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All Journal Masalah-Masalah Hukum Jurnal Media Hukum Ilmu Dakwah: Academic Journal for Homiletic Studies Hasanuddin Law Review Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Nagari Law Review Lex Librum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Unes Law Review Ilmu Hukum Prima Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law UNES Journal of Swara Justisia Journal Equity of Law and Governance Sibatik Journal : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan JIPRO : Journal Of Intellectual Property Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Journal of Islamic Communication and Counseling Syarah: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Ekonomi Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management Ekasakti Journal of law and Justice Andalas Law Journal Lex Librum : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Zainul Daulay
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Andalas
Religion Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Regulation of Trade in Communication Services in the Framework  of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) in Indonesia: A Study on the Practice of Perum LKBN Antara Frislidia Fatria; Zainul Daulay; Delfiyanti
Ekasakti Journal of Law and Justice Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Master of Law Program, Ekasakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60034/1ssg1a32

Abstract

The GATS, or General Agreement on Trade in Services, is set out in Annex 1B of the WTO Agreement, which sets out the rules and principles that member states must follow in trade in communication services. Perum LKBN Antara assigned by the State, based on article 1 paragraph 3 of the GATS, the services provided by Antara fall within the scope of the exemption of services provided in the implementation of government authority, namely services that are not supplied commercially or competitively. Antara's business practices are also subject to gradual liberalization as stipulated in Articles IV and XIX of the GATS, namely communication services are adjusted to national policy objectives. The formulation of the problem in this thesis is how to apply the principles in GATS to the communication services sector in the laws and regulations in Indonesia, how to implement the principles of GATS in Indonesia, especially in the communication services sector in relation to the LKBN Antara Regulation in the face of the liberalization of the communication services sector. The purpose of the research is to review and analyze the regulation of trade in services within the framework of GATS in the communication sector as well as to examine and analyze the practice of trade in communication services in Indonesia through Perum LKBN Antara. This study uses an empirical juridical approach with primary data through interviews with officials of Perum LKBN Antara, and secondary data obtained from the study of legal documents and related literature. The practice of Perum LKBN Antara and regulating its rights and obligations is Law Number 7 of 2014 concerning Trade, Law (UU) Number 1 of 2024 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE Law), and Article XVI and Article XVII of the GATS regulating the service sector as well as Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 40 of 1999 concerning the Press, Law Number 32 of 2002 concerning Broadcasting,  Government Regulation Number 40 of 2007 concerning Public Companies (Perum) of the Antara National News Agency.
From CBD to TRIPS: Normative Tensions in Protecting Indigenous Traditional Knowledge under International Law Tiaraputri, Adi; Daulay, Zainul; Delfiyanti; Syofyan, Syofirman
Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law Vol 7 No 2 (2026): Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/up.v7i2.53927

Abstract

Background: The transition from the ecological justice framework of the CBD and the Nagoya Protocol to the market-driven logic of the WTO–TRIPS regime has deepened longstanding normative tensions within international law. By privileging proprietary rights and commercial value, the intellectual property system frequently marginalizes the collective, intergenerational, and culturally embedded rights of Indigenous peoples over genetic resources and traditional knowledge, thereby reinforcing structural inequalities between knowledge holders in the Global South and users of such resources in the Global North. Methodology: This research utilizes a normative approach focusing on the analysis of legal norms, principles, and regulations. Objectives: The article seeks to investigate the development of international legal norms relating to the protection of Indigenous peoples’ traditional knowledge and to assess the challenges of ensuring its effective protection under international law. Findings: Traditional knowledge is communal, intergenerational, and deeply rooted in Indigenous cultures, yet it remains insufficiently recognized within intellectual property frameworks that favor individual ownership and exclusivity. This article argues that the protection gap surrounding traditional knowledge reflects a broader problem of structural injustice in international law. Consequently, a more inclusive and responsive global legal framework is needed to ensure the effective protection of Indigenous peoples’ collective rights and traditional knowledge. Originality/Novelty: This article examines the evolution of international legal norms governing the protection of Indigenous peoples’ traditional knowledge and analyzes the normative tensions between biodiversity law, intellectual property law, and Indigenous peoples’ collective rights within the international legal order.
Co-Authors Afandi, Yusuf Alghazali, Muhammad Syammakh Daffa Asep Iwan Setiawan, Asep Iwan Beatrix Benni Busyra Azheri Delfiyanti Delfiyanti Desi Sommaliagustina Elvardi, Jean Elwi Danil Ermia Zanasri Frislidia Fatria Harmelia Harris, Rionald Heriyanti, Yuli Ismansyah Ismansyah Kaloko, Ilhamda Fattah Khekhe Nadea Ledy Diana M. Yogi Riyantama Isjoni Monarisya Rialin MUHAMMAD HASBI Mustika Sukma Utari Najmi Najmi Najmi Najmi, Najmi Nani Mulyati Nazirman, Nazirman Olivia Theodore Putra, Sepwira Drana Wasistha Rais, Zaim Rembrandt Rembrandt Rialin, Monarisya Rina Rusman Rina Rusman Rionald Harris Roni Roni Roni, Roni Rosari, Uli Sidik, Mohd Suhadi Mohamed Sofyan, Syofirman Sukmareni Sukmareni, Sukmareni Syofirman Sofyan Syofirman Syofyan Theodore, Olivia Tiaraputri, Adi Zanasri, Ermia