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All Journal LAW REFORM Yustisia Brawijaya Law Journal : Journal of Legal Studies LAW REVIEW TANJUNGPURA LAW JOURNAL Bina Hukum Lingkungan Cakrawala Hukum : Majalah Ilmiah Fakultas Hukum Universitas Wijayakusuma Indonesian Journal of International Law Mimbar Hukum Bina Hukum Lingkungan Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan Pandecta : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Hukum (Research Law Journal)
Bintari Dyah Ramadhani dan Marsudi Triatmodjo
Faculty Of Law Universitas Gadjah Mada
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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The Dilemma Of Operationalizing The Enterprise Under UNCLOS 1982 Agustina Merdekawati; Marsudi Triatmodjo; I Made Andi Arsana; Hasibuan, Irkham Afnan Trisandi
Brawijaya Law Journal Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023): Current Challenges, Developments and Events in The International Law
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.blj.2023.010.02.01

Abstract

The Area's deep-seabed mining activities require substantial capital and sophisticated technologies, which become barriers for developing countries. UNCLOS 1982 envisioned that the presence of the Enterprise would solve this problem. However, the Enterprise is yet to be operationalized. The UNCLOS 1982’s Implementing Agreement 1994 postponed the Enterprise’s independent operation until the requirement is fulfilled. However, there have been changes within the international community that might affect the urgency on the Enterprise’s operationalization. This paper explored the dilemma of the Enterprise’s operationalization in ensuring the participation of developing countries and to generate the optimum benefits to all mankind. This research is aimed to contribute to the understanding of contemporary problems in applying the common heritage of mankind principle in the Area. The research found three dilemmas: (a) divided interests of developing countries; (b) optimizing financial benefits redistribution; and (c) the diminishing role attributed to the Enterprise. The research concluded that it is necessary to review the provisions in UNCLOS 1982 and the 1994 Agreement with the spirit of ensuring the participation of developing countries in the Area utilization by adjusting to the current situation of the international community.
MANFAAT BAGI INDONESIA SEBAGAI PIHAK PADA CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY DAN NAGOYA PROTOCOL DALAM MELINDUNGI SUMBER DAYA GENETIK DAN PENGETAHUAN TRADISIONAL Indrayati, Yovita; Triatmodjo, Marsudi
Bina Hukum Lingkungan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): Bina Hukum Lingkungan, Volume 2, Nomor 1, Oktober 2017
Publisher : Asosiasi Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia (PHLI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (284.904 KB)

Abstract

Negara Indonesia telah menjadi pihak dan meratifikasi Convention on Biological Diversity dan Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization. Keikutsertaan dalam Konvensi ini dengan pertimbangan karena Indonesia merupakan salah satu Negara terkaya akan sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisionalnya sehingga dengan meratifikasi maka Indonesia akan mendapatkan manfaat dalam kerangka Konvensi dan Protokol. Konsekuensi sebagai negara dengan kekayaan sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisionalnya tersebut, Indonesia menghadapi permasalahan dalam melindungi sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisionalnya, antara lain hilangnya sumber daya genetik yang disebabkan oleh pencurian sumber daya genetik dan persoalan keadilan atas pemanfaatan sumber daya genetik beserta pengetahuan tradisional. Oleh karena itu, dengan menjadi pihak dalam kedua perjanjian internasional tersebut, maka manfaat yang diperoleh, diantaranya perlindungan atas sumber daya genetik dan menjamin pembagian keuntungan (finansial maupun non finansial) yang adil dan seimbang atas pemanfaatan sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisional.
Politics and International Environmental Law in Global Perspective Atika Sari, Diah Apriani; Triatmodjo, Marsudi; Purwanto, Harry
Pandecta Research Law Journal Vol. 19 No. 2 (2024): December, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.v19i2.3115

