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PENGARUH pH dan WAKTU TERHADAP ADSORPSI LOGAM TIMBAL (PB) DENGAN ARANG AKTIF DARI GAMBAS (Luffa acutangula) ATAU OYONG KERING Fatma Sari; Gema Fitriyano; Syamsudin AB; Athiek Sri Redjeki; Hera Hadikusuma
JURNAL KONVERSI Vol 11, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24853/konversi.11.1.8

Limbah cair industri dapat menyebabakan pencemaran lingkungan. Salah satau limbar cair yang berbahaya yaitu limbah logam Pb (timbah). Salah satau untuk mengurangi limbah cair (Pb) yaitu dengan Adoprsi menggunakan arang aktif. Gambas atau Oyong (L. acutangula) yang sudah kering dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai arang aktif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat arang aktif dari gambas atau oyong yang dapat digunakan untuk mengadsorpsi limbah cair (Pb) dengan variasi pH. Gambas atau oyong yang telah dipotong-potong dikeringkan dengan oven pada suhu 105°C. Untuk aktivasi arang dilakukan secara kimia yaitu dengan merendam arang dengan menggunakan larutan HCl 4N selama 24 jam kemudian dibilas dengan akuades sampai pH netral kemudian dikeringkan dalam oven selama 4 jam pada suhu 105°C. Kemudian dilakukan proses adsorpsi dengan limbah cair (Pb) variasi pH 3, 4, 5, 6 dan 7. Hasil pengujian daya serap iod adalah sebesar 301,74 mg/L. Sedangkan untuk pengujian kadar abu telah sesuai persyaratan dengan hasil 5,9 %. Pada pengujian daya serap arang aktif dari gambas atau oyong terhadap logam Pb (timbal) yaitu pada pengaruh kondisi pH. Adsorpsi optimal diperoleh pada pH 4. Arang aktif dari gambas atau oyong memberikan hasil yang cukup baik dengan penyerapan sebesar 99,7 % pada pengujian sampel limbah cair mengandung dengan kandungan logam Pb (timbal) 4,67 mg/L.

PENGARUH BESAR ARUS DAN WAKTU TERHADAP PELAPISAN ZINC PLATING PADA MATERIAL SWCH 45K DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PROSES ELEKTROPLATING AB Syamsudin; Gema Fitriyano; Dewi Siti Khusnul Khotimah; Diana Agustin
Prosiding Semnastek PROSIDING SEMNASTEK 2022
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

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Material baja SWCH 45K merupakan kawat baja karbon medium dengan kandungan karbon sebesar 0,48 % yang banyak digunakan untuk berbagai jenis sekrup seperti baut, mur, paku keeling, sekrup mesin dan sekrup. Elektroplating adalah proses pelapisan logam dengan menggunakan bantuan arus listrik dan senyawa kimia tertentu guna memindahkan partikel logam pelapis ke material yang hendak dilapis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh arus dan waktu terhadap lapisan zinc plating .Pada penelitian variabel arus yaitu 100 A, 200 A, 300 A, 400 A dan 500 A dengan waktu 60 menit. Sedangkan penelitian variabel waktu 30 menit, 45 menit, 60 menit, 75 menit dan 90 menit dengan arus 300 A. Part yang sudah di plating dilakukan pengamatan ketebalan menggunakan Thickness tester, uji daya tahan karat menggunakan mesin Salt Spray Test (SST) dan uji deposit zinc menggunakan titrasi metode kompleksometri. Analisis yang dilakukan terhadap part menyimpulkan bahwa kondisi optimum pada penelitian variabel arus diperoleh menggunakan arus 300 A dengan waktu 60 menit dan penelitian variabel waktu menggunakan waktu 60 dengan arus 300 A.

