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All Journal Agrointek KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Jurnal Pengolahan Pangan Buletin Palma Rafflesia Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences (RJNAS)
Jusman, Jusman
Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Tadulako
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Karakteristik Fisikokimia Pati Aren Asetat Fosfat pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Natrium Trimetafosfat dan Tripolifosfat [Physicochemical Characteristics of Phosphate Acetate Arenga Starch on Various Concentrations of Natrium Trimetaphosphate Tripolyphospha] Rahim, Abdul; Sukmawati, Sukmawati; Kadir, Syahraeni; Jusman, Jusman; Rahmi, Rahmi; If'all, If'all
Buletin Palma Vol 20, No 2 (2019): Desember 2019
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v20n2.2019.119-125

Abstract

The use of native arenga starch is limited, therefore modification is needed. The objectives of this study was to obtain the optimum concentration of mixed sodium trimetaphospate (STMP) and sodium tripolyphospate (STPP) ratio in the acetylated-cross linked combination that based on the physicochemical characteristics of the modified arenga starch. The study was conducted in March-August 2018 at the Agroindustry Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University Palu, Central Sulawesi. This research was compiled using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of seven levels of treatment and repeated three times, 21 experimental units in total. The treatments used were native arenga starch and concentration of mixed STMP:STPP (99:1). The level of treatment used were 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12%. Analysis variables included viscosity, emulsion separation volume, water and oil holding capacity, swelling power and solubility. The results showed that the best concentration of STMP and STPP ratio was 2%. The physicochemical characteristics produced in viscosity, swelling power, and solubility of starch phosphate acetate arenga starches were smaller than native arenga starch. However, in the emulsion separation volume, water and oil holding capacity of phosphate acetate arenga starches are greater than native arenga starch. Viscosity and solubility of phosphate acetate arenga starches increase as the concentration of STMP and STPP ratios is rising. However, the emulsion separation volume, water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and swelling power decrease concentration of the mixed STMP and STPP ratios is rising.ABSTRAK Penggunaan pati aren alami masih terbatas, sehingga perlu dilakukan modifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi campuran rasio Natrium Trimetafosfat (NTMF) dan Natrium Tripolifosfat (NTPF) yang optimum pada kombinasi asetilasi-ikat silang berdasarkan karakteristik fisikokimia pati aren hasil modifikasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-Agustus 2018 di Laboratorium Agroindustri, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Tadulako Palu, Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari tujuh taraf perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak tiga kali sehingga terdapat 21 unit percobaan. Perlakuan yang digunakan berupa pati aren alami dan konsentrasi campuran rasio NTMF:NTPF (99:1). Adapun taraf perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% dan 12%. Variabel analisis meliputi viskositas, volume pemisahan emulsi, daya menahan air dan minyak, daya mengembang dan kelarutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  konsentrasi  rasio NTMF dan NTPF yang terbaik adalah 2%. Karakteristik fisikokimia yang dihasilkan pada viskositas, daya mengembang, dan daya kelarutan pati aren asetat fosfat lebih kecil dibandingkan pati alami. Namun pada volume pemisahan emulsi, daya menahan air dan minyak memiliki pati aren asetat fosfat lebih besar dibandingkan pati alami. Viskositas dan daya kelarutan pati aren asetat fosfat meningkat seiring meningkatnya konsentrasi rasio NTMF dan NTPF. Namun pada volume pemisahan emulsi, daya menahan air, daya menahan minyak dan daya mengembang menurun seiring meningkatnya konsentrasi campuran rasio NTMF dan NTPF.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPATE DAN SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPAT TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA PATI AREN MODIFIKASI Abdul Rahim; Jugni Hadiustri Agape; Muhammad Fawzul Alif Nugroho; Syahraeni Kadir; Jusman Jusman; Usman Made; If'all If'all
AGROINTEK Vol 15, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v15i1.8870

