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Architecture, Devotion, and Power: The Kalasan Temple and Buddhist Legitimation under the Śailendra Dynasty Tomy Wijaya; Fatimah Alauwiyah; Muhammad Reza Pahlevi
Jurnal Kawistara Vol 15, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/kawistara.108233

This study analyzes Kalasan Temple as a religious and political entity that articulated and mobilized Mahayana Buddhist ideology to bolster dynastic legitimacy during the Śailendra dynasty in eighth-century Java. The study utilizes a historical-archaeological approach, systematically applying heuristics, critical source evaluation, interpretation, and historiography to both primary data, specifically the Kalasan Inscription (778 CE) and the temple’s architectural and ornamental characteristics, as well as secondary scholarship in history, archaeology, and Buddhist studies. This research reinterprets epigraphic and architectural data by contextualizing Kalasan within the broader framework of contemporary Buddhist monuments in Central Java, such as Sari, Plaosan, and the Borobudur complex, to evaluate common ideological patterns and institutional strategies, rather than regarding existing literature as a descriptive authority. The analysis reveals that Kalasan’s establishment as a Bhavanam, bolstered by royal patronage and simā land grants, signifies a purposeful incorporation of Mahayana devotional practices into the political framework of Ancient Mataram. The study demonstrates, through comparative architectural and contextual analysis, that Mahayana Buddhism functioned as both elite religiosity and a legitimizing framework connecting rulers, monastic communities, and society. This article emphasizes methodological rigor and intersite comparison, offering critical insights into the interplay between religious ideology and political authority, demonstrating how sacred architecture actively influenced the development of early Javanese civilization.

Utilization of Primary Sources in History Learning: Teachers' Efforts to Improve High School Students' Historical Literacy Tomy Wijaya; Fatimah Alauwiyah; Muhammad Reza Pahlevi
J-PIPS (Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial) Vol 12, No 1 (2025): JPIPS
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/jpips.v12i1.37197

This study investigates the utilization of primary source-based instruction by history educators to improve historical literacy among senior high school students within the framework of the Independent Curriculum. The research utilized a qualitative case study approach at a public high school in South Sumatra, incorporating classroom observations, comprehensive interviews, and document analysis, with data evaluated in accordance with the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The findings indicate that educators organized learning via the phases of planning, implementation, and evaluation, guided by four elements of historical thinking: sourcing, context. However, the implementation of these elements varied across classroom practices. Consistently across classroom practices. Teachers always instructed students to determine the origins of sources and their intended purposes. However, students often struggled with this task due to their limited reading levels, insufficient time, and limited access to physical primary sources. Archival documents, historical photographs, obsolete newspapers, and local artefacts predominantly served as mediated instructional resources influenced by teacher scaffolding, rather than as direct enablers of historical literacy. The research empirically demonstrates that the advancement of historical literacy through primary sources is a negotiated and context-sensitive process influenced by teacher mediation, student readiness, and institutional factors. By demonstrating how the Independent Curriculum alters and constrains historical thinking frameworks, the study theoretically advances the discourse on source-based pedagogy.

Architecture, Devotion, and Power: The Kalasan Temple and Buddhist Legitimation under the Śailendra Dynasty Tomy Wijaya; Fatimah Alauwiyah; Muhammad Reza Pahlevi
Jurnal Kawistara Vol 15, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/kawistara.108233

This study analyzes Kalasan Temple as a religious and political entity that articulated and mobilized Mahayana Buddhist ideology to bolster dynastic legitimacy during the Śailendra dynasty in eighth-century Java. The study utilizes a historical-archaeological approach, systematically applying heuristics, critical source evaluation, interpretation, and historiography to both primary data, specifically the Kalasan Inscription (778 CE) and the temple’s architectural and ornamental characteristics, as well as secondary scholarship in history, archaeology, and Buddhist studies. This research reinterprets epigraphic and architectural data by contextualizing Kalasan within the broader framework of contemporary Buddhist monuments in Central Java, such as Sari, Plaosan, and the Borobudur complex, to evaluate common ideological patterns and institutional strategies, rather than regarding existing literature as a descriptive authority. The analysis reveals that Kalasan’s establishment as a Bhavanam, bolstered by royal patronage and simā land grants, signifies a purposeful incorporation of Mahayana devotional practices into the political framework of Ancient Mataram. The study demonstrates, through comparative architectural and contextual analysis, that Mahayana Buddhism functioned as both elite religiosity and a legitimizing framework connecting rulers, monastic communities, and society. This article emphasizes methodological rigor and intersite comparison, offering critical insights into the interplay between religious ideology and political authority, demonstrating how sacred architecture actively influenced the development of early Javanese civilization.

Pengembangan Game Edukatif Berbasis Crossword Puzzle Pada Materi Prasasti Peninggalan Kedatuan Sriwijaya di Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Indralaya Utara Sri Hartanti; Muhammad Reza Pahlevi
Jurnal Artefak Vol 12, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Universitas Galuh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25157/ja.v12i2.21785

The development of educational media in the form of educational games based on crossword puzzles was carried out using the Research and Development method with the Alessi & Trollip model. The media was validated by experts in subject matter, language, and media, showing very high validity results, namely 100% from media experts and 92.85% from subject matter experts. The practicality of the media was measured through a beta test involving teachers and students, with an average response of 97.78%, which is classified as very practical. This educational game was applied to material on the inscriptions left behind by the Sriwijaya Kingdom and was proven to increase student engagement in learning and foster an interest in studying history. This medium makes the learning process more meaningful and provides a contextual approach to understanding past events. The development of educational games based on crossword puzzles adds innovation to historical learning media and helps students understand past events in a more in-depth and contextual manner. The implications of this study show that educational games can be an effective alternative medium in history learning. Further development and widespread application of this medium is recommended to increase motivation and in-depth understanding of history.

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