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All Journal Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Science JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Indonesia Chimica Acta Jurnal Riset Sains dan Kimia Terapan Jurnal Pengabdian UNDIKMA Jurnal Akademika Kimia Jurnal Akademika Kimia Journal of Chemical Learning Innovation
Khairuddin Khairuddin
Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Tadulako University
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Softening Hard Water using Cocoa Shell Activated Charcoal Nurhayati Nurhayati; Ahmil Ahmil; Khairuddin Khairuddin; Tri Handayani; Ahmad Fauzan Tambuak
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2021.v10.i2.pp119-125

Abstract

Cocoa pod shells contain 23-54 % cellulose, 1.14 % hemicellulose, and 20-27.95 % lignin. The high cellulose content in the cocoa pod shell has the potential to be further processed into adsorbents. Before being used as an adsorbent, activation using HCl solution was carried out to increase the adsorption power of the cocoa shell. This research was conducted to analyze the influence of adsorbent dose, pH solution, the efficiency of hard water reduction, and adsorption capacity on Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. Adsorption of hard water ions was conducted by varying adsorbent doses of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 g and varying at the pH of 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Optimum condition achieved at the mass of 5 g with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions adsorption efficiency of 85.4 and 18.31%, respectively. Optimum condition achieved at the pH of 9 with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions adsorption efficiency of 61.54 and 49.11%, respectively. The highest Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions adsorption capacity was obtained at the adsorbent mass of 1 g with adsorption capacity respectively 4.05 and 0.54 mg/g. The highest Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions adsorption capacity was obtained at a pH of 9 with an adsorption capacity of 4.05 and 0.54 mg/g, respectively.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Polivinil Alkohol (PVA) Terlapis Polieugenol: Synthesis And Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Coated with Polyeugenol Rahim, Erwin Abdul; Ridhay, Ahmad; Sitti Nur Halizah; Indriani; Sosidi, Husain; Khairuddin; Inda, Nov Irmawati; Nurakhirawati; Mirzan, Moh.; Amar, Aini Auliana
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): April Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2024.v10.i1.17088

Abstract

A study has been conducted on materials containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coated with poly eugenol. This research aims to explore the synthesis process and properties of PVA coated with poly eugenol. Characterization of PVA includes tensile strength measurement and surface observation using SEM. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of PVA was also tested using the DPPH method. In this study, PVA films were obtained by dissolving PVA in a water solvent. The characterization results indicate that the tensile strength ranges from 25.56 to 271.10 Mpa, elongation reaches 315.20 to 320%, and the young modulus ranges from 4.05 to 6.27 Mpa. Surface observation with SEM shows a smooth surface without pores. The antioxidant activity test shows IC50 values ranging from 84.11 to 175.37 ppm.
Spesiasi dan Bioavailabilitas Merkuri dalam Sedimen Teluk Palu Pasca Gempa dan Tsunami dengan Metode Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film (DGT): Speciation and Bioavailability of Mercury in Palu Bay Sediments Post Earthquake and Tsunami Using the Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film (DGT) Method Sosidi, Husain; Khairuddin; Dwiyana, Putri; Ruslan, Ruslan
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): August Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2024.v10.i2.17264

Abstract

Speciation and bioavailability of mercury in the sediments of Palu Bay after the earthquake and tsunami were conducted using fractionation and Diffusion Gradient in Thin Films (DGT). This method has been conducted using sediment samples from the estuary of the Pondo River, Palu. Heavy metal speciation of mercury ions was conducted by looking at the distribution of mercury ions in various species by sequential extraction and heavy metal bioavailability of mercury ions. This method was conducted by looking at the migration of mercury ions from sediments into the seawaters using a Diffusive Gradient in Thin Films (DGT). The speciation of mercury ions concentration with sequential extraction as EFLE (easily, freely, leachable, exchangeable) fraction is about < 0.0005 ppm, the oxidizable fraction is about < 0.0005 ppm and the resistant fraction is between < 0.0005 ppm to 0.0063 ppm. The results of DGT experiments to study the migration of mercury ions from sediments into the seawaters during 3 days of immersion is between 0.01003 ppm and 0.01748 ppm. The availability of mercury ions concentration in the sediments allows for the migration of mercury ions into water.
Studi Variasi Suhu dan Kosentrasi Larutan Asam Sitrat terhadap Karakteristik Silika Daun Tebu menggunakan Metode Leaching Abustiana, Rahma Lolita; Mirzan, Muhamad; Sosidi, Husain; Khairuddin; Ridhay, Ahmad; Jusman
Jurnal Riset Sains dan Kimia Terapan Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Riset Sains dan Kimia Terapan, Volume 11 Nomor 1, Juni 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21009/JRSKT.111.04

