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Pengaruh Pemberian Lozenges Kombinasi Kulit Pisang dan Kulit Nanas terhadap Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) galur Wistar Adelita Ahyanurri; Liza Pratiwi; Hadi Kurniawan; Inarah Fajriaty; Siti Nani Nurbaeti; Nugraha Fajar; Pratiwi Apridamayanti
Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research Vol 4, No 1 (2022): Volume 4 Edisi 1 2022
Publisher : State University of Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/jsscr.v4i1.13811

Abstract

Banana peel and pineapple peel have high potassium content. The banana peel and pineapple peel combination can be used as lozenges in potassium supportive therapy. The safety of banana peel and pineapple peel combination lozenges must be ensured by the acute toxicity test. One of the parameters observed during toxicity testing is the organ index. This study aims to determine the relationship between dose and toxicity in acute oral administration of banana peel and pineapple peel combination lozenges on the heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys organ index in white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) Wistar strain. Acute toxicity based on OECD 425 guidelines for the Up-and-Down Procedure (UDP) method. Rats were grouped into 2000 mg/kg BW and 5000 mg/kg BW dose groups, consisting of 5 rats. Organ indexes were analyzed using SPSS Independent Sample T-test with 95% confidence level (p0.05). The result showed no significant difference between both doses (P0.05) in heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys organ index. Based on the results, it can be concluded that banana peel and pineapple peel combination lozenges did not affect white rats’ heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and kidney organ index.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Kulit Pisang dan Kulit Nanas terhadap Aktivitas Motorik dan Perilaku Tikus Wistar Novia Novia; Fajar Nugraha; Siti Nani Nurbaeti; Inarah Fajriaty; Pratiwi Apridamayanti; Hadi Kurniawan; Liza Pratiwi
Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research Vol 4, No 1 (2022): Volume 4 Edisi 1 2022
Publisher : State University of Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/jsscr.v4i1.13908

Abstract

Banana peel and pineapple peel are organic wastes that contain potassium, so it can potentially be developed into lozenges form as supportive antihypertensive therapy. Banana peel and pineapple peel as health supplement ingredients must meet safety requirements. The study of subchronic toxicity test was aimed to determine the toxic effect of repeated administration of a combination of banana peel and pineapple peel extract on motor activity and behavior of Wistar rats. The study was conducted by giving the test preparations repeatedly for 28 days in the control group, doses of 100 mg/KgBW, 400 mg/KgBW, 1000 mg/KgBW, control satellite, and satellite at 1000 mg/KgBW dose, as well as additional 14 days of observation in the satellite group to observe the reversibility effect. The test results showed that administering a combination of banana peel and pineapple peel extract showed normal observation on motor activity and behavior of Wistar rats. This study concludes that the combination of banana peel and pineapple peel did not give toxic effect on motor activity and behavior of Wistar rats.
Pengaruh Pemberian Kombinasi Ekstrak Kulit Pisang dan Kulit Nanas terhadap Indeks Organ Tikus Wistar Melania Niken Safira; Pratiwi Apridamayanti; Hadi Kurniawan; Inarah Fajriaty; Fajar Nugraha; Siti Nani Nurbaeti; Liza Pratiwi
Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research Vol 4, No 1 (2022): Volume 4 Edisi 1 2022
Publisher : State University of Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/jsscr.v4i1.13910

Abstract

Banana peel and pineapple peel contain potassium which may be developed into health supplements. The development of banana peels and pineapple peels as ingredients for potassium supplements must meet safety aspects that can be proven by subchronic toxicity tests. This subchronic toxicity test aimed to determine the effect of repeated administration of a combination of banana peel and pineapple peel extract for 28 days on the liver, kidney, kidney, lung, heart, and spleen index of Wistar rats. This research used male and female white rats which were divided into six treatment groups, namely the control group, low dose, middle dose, high dose, satellite control, and high dose satellite. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the liver and kidney organ index, and a significant decrease in the adrenal gland organ index after administration of a combination of banana peel and pineapple peel extract. This research concludes that the combination of banana peel and pineapple peel extract has an effect on the liver, kidney, and adrenal gland organ index in Wistar white rats.
Penetapan Kadar Astaxanthin Dalam Cincalok Yang Difermentasi Siti Nani Nurbaeti; Aulia Faradilla; Hadi Kurniawan; Inarah Fajriaty; Fajar Nugraha
Jurnal Farmasi Udayana Vol. 11, No. 1, Tahun 2022
Publisher : Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JFU.2022.v11.i01.p06

