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MANFAAT BAGI INDONESIA SEBAGAI PIHAK PADA CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY DAN NAGOYA PROTOCOL DALAM MELINDUNGI SUMBER DAYA GENETIK DAN PENGETAHUAN TRADISIONAL Indrayati, Yovita; Triatmodjo, Marsudi
Bina Hukum Lingkungan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): Bina Hukum Lingkungan, Volume 2, Nomor 1, Oktober 2017
Publisher : Asosiasi Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia (PHLI)

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Abstract

Negara Indonesia telah menjadi pihak dan meratifikasi Convention on Biological Diversity dan Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization. Keikutsertaan dalam Konvensi ini dengan pertimbangan karena Indonesia merupakan salah satu Negara terkaya akan sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisionalnya sehingga dengan meratifikasi maka Indonesia akan mendapatkan manfaat dalam kerangka Konvensi dan Protokol. Konsekuensi sebagai negara dengan kekayaan sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisionalnya tersebut, Indonesia menghadapi permasalahan dalam melindungi sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisionalnya, antara lain hilangnya sumber daya genetik yang disebabkan oleh pencurian sumber daya genetik dan persoalan keadilan atas pemanfaatan sumber daya genetik beserta pengetahuan tradisional. Oleh karena itu, dengan menjadi pihak dalam kedua perjanjian internasional tersebut, maka manfaat yang diperoleh, diantaranya perlindungan atas sumber daya genetik dan menjamin pembagian keuntungan (finansial maupun non finansial) yang adil dan seimbang atas pemanfaatan sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisional.
Common Heritage of Mankind Beyond Treaty Provisions: Customary or General Principle? Merdekawati, Agustina; Triatmodjo, Marsudi; Hasibuan, Irkham Afnan Trisandi
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The Common Heritage of Mankind (CHM) has become a prevalent principle adopted in international treaties governing objects and resources situated beyond national jurisdictions. Despite this widespread adoption, it is still a subject of debate whether it constitutes something more than a mere treaty provision that only binds state parties. This paper aims to analyze the position of CHM in the sources of international law, with a focus on analyzing its existence as a customary norm and a general principle of international law. There has been no international dispute involving CHM, which leaves the question of its position in international law as it was never clarified by international court judges. This paper seeks to explore whether it would be legitimate for international courts to regard CHM as a law in settling disputes involving parties that are not bound to the relevant international treaties adopting CHM. The research was done normatively by assessing the historical and contemporary facts that could help clarify the position of CHM in international law. The research finds that CHM can be regarded as both a customary norm and a general principle of international law. CHM begins as a general principle rooted from natural law, which is then followed by consistent practices and opinio juris, indicating its acceptance as a customary norm. This paper argues that it would be legitimate for international courts to regard CHM as a law in resolving disputes relating to CHM objects irrespective of the parties’ involvement in the relevant international treaties.
The DisputeResolutionof Oil Pollutionby Tan/fer Ship In IndonesianLegal System Elly Kristiani Purwendah; Marsudi Triatmodjo
Cakrawala Hukum: Majalah Ilmiah Fakultas Hukum Universitas Wijayakusuma Vol. 17 No. 43 (2015): MAJALAH ILMIAH CAKRAWALA HUKUM
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Wijayakusuma Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51921/chk.kn0mpr36

Abstract

The choice of oil pollution dispute resolution by Tanker Ship in national marine law system is highly important to be analyzed in-depth concerning the choice of oil pollution dispute resolution by Tanker Ship in Indonesia is resolved in peaceful manner based on the principle of polluter pays principle. The dispute resolution choice in peace is amended by the internationalinstrument ofUNCLOS in article 279 which is, in Indonesianpositive law system, generated through several national legal  instruments. Furthermore, the  dispute resolution choice is such an important thing considering   the purposes of marine environment protection by the coastal states through the law enforcement of sovereign coastal  states.  The  consequence of  dispute resolutionchoice with the concept of ecocracy and sustainable environmental development, in  line with  the  reconstructive  purpose  of philosophical approach of environmental problem  settlement  through the concept  of ecocracy and the paradigm of deep ecology and green constitution, itis expected to be able to be included in national legal system withe law  enforcers  who  understand  ecoliteracy
Conservation Outside Forests in Indonesia : An Option to Untangle Authority Dualism in the Essential Ecosystem Area Merdekawati, Agustina; Triatmodjo, Marsudi; Nurvianto, Sandy; Hasibuan, Irkham Afnan Trisandi; Purnamawati, Vivin; Agung, I Gusti Putu
Yustisia Vol 11, No 1: April 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v11i1.54789

Abstract

As a country rich in biodiversity, Indonesia has realised the importance of conducting conservation efforts beyond the designated conservation areas, where most of the biodiversity elements are located. In fact, the country has adopted the concept of Essential Ecosystem Areas (EEAs) into various statutory instruments. However, the implementation of EEA policies has faced various obstacles stemming from the dualism of authority between the central and regional governments in establishing and managing EEA. Act No. 23 of 2014 on Regional Government delegates the implementation to the provincial governments. At the same time, Government Regulation No. 28 of 2011 mandates that the exercise of EEA protection be integrated with conservation efforts conducted by the central government. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the legal implications of the dualism of authority in EEA implementation and provide recommendations for a regulatory scheme. The problem may be mitigated by considering the factors relevant to the regulatory implementation aspects. The results revealed that the existence of dualism of authority has had implications in several aspects, including the authority in establishing, managing and financing EEAs, which have prevented authorities from achieving the objectives of establishing EEAs. Thus, this study also recommends the integrated and modified implementation of EEA policies in several ways
Sic Utere Tuo Ut Alienum Non Laedas: State Responsibility and Environmental Obligations in the Context of Climate Change Atika Sari, Diah Apriani; Triatmodjo, Marsudi; Purwanto, Harry
Yustisia Vol 14, No 1: April 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v14i1.93681

Abstract

The principle of Sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas requires the state to avoid environmental damage and to prevent harmful activity on its territory. UNFCCC laws restrict states from emitting excessive greenhouse gases. Avoiding environmental damage is crucial to protecting against losses and mitigating global warming in the context of climate change. This study aimed to examine of the interplay between the principle of Sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas, the duty to refrain from environmental degradation, and the responsibility of tackling climate change. The results show that the state caused increasing sea levels, melting glaciers and polar ice, and unpredictable hydrological cycles due to enormous greenhouse gas emissions.  Climate change was less important than the sovereign right to develop and explore natural resources.  International legislative tools like the Climate Change Convention slowed climate change. International law requires environmental protection under sic utere tuo ut alienum non-laedas. Climate change conventions did not accept this principle. In Anglo-Saxon law, sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas—the principle of no harm—required state accountability for international law infractions and restitution.  The state was held accountable under international law for excessive greenhouse emissions under strict liability.