Abstract

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang studi variasi suhu dan konsentrasi larutan asam sitrat terhadap karakteristik silika daun tebu menggunakan metode leaching dengan 3 variasi suhu 60ºC, 80ºC, 100ºC dan 3 variasi konsentrasi 8%, 10%, 12%. Metode yang dilakukan ialah preparasi daun tebu, sintesis silika daun tebu menggunakan metode leaching dengan asam sitrat, dan pembakaran daun tebu hasil leaching asam sitrat. Pengujian dilakukan untuk memperoleh silika murni. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi suhu dan konsentrasi larutan asam sitrat terhadap karakteristik silika daun tebu yang diperoleh dengan metode leaching. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 3 analisis yaitu, untuk analisis XRD menunjukan didapatnya hasil struktur silika yang masih amorf. Analisis FTIR menunjukan gugus fungsi yang terbentuk yaitu -OH, Si-O-Si dan Si-O. Analisis SEM menunjukan bahwa semakin tinggi suhu leaching yang diberikan terhadap sampel maka ukuran butir semakin merata.
Speciation and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals Pb and Cd in Palu Bay Sediments after the Earthquake and Tsunami Sosidi, Husain; Khairuddin; Ruslan; Abustiana, Rahma Lolita; Ramli, Aksar; Rahim, Erwin Abdul
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): August Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2025.v11.i1.17671

Abstract

Major disturbances to seafloor morphology and input of terrestrial material due to the earthquake- tsunami in Palu City in 2018 have the potential to alter the chemical form (speciation), bioavailability, and flux of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in Palu Bay sediments. This study was conducted to analyze the speciation of Cd2+ ions and Pb2+ ions and determine the concentration of elusion ions using Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film (DGT). In this study, two methods were carried out, namely the fractionation method and the DGT method. The results showed that the analysis of ion speciation at 3 locations using the fractionation method obtained the highest concentration of Cd2+ ions of 1.4492 mg/L at location 1 and the highest concentration of Pb2+ ions of 0.0200 mg/L at location 3. The results of ion analysis at 3 locations using the DGT method obtained the highest elution yield concentration of Cd2+ ions of 0.0225 mg/L at location 1 and the highest elution yield concentration of Pb2+ ions of 0.0155 mg/L at location 3. This study shows that the presence of heavy metals Pb and Cd in Palu Bay sediments after the earthquake-tsunami is still detected with varying concentrations between locations. The fractionation method is able to describe the distribution of metal speciation in sediments, while the DGT method provides information on labile fractions that are more relevant to bioavailability. The combination of these two methods is important for understanding the potential risk of heavy metals to Palu Bay aquatic ecosystems and can be used as a basis for post-disaster environmental monitoring and management efforts.
Pengolahan Sampah Organik dari Limbah Rumah Tangga Menjadi Produk Eco-Enzyme di Desa Dalaka Kabupaten Donggala Ruslan Ruslan; Khairuddin Khairuddin; Jaya Hardi
Jurnal Pengabdian UNDIKMA Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): May
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika (UNDIKMA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jpu.v4i2.7039

Abstract

This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge and skills of housewives in Dalaka Village by processing organic waste from household waste into eco-enzyme products. This service was implemented through counseling and training in making fermenters and making eco-enzymes with simple and inexpensive methods. The production of eco-enzymes was done using the ratio of 3kg of organic waste, 1 kg of brown sugar, and 10L of water. The instrument for evaluating this activity used a satisfaction questionnaire form and was analyzed descriptively. The results of this dedication showed that partners could understand well the technology introduced and apply it. The resulting eco-enzyme product had a brown color and a distinctive sour aroma. The average level of participant satisfaction was in the "satisfied" range. Utilization of organic waste from household
Investigation of Column Temperature and Validation of an HPLC-PDA Method for Hydrogen Peroxide Analysis in Hair Cosmetics under Tropical Environments Dinalia, Dinalia; Sosidi, Husain; Ridhay, Ahmad; Hannan, Hannan; Khairuddin, Khairuddin; Satrimafitrah, Pasjan; Syamsuddin, Syamsuddin
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 2 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.26426

Abstract

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is widely used as an oxidizing agent in hair cosmetic products, requiring reliable and validated analytical methods to ensure product safety and regulatory compliance. This study investigated the effect of column temperature and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array (HPLC–PDA) method for H₂O₂ determination in hair cosmetic formulations using triphenylphosphine (TPP) derivatization under tropical laboratory conditions. The triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) derivative exhibited a stable maximum absorbance at 222 nm within the concentration range of 20–120 ppm, which was selected as the detection wavelength. System suitability was evaluated at ambient temperature, 35, 40, 45, and 50 °C. Column temperatures between 40 and 50 °C fulfilled all system suitability and validation criteria, demonstrating acceptable efficiency, peak symmetry, retention time stability, and reproducibility. Among these conditions, 40 °C was selected as the optimum column temperature based on overall analytical performance and practical considerations. Method validation showed excellent linearity (correlation coefficient r ≥ 0.995; residual variance Vxo ≤ 5%), acceptable precision (%RSD ≤ 2%), and adequate sensitivity, expressed as limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ). Accuracy evaluation using matrix-spiked samples yielded recoveries within the AOAC acceptance range (90–107%). Overall, the validated HPLC–PDA method at 40 °C with detection at 222 nm is robust and suitable for routine determination of H₂O₂ in hair cosmetic products under tropical conditions.
Development of Bacterial Cellulose Membrane from Sulfation SCOBY Kombucha for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Applications Sauli Safitri; Khairuddin Khairuddin; Ni Ketut Sumarni
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 29, No 4 (2026): Volume 29 Issue 4 Year 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.29.4.288-295

