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All Journal KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Indonesia Chimica Acta Jurnal Riset Sains dan Kimia Terapan Jurnal Pengabdian UNDIKMA Jurnal Akademika Kimia Jurnal Akademika Kimia
Khairuddin Khairuddin
Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Tadulako University
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Perbandingan Kadar Albumin Ikan Gabus (Channa striata) dari Proses Perebusan dan Pengukusan dengan Menggunakan Uji Biuret: Comparison of Cork Fish (Channa striata) Albumin Content from Boiling and Steaming Process by Using Biuret Test Sulfitri Suardi; Syaiful Bahri; Khairuddin; Ni Ketut Sumarni; Erwin Abdul Rahim
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 6 No. 1 (2020): Edisi April
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2020.v6.i1.12699

Abstract

Cork Fish (Channa striata) is a freshwater fish that was spread throughout most of Indonesia and it contains albumin that was beneficial to the human body. Albumin was easily dissolved in water during the cooking process both boiled and steamed. This study aims to determine the influence of boiling and steaming times at 100oC against albumin content of cork fish that lost and left in fish meat. The times of boiling and steaming that was used to processing the fish were 10, 15, and 20 minutes. The albumin concentration that lost and left in for the boiling and the steaming process was determined by the biuret test that used a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at albumin maximum wavelength of 530 nm. The results showed that albumin content that lost for 10 minutes boiling process (62 mg/10g) was smaller than the other boiling times and albumin left in fish meat was 164 mg/10g. The same result was also obtained at 10 minutes steaming process which results left in albumin content of 167 mg/10g and lost albumin of 62 mg/10g. The albumin content that lost or dissolved in water for the steaming process was smaller than the boiling process, therefore the steaming process is more efficient than the boiling process at cork fish processing. Keywords: Cork fish, albumin, boiling, steaming.
Perubahan Bilangan Peroksida pada Blending VCO-Ekstrak Likopen Buah Tomat Berdasarkan Perbandingan Rasio dan Lama Penyimpanan: Peroxide Value Changes on Blending of VCO and Extract of Tomato Lycopene Based on Ratio Comparison and Storage Time Muqasyifah; Nurhaeni; Syamsuddin; Khairuddin
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2020): Edisi Agustus
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2020.v6.i2.13132

Abstract

Utilizing of lycopene extract in VCO has serve as antioxidant agent that protected VCO from oxidation process during storage. Belnding of VCO and tomato lycopene extract has been done that purpose to determine changes in peroxide number in the mixture of VCO-lycopene extract tomatoes based on comparison of ratios and length of storage. Peroxide contents from the mixture of tomato extract with VCO were determined using a spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 500 nm. The results showed that the best results were obtained at a ratio of 40: 3 (v/w) with peroxide numbers 0.08 meq O2/ kg, 1.38 meq O2/ kg, 1.84 meq O2/ kg, 3.21 meq O2/ kg, 3.46 meq O2/ kg and 3.83 meq O2/ kg respectively. Peroxide numbers increased with increasing storage time, the highest increase occurred at week 3 at a ratio of 40: 1 (v/w) which was equal to 9.62 meq O2/ kg. The addition of lycopene was better at reducing the VCO oxidation process than without the addition of lycopene. Keywords: peroxide value, VCO, lycopene, duration of storage, ratio comparison
Adsorpsi Logam Merkuri (Hg) dari Limbah Tanah Tercemar Menggunakan Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L) pada Berbagai Waktu Tanam: Adsorption of Mercury (Hg) from Contaminated Soil Waste Using Sawi Plants (Brassica juncea L) in Various Planting Times Khairuddin; Wiranto Wengkau; Dwi Juli Puspitasari; Husain Sosidi; Nov Irmawati Inda
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021): Edisi April
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i1.13666