Abstract

The utilizing of arenga starch is still limited in its use in the food or non-food industry, because it needs to be dual modified. The dual modification that has been done is acetylation and phosphorylation in various ratios of sodium trimethaphosphate (STMP) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). The objectives of the study was to obtain an concentrations of STMP/STPP (99: 1, b / b) ratio which based on chemical characteristics at phosphate acetylated arenga starches (PAAS). The treatment used in this study consisted of dual modification of acetylation and phosphorylation using at different concentration of STMP / STPP ratio of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%. Observation parameters were acetyl percent, substitution degree (DS), phosphate content, moisture content, starch content, amylose content and ash content. The results showed that the best concentration of STMP / STPP ratio was 6% because it was produced PAAS with the highest percent acetyl and DS 10.52% and 0.48 respectively. PAAS water content is lower than native arenga starch. Pospor, starch and amylose content have been relatively constant after dual modification. PAAS ash content increases with increasing concentration of STMP / STPP ratio. The dual modification process would improve the chemical properties of the resulting modified starch.
PRODUKSI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ENZIM KITINASE DARI ISOLAT BAKTERI TERMOFILIK B1211 ASAL AIR PANAS BORA Jaya Hardi; Jusman Jusman; Abdul Rahman Razak; Silva Silva
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 2 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (254.41 KB)

Abstract

This research aims to production of chitinase from thermophylic bacteria that living in Bora hot spring  and to determine of chitinase extracts activity. The research was began with rejuvenated of B1211 bacteria isolates on MSM agar media.  The B1211 isolates was used to production of chitinase extracts on MSM broth media with chitin colloidal concentration of 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4% and incubation temperature of 30oC (rt), 37oC, 50oC, and 60oC for 3 days. The chitinase activity were analyzed based on N-acetyl-D-glucosamine standard. The results was showed that B1211 bacteria isolates is potential isolate for production chitinase. The highest activity of chitinase from B1211 bacteria isolates of 0.75 U/mL for chitin colloidals concentration of 1% and temperature of 60oC.Keywords : Bora, hot spring, bacteria, thermophylic, B1211 isolates, chitinase.
PENGARUH VARIASI WAKTU DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN DALAM PEMBUATAN ETIL ESTER DARI MINYAK KELAPA Jusman Jusman; Bambang Setiaji; Triyono Triyono; Akhmad Syoufian
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 4 No. 1 (2018): Edisi April
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (786.017 KB) | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2018.v4.i1.10188

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh etil ester yang optimum. Penelitian ini diawali dengan reaksi transesterifikasi antara minyak kelapa dan etanol dengan variasi waktu dan kecepatan pengadukan. Etil ester dianalisis dengan GC dan GC-MS. Hasil transesterifikasi optimum sebesar 76,48 % diperoleh pada rasio minyak kelapa/etanol/NaOH 1:2:0,02 (100 mL : 50 mL : 2 g) dengan kecepatan pengadukan 300 rpm. Kecepatan pengadukan dan waktu reaksi berturut-turut di atas 400 rpm dan 30 menit menghasilkan rendamen etil ester di atas 80 %. Kata Kunci : minyak kelapa, transesterifikasi, variasi waktu, dan kecepatan pengadukan
KADAR PROTEIN TERLARUT DAN GULA TOTAL BISKUIT FUNGSIONAL BERAS JAGUNG (Zea mays l) FERMENTASI Stevi Evalin Mandjoro; Nurhaeni Nurhaeni; Indriani Indriani; Jusman Jusman
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 5 No. 1 (2019): Edisi April
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (509.303 KB) | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2019.v5.i1.11411

Abstract

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang kadar protein terlarut dan gula total biskuit fugsional beras jagung fermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu fermentasi yang memiliki kadar protein terlarut dan gula total tertinggi terhadap biskuit fungsional. Variasi waktu fermentasi untuk        menentukan kadar protein terlarut dan gula total biskuit fungsional yaitu (12, 24, 36, 48 dan 60 jam). Diperoleh hasil analisis perlakuan yang terbaik terhadap biskuit fungsional adalah pada waktu      fermentasi selama 60 jam dengan kadar protein terlarut 2,274% dan kadar gula total 15,114%.      Sedangkan hasil analisis untuk uji organoleptik biskuit fungsional yaitu nilai kesukaan rasa tertinggi diperoleh pada waktu fermentasi selama 60 jam yaitu 5,4 (suka).Kata Kunci: beras jagung, fermentasi, biskuit, protein terlarut, gula total
PENENTUAN SUHU DAN pH HIDROLISIS KITOSAN DARI CANGKANG KEONG SAWAH (Pila ampullacea) TERHADAP BERAT MOLEKUL HIDROLISATNYA Nurhaeni Nurhaeni; Angriani Sambali; Pasjan Satrimafitrah; Jusman Jusman
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 5 No. 1 (2019): Edisi April
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (815.085 KB) | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2019.v5.i1.11454