Carbonylation Reaction between Glycerol and Urea using CaO Catalyst Sukirno Sukirno; Gema Fitriyano
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 21, No 4 (2018): volume 21 Issue 4 Year 2018
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

This study aims to utilize abundant glycerol because the production is more than the consumption. The use of glycerol is carried out through a carbonylation reaction between glycerol and urea to obtain glycerol carbonate. In the carbonylation reaction, variations in the use of CaO catalysts were carried out at 130°C and 160°C and the use of ZnO catalysts at 160°C. The results of product testing using GC-MS showed that the desired glycerol carbonate was not detected, but 1,3-dioxol-2-one was detected as the reaction result in the largest amount. The carbonylation reaction using catalyst CaO 1 mol% with a temperature of 160°C and constant stirring for 3 hours resulted in a conversion of 92.86% and a 1.3-dioxol-2-one yield of 64.80%. The carbonylation reaction using ZnO 1 catalyst mol% at 160°C and constant stirring for 3 hours can produce a conversion of 94.88% and a 1,3-dioxol-2-one yield of 30.06%.

Pengaruh Penambahan Jumlah Air terhadap Kekerasan, Kerapuhan dan Waktu Hancur Tablet Obat Fitriyano, Gema; Prabowo, Aris; AB, Syamsudin; Kurniaty, Ika; Ismiyati, Ismiyati
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2023: PROSIDING SNTKK 2023
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan"

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The water content in the tablet is related to the compressibility of the tablet, because the water content formed acts as a binder that will fill the empty space between tablets. Excess water content in the tablet formulation can cause the tablet to become hydrophobic so that the tablet is difficult to wet during dissolution and travels in the body. Thus, the tablet will be more difficult to disintegrate in the stomach. The procedure for turning jackfruit seeds into flour are peeling, milling, and drying at a temperature of 105 oC. Following, water at 90 oC is mixed with jackfruit seed flour to make mocilago (mixture 1). fdc yellow and patent blue v dye into a beakerglass containing aquademin 95 oC then stir until completely uniform (mixture 2). Put mixture 1 into mixture 2 which has a temperature >80 oC. In the granulation stage, all ingredients are mixed with fine granulated sugar, magnesium hydroxide, dimethyl polysiloxane, some jackfruit seed flour and hydrotalcite to form mixture 3. Then add the binder solution Granule drying and drug printing processes follow. The characterization parameters of tablets produced in this research were tablet friability, tablet hardness and tablet disintegration time. Adding 193.2 mL of water to 25.6 grams of jackfruit seed powder was a variable that gives optimum effect on tablet hardness, friability, and disintegration time

Ekstraksi Pektin dari Kulit Pisang (Musa Paradisiaca) Sebagai Bahan Pengental Saus Cabai Shabrina, Alifira Fajriatu; AB, Syamsudin; Fitriyano, Gema; Purnawan, Irfan; Fithriyah, Nurul Hidayati
Prosiding Semnastek PROSIDING SEMNASTEK 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

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Pemanfaatan buah pisang hanya terbatas pada daging buah saja, sedangkan kulit buah pisang yang jumlahnya cukup besar sering kali dibuang begitu saja tanpa dimanfaatkan terlebih dahulu padahal di dalam kulit buah pisang terdapat kandungan pektin yang memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Pektin adalah senyawa polisakarida yang larut dalam air yang mengandung gugus-gugus metoksil. Penggunaannya yang paling umum adalah sebagai bahan perekat/pengental (gelling agent). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi kandungan pektin pada kulit buah pisang, perbandingan suhu ekstraksi terbaik pada proses ekstraksi serta karakterisasi pektin hasil ekstraksi. Pada penelitian ini, proses ekstraksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan pelarut air yang diasamkan dengan penambahan asam klorida dengan konsentrasi 0,5 N. Pada percobaan ini variabel tetap yang digunakan adalah waktu yaitu selama 90 menit, sedangkan variabel terikat yang digunakan adalah suhu. Analisa yang dilakukan meliputi pH, kadar air, kadar abu, berat ekuivalen, kadar metoksil, dan kadar asam galakturonat serta uji viskositas pada saus cabai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen tertinggi didapatkan pada suhu ekstraksi 85°C yaitu sebesar 8,25%, kadar asam metoksil 2,98%, kadar asam galakturonat sebesar 70,72%, kadar air 8,00%, kadar abu 3,63%, dan uji viskositas saus sebesar 8500 cP.Kata kunci: ekstraksi, kulit pisang, metoksil, pektin