Abstract

Mercury (Hg) as a gold extractor can cause environmental pollution, therefore, hyperaccumulator plants are needed, such as mustard greens (Brassica juncea L). Research on the effect of planting time of mustard greens on the adsorption of mercury (Hg) metal ion on contaminated soil waste has been carried out. The purpose of this research was to determine the concentration and adsorption mechanism of Hg metal ion from contaminated soil at roots and canopy of mustard plants at various planting times. Amount of Hg metal ion adsorbed on the roots and canopy of mustard greens at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of planting times were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that the average levels of Hg metal ion adsorption at various planting time of 2, 4, and 6 weeks at roots were 156.611 μg/g, 810.256 μg/g, and 888.711 μg/g, respectively, and at the canopy were 69.486 μg/g, 134.580 μg/g, and 60.416 μg/g, respectively. The planting time of 6 weeks resulted in the highest adsorption ability of Hg at the roots. The results of the bioconcentration factor (BCF) test showed that the adsorption of Hg in the roots and canopy of the mustard plant took place using a phytoextraction mechanism (BCF < 1).
Ekstraksi dan Uji Stabilitas Zat Warna Alami dari Bayam Merah (Alternanthera amoena Voss): Extraction and Stabilization of Natural Dyes from Red Spinach (Alternanthera amoena Voss) Khairuddin; Joy Noldy Baciang; Indriani; Nov Irmawati Inda
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 6 No. 3 (2020): Edisi Desember
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2020.v6.i3.13670

Abstract

Research on the extraction and stability test of natural dye from red spinach (Alternanthera amoena Voss) has been carried out. This study aims to determine the effect of pH and length of sun exposure on the stability of the dye from red spinach. Extraction using the maceration method with ethanol solvent and measurement using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Stability testing is carried out at pH 2-5 and sun exposure for 1-4 hours using a dark and light container. The results obtained, at pH 2 and pH 3, anthocyanins were more stable, compared to pH 4 and 5 which had greater color degradation. In exposure to sunlight, dark containers with a degradation percentage of 31.70% were better than clear containers with a percentage of 48.78%. Keywords: Anthocyanin, red spinach, natural dyes stability.
Pembuatan Konsentrat Protein Ampas Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) Bebas Lemak pada Berbagai Konsentrasi NaOH: Production of Fat-Free Coconut Pulp (Cocos nucifera L.) Protein Concentrates at Various NaOH Concentrations Ulayya Kasio; Syaiful Bahri; Husain Sosidi; Khairuddin; Ni Ketut Sumarni; Ahmad Ridhay
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2021): Edisi Desember
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i3.14235

Abstract

Coconut pulp contains up to 18.2% protein which is one of the wastes from coconut oil processing. Protein from coconut pulp can be used in the manufacture of protein concentrates which are widely used in the food industry. The purpose of this research is to determine the concentration of NaOH that can produce the yield and protein content of coconut pulp protein concentrate. Coconut pulp protein was extracted with NaOH at various concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 M, then continued with salting out using salt (NH4)2SO4 with a saturation of 65%. The crude protein content of coconut pulp protein concentrate was determined by the Kjeldahl method. The results showed that the use of 0.5 M NaOH resulted in the highest protein content of coconut pulp protein concentrate, which was 71.30% with a yield of 14.42%.
Retensi Antosianin dari Ekstrak Daun Bayam Merah (Alternanthera amoena Voss) pada Pengolahan Mie Basah: Retention of Anthocyanin from Red Spinach Leaves Extract (Alternanthera amoena Voss) in Processing Wet Noodles Betzy Eppang; Nurhaeni; Khairuddin; Ahmad Ridhay; Jusman
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 6 No. 1 (2020): Edisi April
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2020.v6.i1.14795