Abstract

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang penentuan suhu dan pH hidrolisis kitosan dari cangkang keong sawah (Pila ampullacea) terhadap berat molekul hidrolisatnya dengan menggunakan enzim α-amilase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan suhu dan pH hidrolisis terbaik yang dapat menghasilkan hidrolisat kitosan dengan berat molekul yang rendah. Variasi suhu yang digunakan untuk menghidroisis kitosan dari keong sawah antara lain 300C, 400C, 500C, 600C dan 700C. Sedangkan pH hidrolisis yang diterapkan  untuk menghidrolisis kitosan dari cangkang keong sawah antara lain 4,5; 5,0; 5,5; 6,0 dan 6,5. Pengujian berat molekul hidrolisat kitosan dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode Mark-Houwink dan parameter yang diamati adalah berat molekul hidrolisat kitosan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa suhu optimum hidrolisis kitosan yaitu suhu 500C dan menurunkan berat molekul menjadi 14.488 g/mol. Sedangkan untuk pH optimum hidrolisis adalah pH 5,5 dan menurunkan berat molekul 12.850 g/mol.Kata Kunci : hidrolisat kitosan, cangkang keong sawah, enzim α-amilase
Aktivitas Antioksidan Akar Bawang Merah Lokal Palu (Allium cepa Var Aggergatum L.) dengan Berbagai Kepolaran Pelarut: Antioxidant Activity of Local Shallot Roots (Allium cepa Var Aggregatum L.) in Palu City with Various Solvent Nur Faidah; Nurhaeni; Ahmad Ridhay; Jusman; Abd. Rahman Razak; Syaiful Bahri
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 6 No. 3 (2020): Edisi Desember
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2020.v6.i3.13662

Abstract

Research on the antioxidant activity of the local onion roots of Palu (Allium cepa Var Aggregatum L.) with various polarity solvents has been carried out. This study aims to determine the potential of Palu local shallot root extract as an antioxidant and determine the IC50 value of the Palu local shallot root antioxidant activity. The method applied in this research is maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The extracts from each solvent were tested for their antioxidant activity by the DPPH method. The results of the study showed that the IC50 value in n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract, and ethanol extract were 579.98 ppm, 518.28 ppm 315.83 ppm and as a comparison used ascorbic acid obtained IC50 of 53.69 ppm. Based on the results obtained, the best antioxidant activity is in polar solvents (ethanol extract) compared to other solvents. Keywords: Antioxidants, roots, Palu local shallots, Allium cepa Var Aggregatum L.
Pemanfaatan Selulosa dari Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) pada Sintesis Karboksimetil Selulosa (CMC) : [Utilization of Cellulose from Pennisetum purpureum at The Synthesis of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) Erwin Abdul Rahim; Grace Sita Turumi; Syaiful Bahri; Jusman; Syamsuddin
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021): Edisi Agustus
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.14227

Abstract

Cellulose from Pennisetum purpureum has been used as the main ingredient in the synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The purpose of CMC synthesis from the cellulose of Pennisetum purpureum is to obtain CMC compounds with the best degree of substitution (DS) value and the highest yield. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern consisting of two independent variables, namely the concentration of trichloroacetic acid (10%, 20%, and 30%) and reaction time (3 and 4 hours). The results showed that the CMC with the highest DS value (0.839) was obtained using 20% trichloroacetic acid with a reaction time of 3 hours. The highest CMC yield was 30.15% which was obtained using 30% trichloroacetic acid with a reaction time of 4 hours. Keywords: Pennisetum purpureum, carboxymethyl cellulose, substitution degree.
Retensi Antosianin dari Ekstrak Daun Bayam Merah (Alternanthera amoena Voss) pada Pengolahan Mie Basah: Retention of Anthocyanin from Red Spinach Leaves Extract (Alternanthera amoena Voss) in Processing Wet Noodles Betzy Eppang; Nurhaeni; Khairuddin; Ahmad Ridhay; Jusman
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 6 No. 1 (2020): Edisi April
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2020.v6.i1.14795

