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Why Do People Hate Other Groups? The Role of Perceived Threat as Mediator The Effect of Group Identification Toward Group Based Hatred Nurhamida, Yuni; Muluk, Hamdi; Milla, Mirra Noor
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 27, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the formation of group-based hatred in the context of latent conflict, as previous studies have predominantly explored the consequences of hatred in intractable conflicts. Group identification was hypothesized to lead to hatred of another group through perceived threat as a mediator, with the types of threat formulated from historical conflict narratives. The research context was the latent Muslim-PKI conflict in Indonesia. Realistic feelings of threat are formulated based on the narrative that the PKI (Indonesian Communist Party) is perceived to be resurging and trying to change the foundation of the state into communism. Symbolic threat comes from the narrative that PKI resurgence aims to spread communist ideology. This study surveyed 508 Muslim Indonesian citizens aged at least 18 years. The results indicated that perceived realistic and symbolic threats fully mediated the influence of group identification as Muslims on hatred towards PKI. Consistent with the hypothesis, the results demonstrated that hatred can also occur in the context of latent conflict, with perceived threat mediating the relationship between group identification and group-based hatred, and the types of threat were rooted in the historical conflict.
The underlying mechanism behind quest for significance and its role in violence extremism: A systematic literature review Firdiani, Norberta Fauko; Milla, Mirra Noor; Hudiyana, Joevarian
Buletin Psikologi Vol 33, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/buletinpsikologi.99985

Abstract

Based on the Quest for Significance Theory (SQT), violent extremism is a consequence of the quest for significance activated by significance loss, significance gain, and threat of significance loss. This systematic literature review aims to synthesize previous research related to the quest for significance using SQT. The authors selected 103 articles, and 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. The review results indicate that loss of significance consistently tends to activate the quest for significance and predicts violent extremism stemming from various factors, including vulnerable environments, perceptions of injustice, social rejection, and failure to achieve goals. Conversely, significance gain shows inconsistency; studies suggest this factor strengthens, weakens, or predicts future involvement in violent extremism. There has been no empirical research specifically addressing the threat of significance loss. The measurement of significance loss and significance gain has not been clearly distinguished and uses various proxies, indicating that standardized measurement tools have not yet been established. Additionally, there is still overlap in the operationalization of measurement between significance loss and the quest for significance.
Perilaku Terorisme Milla, Mirra Noor
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol 21 No 3 (2006): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 21, No. 3, 2006)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v21i3.4387

Abstract

Psychological studies on terrorism were mostly conducted through motivational explanations of terrorism. Initiated with a cognitive dissonance condition on the individual level, an individual would be brought to join the same dissonance group toward a relative deprivation on a macro level. Through a personal track model, each individual came into a terrorist group through a series of stages to reach the individual's readiness to execute a terrorism act. Ultimately, the individual experiences a loosened moral when he/she conducts the terrorism act, consisting of moral justification, blaming, and dehumanuzing the victims. Kajian psikologi ini tentang terorisme banyak dilakukan melalui penjelasan motivasi terorisme. Diawali dengan kondisi disonansi kognitif pada level (aras) individu, seseorang akan dibawa untuk bergabung pada kelompok disonansi yang sama menuju deprivai relatif pada aras makro. Melalui model jalur personal masing-masing, individu masuk dalam kelompok teroris dengan proses serangkaian tahapan untuk kemudian sampai pada kesiapan seseorang melakukan aksi terorisme. Pada akhirnya, seseorang akan mengalami perenggangan moral ketika ia melakukan aksi terorisme, yang meliputi justifikasi moral, menyalahkan dan dehumanisasi korban.