Production and Characterization of Bio-Briquettes from Coconut Leaves and Cassava Peels Fitriyano, Gema; Ismiyati, Ismiyati; Purnawan, Irfan; Ramadhan, Raihan Fajar
International Journal of Applied Sciences and Smart Technologies Volume 05, Issue 02, December 2023
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/ijasst.v5i2.5567

Bio-briquettes from a mixture of coconut leaves charcoal and cassava peels charcoal have been produced and characterized in this study. The analysis carried out included density, burning rate, water content, ash content, and calorific value. Bio-briquette samples were produced with composition variations between coconut leaves charcoal and cassava peels charcoal with mass percentage ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100. The mixture used to produce briquettes with a ratio of tapioca flour, water and charcoal as raw materials is 1.5:1.5:2. The results of the study show that the density and calorific value of bio-briquettes increases with the increase in the amount of cassava peel in the briquette content. The optimum bio-briquette product from this research was found in variations of coconut leaves and cassava peels with a ratio of 75:25. Where density is 0.96 g/ml, burning rate is 0.190 g/min, water content is 3%, the ash content is 18.81%, and the calorific value is 3521.47 Cal/g.

Pengaruh Massa Perekat Tapioka Terhadap Durabilitas Biobriket dari Arang Kulit Singkong Fitriyano, Gema; Sari, Fatma; Susanty, Susanty; Ar Rahim, Dicka; Nabilah, Rifa; Wulandari, Qodirani Apri
Rekayasa Vol 17, No 2: Agustus, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/rekayasa.v17i2.22549

Commercially competitive in the global market, bio-briquettes derived from coconut shell charcoal have been extensively manufactured and meet all standard prerequisites. Bio-briquettes sourced from different biomass materials, with calorific values that meet the criteria, have not entered commercial production. Currently, they remain in the research and development phase. One of the reasons is the suboptimal durability value of the bio-briquettes, causing the products to easily break during distribution and usage. This research aims to determine the optimal amount of binder in the production of bio-briquettes from cassava peels. This is because cassava peels have calorific values that meet the requirements and have a huge potential for commercial-scale production. This study utilizes cassava peel charcoal as the raw material mixed with tapioca binder in variations of 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, and 13% of the cassava peel charcoal mass. The optimal percentage of tapioca binder mass was found at 9% with a durability value of 99.54%, density 1 g/cm3 and water content 5.39%.

Pengaruh Penambahan Jumlah Air terhadap Kekerasan, Kerapuhan dan Waktu Hancur Tablet Obat Fitriyano, Gema; Prabowo, Aris; AB, Syamsudin; Kurniaty, Ika; Ismiyati, Ismiyati
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2023: PROSIDING SNTKK 2023
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan"

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

The water content in the tablet is related to the compressibility of the tablet, because the water content formed acts as a binder that will fill the empty space between tablets. Excess water content in the tablet formulation can cause the tablet to become hydrophobic so that the tablet is difficult to wet during dissolution and travels in the body. Thus, the tablet will be more difficult to disintegrate in the stomach. The procedure for turning jackfruit seeds into flour are peeling, milling, and drying at a temperature of 105 oC. Following, water at 90 oC is mixed with jackfruit seed flour to make mocilago (mixture 1). fdc yellow and patent blue v dye into a beakerglass containing aquademin 95 oC then stir until completely uniform (mixture 2). Put mixture 1 into mixture 2 which has a temperature >80 oC. In the granulation stage, all ingredients are mixed with fine granulated sugar, magnesium hydroxide, dimethyl polysiloxane, some jackfruit seed flour and hydrotalcite to form mixture 3. Then add the binder solution Granule drying and drug printing processes follow. The characterization parameters of tablets produced in this research were tablet friability, tablet hardness and tablet disintegration time. Adding 193.2 mL of water to 25.6 grams of jackfruit seed powder was a variable that gives optimum effect on tablet hardness, friability, and disintegration time

