Syariah’s operations with shariah principles, the institution must strengthen its operational protocols and internal controls, ensuring that financing transactions genuinely reflect a sale, purchase of specified goods

MENYOROTI RITME FAKTOR PENYEBAB KONFLIK TANAH ULAYAT DI KENEGERIAN KOPAH KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI Lestari, Rika; Indra, Mexsasai; Hanifah, Mardalena; Hidayat , Tengku Arif
Bina Hukum Lingkungan Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023): Bina Hukum Lingkungan, Volume 8, Nomor 1, Oktober 2023
Publisher : Asosiasi Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia (PHLI)

ABSTRAKKonflik muncul berasal dari kondisi kemajemukan struktur masyarakat dan konflik merupakan fenomena yang sering terjadi sepanjang kehidupan manusia dalam masyarakat. Salah satu fenomena atau permasalahan yang terjadi saat ini adalah konflik tanah ulayat antara masyarakat hukum adat Kenegerian Kopah dengan PT. Duta Palma Nusantara. Konflik ini telah terjadi bertahun-tahun yang lalu akan tetapi sampai saat sekarang belum dapat terselesaikan dengan baik di antara kedua belah pihak. Penyebab terjadinya konflik antara lain: tumpang tindih hak di atas hak ulayat dan HGU, Konflik batas penguasaan lahan, Pembangunan Parit Gajah, Corporate Social Responsibility tidak dilaksanakan; Pembangunan kebun masyarakat yang tidak dilaksanakan; terjadinya tindakan kekerasan terhadap masyarakat hukum adat kenegerian kopah. Oleh sebab itu pemerintah harus memberikan solusi dalam penyelesaian konflik tanah ulayat dengan cara pemerintah memaksa perusahaan menyerahkan 20 % lahan HGU untuk dikelola oleh masyarakat hukum adat kalau tidak ditaati maka pemerintah membatalkan HGU perusahaan; atau Pemerintah dapat mempertimbangkan lebih lanjut untuk tidak memberikan perpanjangan HGU perusahaan yang memiliki konflik berkepanjangan dengan masyarakat hukum adat terkait dengan tanah ulayat.Kata kunci: tanah ulayat; faktor penyebab konflik; masyarakat hukum adat. ABSTRACTConflict arises from the condition of the plurality of the structure of society and conflict is a phenomenon that often occurs throughout human life in society. One of the phenomena or problems that occur today is the ulayat land conflict between the customary law community of Kenegerian Kopah and PT. Duta Palma Nusantara. This conflict occurred many years ago but until now has not been able to be resolved properly between the two parties. The cause of conflict between others: overlap on the rights of the ulayat and HGU, Conflicted land rule boundaries, Building elephant trench, Corporate social responsibility not carried out, Development of unexerted community gardens, The occurrence of violence against the customary law kenegerian kopah. Therefore the government must provide solutions to conflict resolution ulayat land with the way the government forces companies to hand over 20 % of HGU land to be managed by the customary law community if not heeded the government cancel HGU company or government may consider further not to provide extra HGU that has prolonged conflict with the customary law community relating to the ulayat.Keywords: ulayat land; factors causing conflict; customary law community.

Optimization of E-Litigation in the Settlement of Divorce Cases at the Bangkinang District Court Hanifah, Mardalena; Pascadinianti, Meidana; Triyananda, Maulidya; Firmanda, Hengki; Lestari, Rika; Putra, Setia
Pandecta Research Law Journal Vol. 19 No. 1 (2024): June, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.vol19i1.6434