Abstract

Electrolyte membranes are critical components in determining the performance of PEMFC systems. The use of commercial membranes remains constrained by high production costs, thereby necessitating the development of biomaterial-based alternatives. Cellulose derived from SCOBY Kombucha presents a promising candidate for electrolyte membranes, yet its intrinsic proton conductivity is insufficient and requires chemical enhancement. This study aimed to optimize the sulfation process to improve the electrochemical properties of SCOBY-based cellulose membranes. Variations in reaction time and sulfuric acid concentration were investigated, followed by characterization of the modified membranes through proton conductivity, ion-exchange capacity, swelling degree, mechanical properties, thermal stability, FTIR, and SEM-EDX analyses. The optimum condition was achieved at 2 hours and 2 M, yielding a proton conductivity of 5.44×10−2 S/cm−1, an ion-exchange capacity of 3.58 meq/g, and a swelling degree of 111%, while exhibiting moderate mechanical strength and good thermal stability. FTIR and SEM-EDX confirmed successful incorporation of sulfonic acid groups. Overall, the modification produced a membrane with enhanced proton conductivity and ion-exchange capacity, although further mechanical reinforcement is required for practical PEMFC applications.
Analytical Method Optimization of H₂O₂ Derivatization Reaction Time for HPLC Analysis under Tropical Laboratory Conditions Dinalia; Husain Sosidi; Ahmad Ridhay; Hannan Hannan; Khairuddin Khairuddin; Pasjan Satrimafitrah; Syamsuddin Syamsuddin
Journal of Chemical Learning Innovation Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jocli.v3i1.3086

Abstract

Purpose of the study: This study aims to evaluate the suitability of the commonly reported 2-hour derivatization time for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) determination using HPLC-PDA by assessing the formation behavior of triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) under tropical laboratory conditions. Methodology: The study employed an HPLC–PDA system (Shimadzu LC-20AD) with a reversed-phase C18 column (Waters X-Bridge, 4.6 × 150 mm, 5 µm). Derivatization of H₂O₂ with triphenylphosphine (Sigma-Aldrich) was performed using acetonitrile (Merck). The time-dependent kinetics of TPPO formation were evaluated based on chromatographic peak area monitoring. Data were processed using integrated instrument software. Main Findings: The TPPO peak area increased progressively with reaction time and approached a plateau at approximately 60 min, indicating near-complete derivatization under the studied conditions. No substantial increase in analytical response was observed at longer reaction times. Repeatability evaluation at 60 min showed acceptable analytical precision with %RSD below 2%, demonstrating that a shorter derivatization time was adequate for routine analysis. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides a context-specific evaluation of derivatization time as part of analytical method optimization in HPLC systems under tropical laboratory conditions. The findings demonstrate the importance of verifying derivatization parameters under specific working environments to improve analytical efficiency and ensure reliable chromatographic performance.
Co-Authors Abustiana, Rahma Lolita Ahmad Fauzan Ahmad Ridhay Ahmil Aini Auliana Amar Andi Tenri Ajeng Askhiatul Fitriah Baehaqi Betzy Eppang Dinalia Dinalia, Dinalia Dwi Juli Puspitasari Dwi Nurfahriani Dwiyana, Putri Erwin Abdul Rahim Frischa Sari Kencana Hannan Hannan Hannan, Hannan Husain Sosidi Husain Sosidi Indriani Indriani Indriani Indriani Jaya Hardi Joy Noldy Baciang Jusman, Jusman Khairunnisa Khairunnisa Krisma Meylin Lasampa Laras mariance sulo Mirzan, Muhamad Moh. Mirzan Moh. Mirzan Muh.Ricky Arisandi M. Tahili Muqasyifah Ni Ketut Sumarni Ni Ketut Sumarni Nov Irmawati Inda Nurakhirawati Nurhaeni Nurhaeni Nurhaeni Nurhaeni Nurhayati Nurhayati Pasjan Satrimafitrah Pasjan Satrimafitrah Prismawiryanti Prismawiryanti Ramli, Aksar Ruslan Ruslan Ruslan Ruslan Ruslan Sabaruddin Sabaruddin Sauli Safitri Sitti Nur Halizah Sriwulan Indriani Pea Sulfitri Suardi Sutomo Eka Putra Syaiful Bahri Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Tri Handayani Ulayya Kasio Wiranto Wengkau