Abstract

Research about the retention of red spinach leaves extract (Alternanthera amoena Voss) as a natural coloring and preservative in wet noodles has been done. The study aim is to determine the anthocyanin retention of red spinach leaves extract in the processing of wet noodles and determine the organoleptic quality of wet noodles by adding pigment red spinach leaves extract. The extraction method used the maceration method by ethanol solvent. Anthocyanin levels on an extract that obtained by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer were 33.34%. Anthocyanin retention of red spinach leaves extract on wet noodle processing at storage times of 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, and 48 hours was 100%, 75.87%, 75.37%, 74.95%, 74.62%, 74.12%, 73.28%, 71.70%, and 70.61%. Organoleptic quality of wet noodles that was added with extract has “like” to “really like” grade with score detail of the best color of 4.37 at 18 hours storage, whereas the odor, texture, and taste for 0 hours storage have the highest score of 4.63, 4.63, and 4.57, respectively. The wet noodles with red spinach leaves extract more preferred than the noodles without extracts. Keywords: Retention, anthocyanin, Alternanthera amoena Voss., wet noodles
Pembuatan Konsentrat Protein Ampas Tahu Menggunakan Garam Ammonium Sulfat: Manufacturing of Tofu Pulp Protein Concentrate Using Ammonium Sulphate Nurhaeni; Frischa Sari Kencana; Andi Tenri Ajeng; Khairuddin; Prismawiryanti; Syamsuddin; Dwi Juli Puspitasari; Indriani; Erwin Abdul Rahim
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): April Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i1.15844

Abstract

Tofu pulp which generally becomes waste can be used as a source of protein concentrate. Protein concentrates from tofu pulp have been obtained at various ratios of tofu pulp: ammonium sulfate and ammonium sulfate salt concentration. The research was conducted to obtain the highest protein yield and content of tofu pulp protein concentrate. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with the independent variable being the ratio of tofu pulp filtrate: ammonium sulfate (1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, and 1:7 (v/v)) and concentrations of ammonium sulfate (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80%), while the dependent variables were the yield of protein concentrate and protein content. Production of protein concentrate used the salting-out method with ammonium sulfate salt. The ratio of tofu pulp: ammonium sulfate 70% obtained the best ratio of 1:5 with a yield of 41.6% and protein content of 84.58%. Tofu pulp as industrial waste can be a potential source of protein concentrate because it has a high protein content.
Studi Potensi Pencemaran Lingkungan Dari Kegiatan Pertambangan Emas Rakyat Poboya Kota Palu Ruslan Ruslan; Khairuddin Khairuddin
Jurnal Akta Kimia Indonesia (Indonesia Chimica Acta) Volume 3 No 1 - June 2010
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ica.v3i1.5972

Abstract

Study of environmental pollution potential of gold mining activities of Poboya society had been done. The aim is to obtain information on the amount of mercury concentrations in the river, tromol activity and the burning process of amalgam. The data was collected by survey and interview methods, while water and sediment sampling in rivers, wastewater and solid at tromol activity, and soil sampling around the burning of amalgam at different distances. The result showed that the presence of metallic mercury from mining activities both traditional mining using large discs made since the year 2007 and those that use Tromol which has been underway since August 2009 until now. The highest concentration of mercury in the river was 0.080 ppm, and the lowest was 0.005 ppm and the highest river sediment was 58.000 mg/kg, the lowest was 4.000 mg/kg. Then the concentration of mercury in waste water supreme tromol activity was 0.040 ppm, and the lowest was 0.005 ppm and the highest solid waste (tailings) was 88.2 mg /kg, the lowest was 80.8 mg/kg. Mercury levels around the burning of five sampling locations with different distances between 45.5 mg/kg to 99,90 mg/kg. Partially contained metal mercury at some point in the example has exceeded the maximum allowable concentration limit in a holistic and unsafe condition had been beyond its maximum concentration and water quality standard, sediment, wastewater and solid waste as required.Keywords : Traditional mining, Mercury.
Softening Hard Water using Cocoa Shell Activated Charcoal Nurhayati Nurhayati; Ahmil Ahmil; Khairuddin Khairuddin; Tri Handayani; Ahmad Fauzan Tambuak
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (267.564 KB) | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2021.v10.i2.pp119-125