Abstract

Global environmental politics refers to the ways in which politics is practiced in various places to change or protect the environment. This means that global environmental issues and related political activities can occur at local, national, transnational, regional, or international levels, depending on the location, scale, or environmental issues being addressed. This research is normative, by a conceptual approach derived from several approaches of international legal and political theory. Environmental politics also transforms state practices in understanding state sovereignty and the international system. State sovereignty is often cited as a reason that limits the development of a country’s environmental policies. Globalization creates a debate between sovereignty and the influence of national interests in policy-making. Political authority is expressed as sovereignty, making it very challenging to reach agreements on global environmental issues when they conflict with national interests. Nevertheless, global politics offers opportunities for international cooperation in addressing global environmental problems.
MANFAAT BAGI INDONESIA SEBAGAI PIHAK PADA CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY DAN NAGOYA PROTOCOL DALAM MELINDUNGI SUMBER DAYA GENETIK DAN PENGETAHUAN TRADISIONAL Indrayati, Yovita; Triatmodjo, Marsudi
Bina Hukum Lingkungan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): Bina Hukum Lingkungan, Volume 2, Nomor 1, Oktober 2017
Publisher : Asosiasi Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia (PHLI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (284.904 KB)

Abstract

Negara Indonesia telah menjadi pihak dan meratifikasi Convention on Biological Diversity dan Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization. Keikutsertaan dalam Konvensi ini dengan pertimbangan karena Indonesia merupakan salah satu Negara terkaya akan sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisionalnya sehingga dengan meratifikasi maka Indonesia akan mendapatkan manfaat dalam kerangka Konvensi dan Protokol. Konsekuensi sebagai negara dengan kekayaan sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisionalnya tersebut, Indonesia menghadapi permasalahan dalam melindungi sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisionalnya, antara lain hilangnya sumber daya genetik yang disebabkan oleh pencurian sumber daya genetik dan persoalan keadilan atas pemanfaatan sumber daya genetik beserta pengetahuan tradisional. Oleh karena itu, dengan menjadi pihak dalam kedua perjanjian internasional tersebut, maka manfaat yang diperoleh, diantaranya perlindungan atas sumber daya genetik dan menjamin pembagian keuntungan (finansial maupun non finansial) yang adil dan seimbang atas pemanfaatan sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisional.
Common Heritage of Mankind Beyond Treaty Provisions: Customary or General Principle? Merdekawati, Agustina; Triatmodjo, Marsudi; Hasibuan, Irkham Afnan Trisandi
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The Common Heritage of Mankind (CHM) has become a prevalent principle adopted in international treaties governing objects and resources situated beyond national jurisdictions. Despite this widespread adoption, it is still a subject of debate whether it constitutes something more than a mere treaty provision that only binds state parties. This paper aims to analyze the position of CHM in the sources of international law, with a focus on analyzing its existence as a customary norm and a general principle of international law. There has been no international dispute involving CHM, which leaves the question of its position in international law as it was never clarified by international court judges. This paper seeks to explore whether it would be legitimate for international courts to regard CHM as a law in settling disputes involving parties that are not bound to the relevant international treaties adopting CHM. The research was done normatively by assessing the historical and contemporary facts that could help clarify the position of CHM in international law. The research finds that CHM can be regarded as both a customary norm and a general principle of international law. CHM begins as a general principle rooted from natural law, which is then followed by consistent practices and opinio juris, indicating its acceptance as a customary norm. This paper argues that it would be legitimate for international courts to regard CHM as a law in resolving disputes relating to CHM objects irrespective of the parties’ involvement in the relevant international treaties.
Co-Authors Agung, I Gusti Putu Agustina Merdekawati Agustina Merdekawati Agustina Merdekawati Agustina Merdekawati Damianus Bilo Damianus Bilo, Damianus Darmayani, Putu Mia Diah Apriani Atika Sari Elly Kristiani Purwendah Harry Purwanto Hasibuan, Irkham Afnan Trisandi I Gusti Putu Agung I Made Andi Arsana Indrayati, Yovita Irkham Afnan Trisandi Hasibuan Nadia Nurani Isfarin Nahda Anisa Rahma Nurvianto, Sandy Sandy Nurvianto Sandy Nurvianto Sugeng F. Istanto Sugeng F. Istanto, Sugeng F. Vivin Purnamawati