The presence of E-Litigation, a Supreme Court innovation to merge procedural law with technology, reflects Indonesian judicial administration in the digitalization era. The existence of E-Litigation as a practical application of the principle of simplicity, speed, and cheap cost is not yet optimal. The Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2019 on Electronic Court Case Administration regulates e-litigation proceedings. Improvements have been made to the legislation. Based on the foregoing, it is judged necessary and urgent to investigate optimizing e-litigation in the settlement of divorce cases at the Bangkinang District Court. The study sought to explain the effectiveness of e-litigation in resolving divorce cases at the Bangkinang District Court. Sociological legal research is an empirical study that seeks to uncover theories about the incidence of law in society. The data was gathered through interviews with judges Syofia Nisra, Ersin, and Aulia Fhatma Whidhola. Not only are the rules for e-litigation processes being reviewed, but so are the hurdles to e-litigation settlement of divorce cases at the Bangkinang District Court. This study is likely to make a significant contribution to legal innovation in the subject of civil procedure law. The settlement of divorce cases through e-litigation will alter the practice of litigating in court. The notion of complicating divorce is analogous to an emergency door on an airplane that should not be utilized unless necessary to overcome a problem. E-litigation processes at the Bangkinang Court have not gone smoothly because the parties do not comprehend and lack suitable electronic gadgets, even though the Court already possesses all of the necessary equipment and facilities.

Kedudukan Perceraian Karena Peralihan Agama (Murtad) Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Dan Undang-Undang Perkawinan Aziza, Mutia Sakiyah; Hanifah, Mardalena; Darnia, Meriza Elpha
Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Vol. 4 No. 5 (2024): Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/innovative.v4i5.15708

Divorce is the termination of a marriage by order of a judge or what is known as a demand by one of the parties during the marriage. The Marriage Law does not regulate divorce due to conversion, but in Article 116 letter (h) of the Compilation of Islamic Law, apostasy is stated as one of the reasons for divorce, while Islamic law states that if one of the parties apostatizes, the marriage is void. This has caused confusion among the public about how to deal with the problem of marriages that end due to conversion/apostasy. The purpose of this study is to review the legal position of divorce due to conversion (apostasy) in Islamic law and the Marriage Law and the considerations of the panel of judges in deciding divorce cases number 686/Pdt.G/2022/PA.Tgrs and number 104/Pdt.G/2022/PA.Pkc due to conversion (apostasy). This research is a normative legal research using the comparative law method. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that the legal status of a marriage is if one of the husband or wife changes religion or apostates according to Islamic law, the marriage becomes fasakh (void), and if one of the husband and wife leaves Islam or apostates and the apostasy is not or has not been submitted to the court, and the court has not yet decided, then their marriage is still considered valid and valid.

MENYOROTI RITME FAKTOR PENYEBAB KONFLIK TANAH ULAYAT DI KENEGERIAN KOPAH KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI Lestari, Rika; Indra, Mexsasai; Hanifah, Mardalena; Hidayat , Tengku Arif
Bina Hukum Lingkungan Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023): Bina Hukum Lingkungan, Volume 8, Nomor 1, Oktober 2023
Publisher : Asosiasi Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia (PHLI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24970/bhl.v8i1.260

ABSTRAKKonflik muncul berasal dari kondisi kemajemukan struktur masyarakat dan konflik merupakan fenomena yang sering terjadi sepanjang kehidupan manusia dalam masyarakat. Salah satu fenomena atau permasalahan yang terjadi saat ini adalah konflik tanah ulayat antara masyarakat hukum adat Kenegerian Kopah dengan PT. Duta Palma Nusantara. Konflik ini telah terjadi bertahun-tahun yang lalu akan tetapi sampai saat sekarang belum dapat terselesaikan dengan baik di antara kedua belah pihak. Penyebab terjadinya konflik antara lain: tumpang tindih hak di atas hak ulayat dan HGU, Konflik batas penguasaan lahan, Pembangunan Parit Gajah, Corporate Social Responsibility tidak dilaksanakan; Pembangunan kebun masyarakat yang tidak dilaksanakan; terjadinya tindakan kekerasan terhadap masyarakat hukum adat kenegerian kopah. Oleh sebab itu pemerintah harus memberikan solusi dalam penyelesaian konflik tanah ulayat dengan cara pemerintah memaksa perusahaan menyerahkan 20 % lahan HGU untuk dikelola oleh masyarakat hukum adat kalau tidak ditaati maka pemerintah membatalkan HGU perusahaan; atau Pemerintah dapat mempertimbangkan lebih lanjut untuk tidak memberikan perpanjangan HGU perusahaan yang memiliki konflik berkepanjangan dengan masyarakat hukum adat terkait dengan tanah ulayat.Kata kunci: tanah ulayat; faktor penyebab konflik; masyarakat hukum adat. ABSTRACTConflict arises from the condition of the plurality of the structure of society and conflict is a phenomenon that often occurs throughout human life in society. One of the phenomena or problems that occur today is the ulayat land conflict between the customary law community of Kenegerian Kopah and PT. Duta Palma Nusantara. This conflict occurred many years ago but until now has not been able to be resolved properly between the two parties. The cause of conflict between others: overlap on the rights of the ulayat and HGU, Conflicted land rule boundaries, Building elephant trench, Corporate social responsibility not carried out, Development of unexerted community gardens, The occurrence of violence against the customary law kenegerian kopah. Therefore the government must provide solutions to conflict resolution ulayat land with the way the government forces companies to hand over 20 % of HGU land to be managed by the customary law community if not heeded the government cancel HGU company or government may consider further not to provide extra HGU that has prolonged conflict with the customary law community relating to the ulayat.Keywords: ulayat land; factors causing conflict; customary law community.