Abstract

Research about the retention of red spinach leaves extract (Alternanthera amoena Voss) as a natural coloring and preservative in wet noodles has been done. The study aim is to determine the anthocyanin retention of red spinach leaves extract in the processing of wet noodles and determine the organoleptic quality of wet noodles by adding pigment red spinach leaves extract. The extraction method used the maceration method by ethanol solvent. Anthocyanin levels on an extract that obtained by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer were 33.34%. Anthocyanin retention of red spinach leaves extract on wet noodle processing at storage times of 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, and 48 hours was 100%, 75.87%, 75.37%, 74.95%, 74.62%, 74.12%, 73.28%, 71.70%, and 70.61%. Organoleptic quality of wet noodles that was added with extract has “like” to “really like” grade with score detail of the best color of 4.37 at 18 hours storage, whereas the odor, texture, and taste for 0 hours storage have the highest score of 4.63, 4.63, and 4.57, respectively. The wet noodles with red spinach leaves extract more preferred than the noodles without extracts. Keywords: Retention, anthocyanin, Alternanthera amoena Voss., wet noodles
Viskositas dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Sabun Cair Berbasis VCO dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Terhadap Bakteri Patogen: Viscosity and Antibacterial Activity of VCO-Based Liquid Soap with Addition of Ethanol Extract of Moringa Leaf (Moringa oleifera) Against Pathogenic Bacteria Pasjan Satrimafitrah; Mohamad Afdal; Jusman; Abd. Rahman Razak; Ahmad Ridhay; Nov Irmawati Inda
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): April Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i1.15846

Abstract

This research was conducted by making VCO-based liquid soap with the addition of ethanol extract from Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera). The purpose of this research was to determine the mass ratio of ethanol extracts of Moringa leaves and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) which produces soap with the highest antibacterial activity against tested bacteria. The other purpose is to determine the effect of the mass ratio against the viscosity of liquid soap. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the independent variables being the mass ratio of Moringa leaf ethanol extract and VCO which consists of five levels of 0:75 (F1), 1.5:73.5 (F2), 3:72(F3), and 4.5:70.5(F4) (w/w). The soap produced was tested for antibacterial activity againts Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus epidermidis using agar diffusion method as well as viscosity tests. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of liquid soap tends to be higher with increasing levels of ethanol extract of Moringa leaves. The liquid soap formula with the ratio of Moringa leaf ethanol extract: VCO of 3:72 (w/w) (Formula F3) had relatively higher antibacterial activity against the three tested bacteria. The inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were 22.302 mm, 33.230 mm, and 36.490 mm, respectively, while the viscosity value of liquid soap was 47.433 cP.
Co-Authors Abd Hamid Abd. Rahman Razak Abd. Rahman Razak Abdul Rahim Abdul Rahman Razak Ahmad Ridhay Aini Auliana Amar Akhmad Syoufian Angriani Sambali Bambang Setiaji Betzy Eppang Djumidar Dwi Juli Puspitasari Erwin Abdul Rahim Gatot Siswo Hutomo Grace Sita Turumi Husain Sosidi If'all, If'all Indriani Indriani Jaya Hardi Jugni Hadiustri Agape Khairuddin Khairuddin Lisma Habiba Moh. Mirzan Mohamad Afdal Muhammad Fawzul Alif Nugroho Ni Ketut Sumarni Nov Irmawati Inda Nov Irmawati Inda Nur Aisyah Nur Alam Nur Faidah Nurfita Sari Nurhaeni Nurhaeni Nurhaeni Nurhaeni Pasjan Satrimafitrah Prismawiryanti Prismawiryanti Rahmi, Rahmi Silva Silva Sri Handayani Stevi Evalin Mandjoro Sukmawati, Sukmawati Syahraeni Kadir Syaiful Bahri Syaiful Bahri Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Triyono Triyono Usman Made