Pengaruh Jumlah Katalis CaO terhadap Karakteristik Produk pada Sintesis Gliserol Karbonat Gema Fitriyano; Syamsudin A B; Adiwarna Adiwarna; Sarah Fauziah
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 16, No 2 (2020): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.16.2.38375.211-217

Senyawa gliserol karbonat merupakan turunan gliserol yang saat ini masih berkembang pemanfaatannya. Sintesis gliserol karbonat menggunakan gliserol dan urea menjanjikan untuk diaplikasikan karena bahan baku yang lebih mudah didapatkan, penanganan lebih sederhana dan lebih murah dibandingkan proses sintesis lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi terhadap produk hasil reaksi gliserolisis urea yang dioperasikan pada kondisi operasi suhu 140oC, tekanan 0,7 atm selama 4 jam dengan variasi jumlah katalis CaO 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5% mol. Bahan hasil reaksi dianalisis gugus fungsinya menggunakan instrumen Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR)dan komposisi senyawanya menggunakan instrumen Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan terhadap produk, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa kondisi optimum pada penelitian ini terlihat pada produk hasil reaksi gliserolsis urea dengan jumlah penggunaan katalis 5% mol dengan nilai konversi 23%.The Influence of the Catalyst Amount of CaO on the Product Characteristics in Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis. Glycerol carbonate is a glycerol derivative that is currently still developing its use. The synthesis of glycerol carbonate using glycerol and urea promises to be applied because raw materials are easier to obtain, handling is simpler and cheaper than other synthesis processes. This study aims to characterize the product of the urea glycerolysis reaction in the operating conditions of 140oC, thepressure of 0,7 atm for 4 hours with variation in the amount of CaO catalyst 1, 2, 3, 4,and 5% mol. Characterization of the reaction products was analyzed by functional groups using the FTIR instrument and compound composition analysis using the GC-MS instrument. According tothe results of the analysis carried out on the product, it was concluded that the optimum conditions in this study were seen in the product of the reaction of urea glycerolsis with 5% mol catalyst amount with a 23% conversion.

PENGARUH WAKTU EKSTRAKSI ULTRASONIK DAUN SIRIH HIJAU (Piper betle L) TERHADAP RENDEMEN dan SIFAT MIKROBA SEBAGAI ZAT TAMBAH GEL ANTISEPTIK: The Effect Of Ultrasonic Extraction Of Betel Leaves (Piper Betle L) On The Rendement And Properties Of Microbials As Additional Substances Of Antiseptic Gels Fatma Sari; Ummul Habibah Hasyim; Gema Fitriyano; Rezi Salsabila Ramadhani
Agroindustrial Technology Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): Agroindustrial Technology Journal [ATJ]
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

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Betel leaf (Piper betle L) is a plant that is commonly found in Indonesia. It is known that green betel leaf contains ingredients that act as antiseptics consisting of cavibetol, sesquiterpenes, hydroxy kavikol, carvakrol, estagiol, terpenes, phenylpropane, tannins and eugenol methyleugenol. Essential oils which contain phenol which is one of the antibacterial substances. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of betel leaf extract on pH and microbial properties of antiseptic gel. The initial stages of this research are the extraction process of betel leaf with 70% ethanol solvent with time variations of 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, and 25 minutes. Furthermore, each time variation is calculated yield results. The best yield was added to the antiseptic gel then analyzed for pH and tested for its inhibitory power as an antiseptic against Staphylococcus Aureus. Based on the research results, the yield of betel leaf extract with time variables of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 minutes in a row are: 83.47%; 83.99%; 86.48%; 86.76%; 87.34%. In pH testing the results obtained pH 5.5. In the inhibition test, the results obtained successively, namely 18.23: 19.70: 18.82: 19.98 mm.

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