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Exploring the Role of Education and Exports in Indonesia’s Economic Growth Jumhur, Jumhur
Jurnal Economia Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta in collaboration with the Institute for

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/economia.v22i1.72744

Abstract

The assumption that education positively influences economic growth remains weakly supported. Therefore, this study aims to examine the extent to which education levels explain economic growth by incorporating foreign direct investment, credit, exports, and unemployment as mediating variables. The analysis uses time-series data for Indonesia from 1991 to 2018, obtained from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. The results show that basic education has a negative but statistically insignificant effect on economic growth. In contrast, secondary and higher education have positive and significant effects, with higher education demonstrating the strongest influence. Furthermore, exports significantly mediate the effects of primary and higher education on economic growth, while no mediating variables significantly explain the impact of secondary education. These findings imply that greater investment in secondary and higher education is crucial for promoting sustainable long-term economic growth and strengthening export performance.
INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN NAHWU WADHIH: INTEGRASI WORDWALL DAN ACTIVE LEARNING DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL ITTIFAQIAH Jumitria, Jumitria; Jumhur, Jumhur; Rendi Sabana
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Volume 11 No.1, Maret 2026.
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v11i1.42070

Abstract

The learning of Nahwu requires an interactive approach to enable students to understand i‘rab rules easily and functionally. Traditional lecture and rote memorization methods make students passive and result in suboptimal learning outcomes. This study aims to examine the implementation of Nahwu Wadhih learning innovation through the integration of Word Wall media and Active Learning methods at Pondok Pesantren Al-Ittifaqiah, describe the changes in the learning process, and analyze improvements in students’ understanding and engagement. The research employed a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative data from observations, interviews, and documentation with quantitative data from pre-tests, post-tests, and Likert-scale questionnaires. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, normality tests, Paired Sample t-tests, and N-Gain calculations. The results indicate that before the intervention, learning was dominated by lectures and memorization, with a pre-test average score of 65.75. After implementing Word Wall and Active Learning, students became more active, collaborative, and able to apply Nahwu rules, as reflected in a post-test average of 80.56. Paired Sample t-test results showed a significant improvement (Sig. 2-tailed < 0.001), while N-Gain analysis indicated an average improvement in the moderate category (0.4028). The study concludes that the integration of Word Wall and Active Learning significantly enhances students’ understanding, participation, and learning outcomes, although effectiveness varies among students. These findings highlight that visual media combined with participatory methods provide a meaningful, engaging, and effective approach to Nahwu learning.