Pembatalan Perkawinan yang Daluwarsa menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan: Studi Putusan Nomor 1/Pdt.G/2021/PA.Pbr Gusdiawan Gusdiawan; Mardalena Hanifah; Dasrol Dasrol
Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Humaniora Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Humaniora
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/jurrish.v4i2.5461

This research examines a case of marriage annulment filed at the Pekanbaru Religious Court, where the plaintiff, a Marriage Registrar, received a complaint from a legal wife who did not consent to her husband's marriage to another woman. The plaintiff questioned whether the annulment request had exceeded the expiration period. The study aims to (1) understand the legal consequences of filing for annulment after the legal deadline based on Marriage Law Number 1 of 1974 and Decision Number 1/Pdt.G/2021/PA.Pbr, and (2) explore the relevance of utility theory in the court’s reasoning. This is a sociological legal study using interviews and literature reviews, supported by primary, secondary, and tertiary data. The analysis uses a qualitative descriptive approach with deductive reasoning. The results show that the court granted the annulment despite the expiration, based on the discovery of an invalid guardian and procedural flaws. A verstek (default) decision was made as both defendants were absent at the first hearing. The court's decision reflects the balance of legal certainty, justice, and utility. The legal consequences include the termination of the marriage, the recognition of the child as legitimate, and the absence of shared property division.

Penyelesaian Gugatan Sederhana Menurut Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2015 Tentang Tata Cara Penyelesaian Gugatan Sederhana Di Pengadilan Negeri Pelalawan Harpami, Muhammad Ridho; Hanifah, Mardalena; Darnia, Meriza Elpha
Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan Vol 10 No 14 (2024): Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan
Publisher : Peneliti.net

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13739224

Mahkamah Agung menerbitkan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2019 untuk membantu para pihak yang menyelesaikan perkaranya dengan penyelesaian gugatan sederhana di pengadilan. Skripsi ini membahas pertama, bagaimana penyelesaian gugatan sederhana di Pengadilan Negeri Pelalawan. Kedua Bagaimana pertimbangan hukum atas perbedaan putusan atas perkara yang sama dalam penyelesaian sengketa gugatan kecil di Pengadilan Negeri Pelalawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyelesaian sengketa dalam gugatan sederhana di Pengadilan Negeri Pelalawan. Kemudian untuk mengetahui pertimbangan hukum atas perbedaan putusan atas perkara yang sama dalam penyelesaian sengketa gugatan sederhana di Pengadilan Negeri Pelalawan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian sosiologis, karena penulis melakukan penelitian secara langsung di lokasi untuk memberikan gambaran secara utuh dan jelas tentang permasalahan yang diteliti. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pengadilan Negeri Pelalawan, sedangkan populasi sampelnya adalah Tergugat, Penggugat, Hakim Pengadilan Negeri Pelalawan, dan Wakil Panitera Sipil Pengadilan Negeri Pelalawan, sumber data yang digunakan, data primer dan data sekunder, teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dengan wawancara, telaah pustaka dan analisis data. Dari hasil penelitian tentang permasalahan Penerapan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2019 dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyelesaian gugatan sederhana di Pengadilan Negeri Pelalawan dinilai lebih efektif dan mempersingkat waktu penyelesaian sengketa. Apabila diterapkan dengan cara tersebut dapat membantu para pencari keadilan lebih cepat dan lebih mudah dalam menangani perkaranya di Pengadilan Negeri Pelalawan. Selain itu penting untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang penyelesaian perkara dengan gugatan sederhana agar sesuai dengan asas contante justitie yaitu asas peradilan cepat, sederhana dan biaya ringan.