Abstract

Cocoa pod shells contain 23-54 % cellulose, 1.14 % hemicellulose, and 20-27.95 % lignin. The high cellulose content in the cocoa pod shell has the potential to be further processed into adsorbents. Before being used as an adsorbent, activation using HCl solution was carried out to increase the adsorption power of the cocoa shell. This research was conducted to analyze the influence of adsorbent dose, pH solution, the efficiency of hard water reduction, and adsorption capacity on Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. Adsorption of hard water ions was conducted by varying adsorbent doses of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 g and varying at the pH of 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Optimum condition achieved at the mass of 5 g with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions adsorption efficiency of 85.4 and 18.31%, respectively. Optimum condition achieved at the pH of 9 with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions adsorption efficiency of 61.54 and 49.11%, respectively. The highest Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions adsorption capacity was obtained at the adsorbent mass of 1 g with adsorption capacity respectively 4.05 and 0.54 mg/g. The highest Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions adsorption capacity was obtained at a pH of 9 with an adsorption capacity of 4.05 and 0.54 mg/g, respectively.
Penurunan Kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) pada Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Menggunakan Arang Aktif dari Pelepah Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guenensis Jacq.) : Reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Levels in Tofu Industrial Liquid Waste Using Activated Charcoal from Palm Oil (Elaeis guenensis Jacq.) Mid-ribs Khairuddin; Ruslan Ruslan; Muh.Ricky Arisandi M. Tahili; Dwi Juli Puspitasari; Indriani; Husain Sosidi; Prismawiryanti; Moh. Mirzan
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 8 No. 2 (2022): August Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15966

Abstract

Oil palm midribs (Elaeis guenensis Jacq.) are one of the wastes from oil palm plantations. The high carbon element composition in the palm midribs has the potential to be used as charcoal or activated carbon. Activated carbon can reduce COD levels in tofu industrial wastewater. This study aims to determine the effect of activated carbon mass and contact time on decreasing COD levels in tofu industrial wastewater. Palm midrib charcoal was activated using HCl 1N with the independent variable of activated charcoal mass (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 grams) and contact times (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes), while the dependent variable was the percentage decrease COD levels. Activated charcoal from the palm midribs was in accordance with SNI 06-3730-1995 concerning the Quality Standard of Activated Charcoal. The effect of the adsorbent mass showed that the mass increase in activated charcoal was directly proportional to the percentage decrease in COD levels in the tofu industrial wastewater, while the optimum contact time of activated charcoal was obtained at 60 minutes with a decrease in COD levels of 82.13%.
Co-Authors Abustiana, Rahma Lolita Ahmad Fauzan Ahmad Ridhay Ahmil Aini Auliana Amar Andi Tenri Ajeng Askhiatul Fitriah Betzy Eppang Dwi Juli Puspitasari Dwi Nurfahriani Dwiyana, Putri Eka Lindawati Erwin Abdul Rahim Frischa Sari Kencana Husain Sosidi Indriani Indriani Indriani Indriani Jaya Hardi Joy Noldy Baciang Jusman Jusman, Jusman Khairunnisa Khairunnisa Krisma Meylin Lasampa Laras mariance sulo Mirzan, Muhamad Moh. Mirzan Moh. Mirzan Muh.Ricky Arisandi M. Tahili Muqasyifah Ni Ketut Sumarni Nov Irmawati Inda Nurakhirawati Nurhaeni Nurhaeni Nurhaeni Nurhaeni Nurhayati Nurhayati Prismawiryanti Prismawiryanti Ramli, Aksar Ruslan Ruslan Ruslan Ruslan Ruslan Sabaruddin Sabaruddin Sitti Nur Halizah Sriwulan Indriani Pea Sulfitri Suardi Sutomo Eka Putra Syaiful Bahri Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Tri Handayani Ulayya Kasio Wiranto Wengkau