Abstract

Cincalok merupakan makanan tradisional khas Kalimantan Barat yang dibuat dari proses fermentasi dengan bahan dasar udang rebon. Udang rebon memiliki kandungan senyawa karotenoid, yaitu senyawa astaxanthin yang dikenal memiliki manfaat sebagai antioksidan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis kandungan senyawa astaxanthin dalam udang rebon yang telah difermentasi menjadi cincalok. Udang rebon diambil dari Desa Mendalok, Sungai Kunyit, Kalimantan Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kadar senyawa astaxanthin dalam cincalok yang telah difermentasi selama 1 minggu dan 2 minggu. Ekstraksi cincalok 1 minggu dan 2 minggu masing-masing dibuat sebanyak 3 batch dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut aseton selama 3 hari berturut-turut. Ekstrak yang diperoleh kemudian dilakukan pengukuran kadar senyawa astaxanthin dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang visibel (477 nm). Hasil kadar astaxanthin yang diperoleh tiap 100 g berat basah cincalok yaitu 3,292 mg (cincalok fermentasi 1 minggu) dan 0,920 mg (cincalok fermentasi 2 minggu).
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gaharu (Aquilaria microcarpa Baill.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Proteus mirabilis Sari, Rafika; Muhani, Mutiara; Fajriaty, Inarah
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 4, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Leaves agarwood (Aquilaria microcarpa Bail) is one of the natural materials that can be used as an antibacterial. This study aims to determine the content type of secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis by the method of Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. Simplicia leaves agarwood macerated with ethanol 96%. Results of phytochemical screening of ethanol extract of leaves agarwood contain flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins and steroids. Furthermore, the TLC for the assertion of their chemical compounds in extracts of leaves agarwood using a mobile phase of butanol: acetic acid: water (4: 1: 5) with the stationary phase silica gel GF254 with spotting FeCl3 5% for phenolic and AlCl3 5% for flavonoids later in UV detection at 254nm and 366nm. Control positive used is siprofloksasin 50 μg while control negative used is DMSO 20 % . Based on the results of the average diameter zone obstruent extract ethanol leaves agarwood in staphylococcus aureus by concentration of the 300 mg / ml, 400 mg / ml, 500 mg / ml is 12.50 mm, 13,51 mm, 15,80 mm. while in proteus mirabilis by concentration of the 300 mg / ml, 400 mg / ml, 500 mg / ml is 12,10 mm, 13,26 mm, 15.19 mm. This shows that extracts ethanol leaves agarwood having activity on Gram positive and Gram negative.
Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Banana Peels, Pineapple Peels, and Combination Extracts of both Peels as Raw Materials in the Development of Hard Candy Pratiwi Apridamayanti; Hadi Kurniawan; Fajar Nugraha; Inarah - Fajriaty; Siti Nani Nurbaeti; Liza Pratiwi
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 27, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.77474

Abstract

Kepok banana and pineapple are horticultural commodities found in West Kalimantan. The two fruits are generally used as processed foods such as fried bananas and pineapple jam. The use of fruit as food often leaves the peel as a by-product, which can produce waste twice the weight of the food consumed. Meanwhile, waste utilization is an innovation in food processing into functional products which are developed into hard candy. Therefore, this research aims to the specific and non-specific characterization of raw materials for making candy, namely the combination of banana and pineapple peel extract (KP-KN). The characterization is organoleptic tests on the content of ethanol-soluble and water-soluble extracts. The Total phenolic content was determined by the Follin ciocalticeu method with UV/Vis spectrophotometry. Furthermore, antioxidant activity tests with DPPH and FRAP methods using UV/Vis spectrophotometry and ELISA to determine antioxidant activity. The mineral content was observed using the molybdate vandalate method with UV/vis spectrophotometry and ICP-MS, Heavy metal contamination using the ICP-MS tool, and microbial contamination using the plate method. Moreover, the infundation process was carried out on banana and pineapple peels, and the results were evaporated using a food dehydrator to obtain a combination extract. The results showed that the organoleptically KP-KN combination extract had a bitter taste, pineapple smells, 15.57% ash content, ethanol soluble extract content of 55.10%, and 47.99% water-soluble extract. Also, the total phenolic of 6.22 g/Kg, as well as the mineral content of Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Zinc (Zn), and Phosphorus (P), which were 47.23 g/Kg, 291.43 mg/Kg, <1x10-6 g/Kg, 2.59x10-3 g/Kg, and 2.38 g/Kg, respectively. Meanwhile, the heavy metal and bacterial contamination test showed that Arsenic (As), Sn, Mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) were <1x10-6 g/Kg and Cadmium (Cd) was 0.0293. In the microbial contamination test with bacterial components including the ALT test, a value of 4.83 x 103 cfu/g was found, and there was no contamination from E.coli, mold, and yeast bacteria, DPPH and FRAP methods showed antioxidant activity combination extract banana peels and pineapple peels with values of 1390.96±2.83 mg/L and 4542.81±1.10 mg/L compare antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid as standard is 2.13 mg/L and 4.83 mg/L. The test with the KP-KN combined extract can be used as a raw material for making hard candy because it contains minerals needed by the body, meets the safety and quality requirements of traditional medicines, and has antioxidant activity in vitro.
Uji Sifat Fisik pH Dan Viskositas Pada Emulsi Ekstrak Bintangur (Calophyllum soulattri Burm. F.) Tiara Bella Pratiwi; Siti Nani Nurbaeti; Meri Ropiqa; Inarah Fajriaty; Fajar Nugraha; Hadi Kurniawan
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 3, No 2 (2023): Mei-Agustus 2023
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v3i2.19466

