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A comparative analysis of offline and online trials in Indonesia's digital legal transformation Amin Rais; Mardalena Hanifah
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 5 No. 8 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Privietlab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v5i8.468

Abstract

The digital transformation of Indonesia’s justice system has introduced online trials (e-litigation) as a significant innovation, in response to the limitations of conventional (offline) court proceedings. This study aimed to conduct a normative legal comparison of offline and online trial mechanisms by evaluating their respective advantages and disadvantages across four key dimensions: effectiveness, efficiency, accessibility, and adherence to the principles of procedural law. Using a normative juridical approach, this study draws upon statutory regulations, judicial doctrines, and recent scholarly literature to provide a comprehensive analysis of both trial formats. The findings indicate that offline trials maintain superiority in upholding the principle of openness and facilitating the direct examination of witnesses and defendants, thereby ensuring the authenticity and integrity of courtroom interactions. However, offline models are often constrained by inefficiencies related to costs, scheduling delays, and logistical burdens. Conversely, online trials demonstrate substantial improvements in administrative efficiency, time management, and geographic accessibility, making them particularly valuable during emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, they pose critical challenges, including technological disruptions, diminished quality of verbal and nonverbal communication, and potential infringements on the principle of transparency. Moreover, the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code and the Law on Judicial Power emphasize that public access to trials constitutes a core component of judicial legitimacy. Considering these findings, this study underscores the necessity of regulatory refinement and technological enhancement to ensure that online trials uphold the same standards of justice, fairness, and procedural integrity as their offline counterparts do.
Akibat Hukum Pencatatan Perkawinan Beda Agama Mardalena Hanifah
UIR Law Review Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): UIR Law Review
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/uirlrev.2023.vol7(2).15625

Abstract

Marriage is a legal contract between two individuals who are bound by law and religion to build a happy household for the rest of their lives. Every couple marries for love and the desire to live together legally and officially. Marriage is also essential in religion since it is viewed as a holy connection that God blesses. The legal ramifications of recording marriages of different religions are the focus of this study. The purpose of this research is to examine the legal implications of recording marriages between people of various religions. This study is normative, employing an approach to legal concepts in Marriage Act No. 1 of 1974. According to the research, interfaith marriage is outlawed and ruled religiously unlawful under Indonesian law, but its registration is valid under state law. As a legal result of the existence of marriage registration, the marriage's status is valid, therefore the bond between husband and wife who give birth to children through interfaith marriage provides the kid with legal standing and is legally recognized.
Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Oleh Kreditur Dalam Eksekusi Objek Jaminan Fidusia Saputra, Aprilian; Hanifah, Mardalena
UIR Law Review Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): UIR Law Review
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/uirlrev.2024.vol8(1).16070

Abstract

This study aims to determine the occurrence of unlawful acts by creditors in the execution of fiduciary guarantees. The research method used is sociological legal research method. This research is descriptive analytical which provides an explanation of the description of the circumstances and conditions regarding Unlawful Acts by Creditors in the Execution of Fiduciary Guarantee Objects. Data collection by means of interviews, and literature study. Data analysis used is qualitative analysis. The actions of the creditor who continues to withdraw the fiduciary security object even though the debtor objects to voluntarily surrendering the fiduciary security object are unlawful because they are contrary to the rights of the debtor and the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019. The debtor suffers a loss where the debtor loses the right to control the object of fiduciary guarantee. The creditor must be held accountable for his actions by providing compensation to the debtor in accordance with Article 1365 of the Civil Code
SIMPLE PROOF REQUIREMENTS AS A FORM OF LEGAL PROTECTION FOR CREDITORS FOR LEGAL CERTAINTY: SYARAT PEMBUKTIAN SEDERHANA SEBAGAI BENTUK PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KREDITOR UNTUK KEPASTIAN HUKUM Fajar Adiguna; Mardalena Hanifah
ADHAPER: Jurnal Hukum Acara Perdata Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Juni
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Hukum Acara Perdata (ADHAPER)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36913/adhaper.v12i1.9

Abstract

This study examines legal certainty in the Indonesian bankruptcy system by analyzing the simple proof requirements and creditor protection mechanisms under Law Number 37 of 2004. The legal issues raised are: first, how simple proof requirements affect legal certainty for stakeholders; second, how creditor protection mechanisms balance competing interests in the bankruptcy process. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statute approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. The results show that simple proof requirements provide procedural certainty but open up loopholes for abuse that is detrimental to solvent debtors. Creditor protection mechanisms that distinguish between separate, preferential, and concurrent creditors create a hierarchy but often leave commercial creditors with minimal recovery. This study concludes that comprehensive reform is needed to create a bankruptcy system that provides true legal certainty with a balance between creditor rights and business rescue objectives.
Pelaksanaan Mediasi dalam Penanganan Cerai Gugat di Pengadilan Agama Pekanbaru Mardalena Hanifah; Rahma Sari; Jennie Qothrunnada Kurnia
Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis Vol 7 No 6 (2026): Tema Hukum Keluarga
Publisher : Himpunan Ilmu Hukum dan Ilmu Hukum Islam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56370/jhlg.v7i6.3647