Tanggungjawab Perusahaan Terhadap Buruh Angkut Harian Dibawah Umur Di Pergudangan Angkasa III Kota Pekanbaru Ovalia, Novia; Hanifah, Mardalena; Darnia, Meriza Elpha
Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan Vol 10 No 14 (2024): Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan
Publisher : Peneliti.net

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13748667

Perselisihan antara pekerja dengan pengusaha yang sering terjadi di Indonesia yaitu masih banyaknya pelanggaran dalam perjanjian kerja yang terjadi salah satunya di Kota Pekanbaru pada Pergudangan Angkasa III. Adanya anak yang bekerja tidak terlepas dari keberadaan masyarakat miskin di Indonesia dan sebagian karena pengaruh lingkungan dan ekonomi. Adanya pekerja harian lepas di bawah umur yang bekerja tanpa tanggung jawab pergudangan di Pergudangan Angkasa III tentunya memiliki beberapa dampak besar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya pekerja harian lepas di bawah umur yang bekerja tanpa tanggung jawab pergudangan di Pergudangan Angkasa III didasari karena tidak adanya perjanjian kerja antara perusahaan dengan pekerja harian lepas di bawah umur tersebut, karena anak tersebut dapat dikatakan masih belum cakap secara hukum saat melakukan perjanjian kerja. Pelaksanaan tanggung jawab bagi pekerja harian lepas di bawah umur di Pergudangan Angkasa III Kota Pekanbaru yaitu: Memiliki persediaan obat-obatan yang lengkap dan menyediakan transportasi apabila terjadi kecelakaan kerja oleh pihak gudang; Melaksanakan pemeriksaan dan pengendalian di gudang; Pihak gudang memasang peringatan dan petunjuk terkait keselamatan kerja; Memberikan arahan dan sosialisasi kepada semua pekerja sebelum bekerja mengenai risiko kecelakaan kerja.

Function of Non-Judge Mediators in Divorce Settlement Through Religious Courts Mardalena Hanifah; Meidana Pascadinianti
Unnes Law Journal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023): October, 2023
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ulj.v9i2.37200

Marriage is carried out until the death of one of the husband and wife. In certain conditions, some things require the dissolution of a marriage, meaning that if the marriage relationship continues, harm will occur which will lead to divorce. Mediation as an out-of-court dispute resolution process is used by courts as a divorce settlement process. Mediation is carried out by a mediator, both a judge mediator and a non-judge mediator. The problem discussed is how to resolve divorce cases through mediation by non-judge mediators in the Religious Courts. The research method used is empirical research with qualitative analysis. Qualitative analysis is a study related to the integration of the substance of laws and regulations on divorce mediation and resolution in Religious Courts. Based on the results of research, the mediation process in the Religious Courts must be carried out by PERMA Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Courts, in line with islah as a peacemaker in Islam which has been carried out in the Religious Courts by mediator judges and non-judge mediators. The results of the study show that the success rate is very low. The cause of the failure of divorce settlement through mediation in the Religious Courts is the parties have the intention to divorce, making mediation only a requirement. In addition, the effectiveness of the mediator's function comes from the mediator's skills in handling divorce cases and the awareness of the parties to improve the household and the need for laws on mediation.

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