Abstract

Bintangur (Calophyllum soulattri Burm. F.) is a type of medicinal plant that has quite a lot of benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial, so it is important to develop it into a dosage form. Emulsions are preparations containing liquid medicinal ingredients or drug solutions dispersed in a liquid carrier. Emulsion preparations are preparations that are more easily absorbed when administered orally. Evaluation of the physical properties of the emulsion was carried out from organoleptic, pH, and viscosity parameters to produce good physical properties because they affect the resulting therapeutic effect. 150 mL of the preparation was made and evaluated for the physical properties of the organoleptic test, pH test, and viscosity test. The pH of the preparation must correspond to the pH of the oral preparation, namely 5-7, and the resulting viscosity must not be too runny or too thick because it is difficult to redisperse. The organoleptic test results of the bintangur extract emulsion had a characteristic yellow-brown color and the aroma of coconut oil with a bitter-sweet taste. The pH test results of the bintangur extract emulsion entered the range for oral preparations 5-7 with an average of 5.936 and the viscosity of the bintangur extract emulsion was 114.2 cP.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN GAHARU (Aquilaria microcarpa Baill.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Salmonella typhi dan Bacillus subtilis SECARA IN VITRO Rafika Sari; Frans Kristian; Inarah Fajriaty
Jurnal Komunitas Farmasi Nasional Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): Jurnal Komunitas Farmasi Nasional
Publisher : Akademi Farmasi Yarsi Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Infections caused by pathogens such as salmonella typhi and Bacillus subtilis causes gastrointestinal infections and lead researchers to found a material that has potential as an antibacterial that has optimal efficacy by using the leaves of agarwood (Aquilaria microcarpa Baill.). The purpose of this study was to determine the compound class of secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity against salmonella typhi and bacillus subtilis of ethanol extract of agarwood leaves. The method used in the maceration and antibacterial activity test was diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). Result are the ethanol extract of the agarwood leaves contain the compound flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and the solubility extract in water and ethanol are 21,80 ± 1,77% and 22,86 ± 2,78%. Shrinkage drying 26,25 ± 1,03%. Specific gravity 1% ethanol extract 1,0120mg/ml. Based on the research results antibacterial activity with the concentration of extract 300mg/ml, 400mg/ml, 500mg/ml toward salmonella typhi with an average diameter of inhibition zone 11,74 ± 0,44 mm, 13,55 ± 0,30 mm, 14,69 ± 0,67 mm and Bacillus subtillis with an average diameter of inhibition zone 10,29 ± 0,16 mm, 12,23 ± 0,21 mm, 13,56 ± 0,66 mm. The conclution is 500mg/ml concentration had a better antibacterial activity.
Profil kadar metabolit sekunder: Steroid, alkaloid, dan tanin ekstrak daun bintangur (Calophyllum soulattri) Kurniawan, Hadi; Nurbaeti, Siti Nani; IH, Hariyanto; Nugraha, Fajar; Fajriaty, Inarah
Sasambo Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): September
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/sjp.v5i2.336

Abstract

Bintangur leaf is one of the potential plants to be developed into a standardized herbal medicine which has many benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. The aim of this study is to determine the steroid, tannin, and alkaloids of bintangur leaf extract. Preparation of bintangur leaves was conducted by soxhletation extraction technique with 96% ethanol as solvent. Determination of tannin tannic acid equivalent, and alkaloid quinine equivalent was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. While the analysis of steroid content β-sitosterol equivalent using a TLC Scanner. The results of the analysis showed that steroid content was 11061,49 µgBSE/g, alkaloid was 307,16 µgQE/g, and tannin was 6,586 %w/w TAE.
Subchronic Toxicity Test of Cincalok Oil Towards Wistar Rats Haematology Nugraha, Fajar; Kurniawan, Hadi; Fajriaty, Inarah; Nurbaeti, Siti Nani; Goh, Sri Wahyuni
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 11, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v11i1.43023

Abstract

Cincalok is a fermented shrimp product which has the potential to be used as pharmaceutical preparations. Its LD50 showed non-toxic. However, subchronic toxicity tests have not been performed. Therefore, this study aims to determine its subchronic toxicity assay towards haematology in male and female white rats in the Wistar strain. The animals used were divided into six groups, the control group induced with virgin coconut oil (VCO), the dose group induced with Cincalok oil (100, 400, 1000 mg/kg BW), and two satellite groups (control group VCO and 1000 mg/kg BW). Haematological parameters evaluated include hemoglobin, Red Blood Cell Count (RBC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), leukocytes, basophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, platelets, and neutrophils. The average level of haematological profile in this study indicated that hemoglobin, MCH, MCHC, basophils, eosinophils, stem neutrophils, neutrophil segments, lymphocytes, and monocytes platelets in female and male rats were still in the normal range.While, there was a decrease in levels below the normal range in the parameters of RBC, leukocytes, MCV and hematocrit. It was concluded that the consumption of cincalok oil orally had no effect in hemoglobin, RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, leukocytes, basophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, platelets, and neutrophil.