Abstract

This study examines the implementation of mediation in divorce lawsuits at Religious Court of Pekanbaru as an effort to resolve disputes peacefully. This empirical legal research employs a sociological approach through interviews, observations and literature studies. The results show that mediation has been conducted in accordance with procedures; however, its success rate remains low due to legal uncertainty, limited facilities, conflict complexity, the psychological condition of the parties and the legal culture of society that views divorce as the final solution.
KEDUDUKAN HUKUM PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI TANAH DANBANGUNAN YANG MASIH DIBEBANI HAK TANGGUNGANTANPA PERSETUJUAN BANK Sabrina Tio Larisha Marpaung; Mardalena Hanifah; Ricki Musliadi
Keadilan : Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Tulang Bawang Vol 24 No 3 (2026): Keadilan
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Tulang Bawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37090/7mjbrc25

Abstract

Praktik jual beli tanah dan bangunan yang masih dibebani Hak Tanggungan tanpa persetujuan bank masih sering terjadi dan menimbulkan persoalan mengenai kepastian hukum serta perlindungan hak para pihak, khususnya pembeli, sebagaimana tercermin dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Pekanbaru Nomor 185/Pdt.G/2019/PN Pbr. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kedudukan hukum dan akibat hukum perjanjian jual beli tanah dan bangunan yang masih dibebani Hak Tanggungan tanpa persetujuan bank. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan terhadap asas-asas hukum dan dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan pengadilan, buku, dan karya ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian jual beli tersebut tetap sah dan mengikat para pihak karena memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian menurut Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata, namun hanya menimbulkan hubungan hukum yang bersifat obligatoir sehingga belum mengakibatkan beralihnya hak milik atas tanah dan bangunan kepada pembeli. Perjanjian tersebut tidak mengikat bank sebagai pemegang Hak Tanggungan karena bank bukan pihak dalam perjanjian dan tidak memberikan persetujuan atas pengalihan objek jaminan. Hak Tanggungan tetap melekat pada objek sampai utang yang dijamin dilunasi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pelunasan utang oleh pembeli tidak serta-merta memberikan kepastian hukum atas peralihan hak apabila proses administrasi tidak dapat diselesaikan akibat tidak diketahuinya keberadaan debitur. Kondisi ini menempatkan pembeli sebagai pihak yang paling rentan dan menunjukkan belum terwujudnya kepastian hukum dalam praktik pengalihan kredit di bawah tangan.Kata Kunci: Perjanjian Jual Beli, Hak Tanggungan, Tanpa Persetujuan Bank
KEDUDUKAN HUKUM PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI TANAH DANBANGUNAN YANG MASIH DIBEBANI HAK TANGGUNGANTANPA PERSETUJUAN BANK Sabrina Tio Larisha Marpaung; Mardalena Hanifah; Ricki Musliadi
Keadilan : Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Tulang Bawang Vol 24 No 3 (2026): Keadilan
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Tulang Bawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37090/7mjbrc25

Abstract

Praktik jual beli tanah dan bangunan yang masih dibebani Hak Tanggungan tanpa persetujuan bank masih sering terjadi dan menimbulkan persoalan mengenai kepastian hukum serta perlindungan hak para pihak, khususnya pembeli, sebagaimana tercermin dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Pekanbaru Nomor 185/Pdt.G/2019/PN Pbr. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kedudukan hukum dan akibat hukum perjanjian jual beli tanah dan bangunan yang masih dibebani Hak Tanggungan tanpa persetujuan bank. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan terhadap asas-asas hukum dan dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan pengadilan, buku, dan karya ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian jual beli tersebut tetap sah dan mengikat para pihak karena memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian menurut Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata, namun hanya menimbulkan hubungan hukum yang bersifat obligatoir sehingga belum mengakibatkan beralihnya hak milik atas tanah dan bangunan kepada pembeli. Perjanjian tersebut tidak mengikat bank sebagai pemegang Hak Tanggungan karena bank bukan pihak dalam perjanjian dan tidak memberikan persetujuan atas pengalihan objek jaminan. Hak Tanggungan tetap melekat pada objek sampai utang yang dijamin dilunasi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pelunasan utang oleh pembeli tidak serta-merta memberikan kepastian hukum atas peralihan hak apabila proses administrasi tidak dapat diselesaikan akibat tidak diketahuinya keberadaan debitur. Kondisi ini menempatkan pembeli sebagai pihak yang paling rentan dan menunjukkan belum terwujudnya kepastian hukum dalam praktik pengalihan kredit di bawah tangan.Kata Kunci: Perjanjian Jual Beli, Hak Tanggungan, Tanpa Persetujuan Bank
PELAKSANAAN MEDIASI DALAM PENANGANAN CERAI GUGAT DI PENGADILAN AGAMA TELUK KUANTAN Delfiana Sundari; Mardalena Hanifah; Nurahim Rasudin
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 11 No. 02 (2026): Volume 11 No. 2, Juni 2026 Publish
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v11i02.45166

Abstract

Divorce is a legal and social phenomenon that has a significant impact on family Divorce is a legal and social phenomenon that has a significant impact on family integrity and the psychological stability of the parties involved, particularly women and children. One of the mandatory efforts in resolving divorce cases in court is mediation, as regulated in Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Court. Mediation aims to encourage reconciliation between husband and wife before the examination of the main case proceeds. In practice, the implementation of mediation in divorce lawsuit cases (cerai gugat) at the Religious Court of Teluk Kuantan still faces various obstacles, resulting in a relatively low mediation success rate. The issues examined in this study are: (1) How is the implementation of mediation stages in divorce lawsuit cases at the Religious Court of Teluk Kuantan based on Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016? (2) What factors and obstacles cause the failure of mediation in divorce lawsuit cases at the Religious Court of Teluk Kuantan? This study aims to determine the implementation of mediation stages in divorce lawsuit cases at the Religious Court of Teluk Kuantan and to identify the factors that contribute to unsuccessful mediation. This research applies an empirical or sociological legal research method, which focuses on the application of law in society. The study is descriptive in nature, aiming to clearly describe the mediation process in handling divorce lawsuit cases. Primary data were obtained through interviews with the Head of the Religious Court, judge mediators, non-judge mediators, community leaders, and parties involved in divorce lawsuit cases. Secondary data were collected from laws and regulations, literature, scientific journals, legal doctrines, and relevant previous studies. The findings show that the implementation of mediation in divorce lawsuit cases at the Religious Court of Teluk Kuantan has generally been carried out in accordance with Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016, starting from the pre-mediation stage, the mediation process, to the reporting of mediation results. However, mediation remains procedural and has not been fully effective in achieving reconciliation. This condition is reflected in the low number of successful mediations, namely 12 cases in 2022, 7 cases in 2023, 3 cases in 2024, and 1 case from January to April 2025. Factors contributing to mediation failure include the strong desire of the parties to divorce, prolonged marital conflicts, lack of good faith, technical obstacles such as distance of domicile, and limited internet access in conducting online mediation. Limited time availability of mediators and socio- cultural factors within the community also influence the effectiveness of mediation, resulting in mediation often failing to produce a peaceful settlement agreement.
Co-Authors ', Agen ', Firdaus , Dasrol Abdul Ghafur Afrian, Muhammad Eddo AKMI AZRIANTI Amin Rais Anak Agung Istri Sri Wiadnyani Ananda Fernando Putra Ananda Jelita Putri Anandadhea Putricharina Andrikasmi, Sukamarriko Anggun Pratiwi Aprilian Saputra ASIKA EUNIKE SORMIN Asrini Juniati Gultom Azalia, Ashila Devta Aziza, Mutia Sakiyah Bunga Primatania Darnia, Meriza Elpha Delfiana Sundari Derisma Wulandari Desy Aulia Ulfa Siregar Edy Putra Tambunan, Edy Putra Erda Rahmayanti Sitinjak ERIZA, NOVI Esrahethi S, Esrahethi Fajar Adiguna Fania Hanisa Sundjaya Geremy Joy N Gita Putri Candra Gusdiawan Gusdiawan Gusliana HB Harani Fitryan Harpami, Muhammad Ridho Hengki Firmanda Hidayat , Tengku Arif Ibnu Rahmat Dio IRWAN PARDEDE Jennie Qothrunnada Kurnia JIMMY FEBRYANTO SILITONGA Jordi Satria Nanda Lestari Anggraeni M. Arbi Ubaidillah Marissa Illahi Putri Maryati Bachtiar Mayangsari, Endah Maylia Darwita Meidana Pascadinianti Mexsasai Indra Mia Safitri Mizanty, Novradiella Moch. H. Cahyana Maulana Moria Lastina Mulia Sixtriani Nadia Sanjaya Nathasya Nadia Fenandri, Nathasya Nadia Nexie Nurafifah Ngajulu Petrus Nina Haryati Novriawanda Novriawanda Nurahim Rasudin Nuraini Pane NURI JUMAIDAH AULIA Nurkamilah ' Nurvita, Nita Ovalia, Novia Pascadinianti, Meidana Pela Sapira Putri Rahmadani Rachman, M. Yogi Rahma Sari Rahmad Hendra Rahmat Septiadi Rahmi Febriani Rais, Amin Redha Rahayu Rezky Yarman Ricki Musliadi Rika Lestari Ririn Erida Hutagaol, Ririn Erida Riska Fitriani Risti Febiawati Rozi Oktri Novika Rusdah Cia, Rusdah Sabrina Tio Larisha Marpaung safitri, fira Sandy, Ferri Santy Dewi, Santy Saputra, Aprilian Setia Putra Setia Putra, Setia Shelby Susandari Shelly Novita Siltami, Frisa Ayu SITI SUHAINA Sugi Kurnia Pakpahan Suryadiansyah S Triyananda, Maulidya Ulfia Hasanah Vertina, Annisa Sophia Vitis Sera Yolla Indriana Zaklylen, Arizkygo Zidane Zsa Zsa Quamila Pasyura Zui Zui Anita Safari