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Faktor-Faktor Kesiapan Implementasi Skema Avaibility Payment Pada Penyelenggaraan Infrastruktur Daerah Sari, Dian Perwita; Tamin, Rizal Z.; Mahani, Iris; Wibowo, Andreas
JURNAL TEKNIK SIPIL Vol 14, No 1 (2025): Volume 14 Nomor 1 Mei 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jts.v14i1.44999

Abstract

Implementasi Kerja Sama Pemerintah dan Badan Usaha (KPBU) dengan mekanisme Availability Payment (AP) menjadi solusi strategis dalam mengatasi keterbatasan anggaran dan kebutuhan pembangunan infrastruktur. Namun, keberhasilan skema ini sangat bergantung pada kesiapan daerah yang dapat diukur melalui indikator yang jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor utama yang menjadi dasar dalam penilaian kesiapan daerah dalam mengimplementasikan skema KPBU AP pada pembangunan infrastruktur di tingkat kabupaten/kota. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan analisis tematik, yang melibatkan kajian terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, sistem penilaian kesiapan yang dikembangkan oleh organisasi internasional seperti The World Bank, UNECE, dan UNESCAP, serta literatur ilmiah terindeks yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fakotr utama dalam penilaian kesiapan daerah meliputi kerangka peraturan dan kebijakan, kerangka kelembagaan dan kapasitas pemerintah, kondisi lingkungan ekonomi, sosial, dan politik, kemampuan finansial dan akses keuangan, serta kapasitas penyedia jasa dalam mendukung implementasi proyek KPBU AP. Penelitian ini bersifat konseptual dan berkontribusi dalam mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam penilaian kesiapan daerah tanpa mengembangkan sistem pengukuran spesifik. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi landasan bagi penelitian selanjutnya dalam mengembangkan instrumen evaluasi kesiapan daerah serta mendukung perumusan kebijakan yang lebih adaptif, meningkatkan daya tarik proyek bagi sektor swasta, serta memastikan keberlanjutan penyelenggaraan infrastruktur melalui skema KPBU AP.
Desain Minimum Revenue Guarantee dan Clawback pada Proyek KPBU Jalan Tol: Kerangka Konseptual Berbasis Risiko Wibowo, Andreas
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 32 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Teknik Sipil - Edisi Agustus
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jts.2025.32.2.15

Abstract

Abstrak Proyek jalan tol secara alamiah melibatkan risiko dan ketidakpastian pendapatan yang signifikan. Untuk meningkatkan daya tarik investasi, pemerintah berbagi risiko dengan investor melalui instrumen Minimum Revenue Guarantee dan/atau Clawback (MRGÅCB). Tulisan ini memaparkan kerangka konseptual berbasis risiko untuk menguantifikasi nilai dan dampak MRGÅCB terhadap proyek dan pemerintah untuk keperluan desain alokasi risiko yang berimbang. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan teoretis dan analitis dengan menitikberatkan pada pemodelan kerangka konseptual yang dapat menjadi landasan kebijakan dalam mendesain MRGÅCB bagi proyek-proyek infrastruktur yang memiliki risiko pendapatan tinggi. Capital Asset Pricing Model digunakan sebagai dasar teoretis yang diterapkan pada model satu periode. Instrumen MRG meningkatkan nilai proyek dengan meningkatkan ekspektasi pendapatan proyek dan mengurangi risiko pendapatan. Sebaliknya, CB menurunkan ekspektasi pendapatan dan risiko pendapatan sehingga dampak terhadap penurunan nilai proyek tergantung desain instrumen. Dukungan finansial yang diberikan melalui MRGÅCB dapat didesain ekuivalen dengan skema Availability Payment. Tiga skenario risiko pendapatan dianalisis untuk menentukan desain optimal instrumen MRGÅCB, dan pada setiap skenario, berbagai opsi desain alokasi risiko diusulkan. Hasil perhitungan divalidasi menggunakan simulasi Monte Carlo. Tulisan ini juga menguraikan implikasi kebijakan bagi pemerintah saat mempertimbangkan implementasi MRGÅCB. Temuan ini berkontribusi pada pendekatan yang lebih terstruktur dalam merancang mekanisme berbagi risiko untuk investasi jalan tol. Kata-kata kunci: Jaminan pendapatan minimum, clawback, risiko pendapatan, Capital Asset Pricing Model, jalan tol.  Abstract Toll road projects inherently involve significant revenue risks and uncertainties. To enhance investment attractiveness, governments may share these risks with investors through Minimum Revenue Guarantee and/or Clawback (MRGÅCB) instruments. This paper proposes a risk-based conceptual framework to quantify the value and impact of MRGÅCB on both the project and the government, serving as a foundation for balanced risk allocation design. A theoretical and analytical approach is adopted, applying the Capital Asset Pricing Model to a single-period model. The MRG instrument increases project value by raising expected revenues and reducing revenue risk. Conversely, the CB instrument lowers both expected revenues and risk, and its net effect on project value depends on its design. Financial support through MRGÅCB can be structured to mirror an availability payment scheme. Three revenue risk scenarios are analyzed to explore optimal instrument design, with alternative risk allocation strategies proposed for each. Monte Carlo simulations are used to validate the model. This paper outlines policy implications for governments considering the implementation of MRGÅCB and contributes to a more structured approach to designing revenue risk-sharing mechanisms in toll road investments. Keywords: Minimum revenue guarantee, clawback, revenue risk, Capital Asset Pricing Model, toll roads.
Value for Money Assessment for Government and Business Entity Cooperation Projects by Using the Availability Payment Model: Proposition Methodology Wibowo, Andreas
Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Management (JIPM) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Management (JIPM)
Publisher : PT Penjaminan Infrastruktur Indonesia (Persero)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35166/jipm.v2i1.12

Abstract

This paper proposes a quantitative methodology for ex-ante value-for-money (VfM) assessment to select the best modality option between conventional procurement and public-private partnership under the availability payment model for infrastructure provision within the Indonesian context. The proposed methodology incorporates efficient risk allocation principles into assessment to monetize risk retained by the government and risk transferred to the private sponsor. A simple numerical example under different scenarios of risk allocation for a road maintenance project case is presented to demonstrate its applicability. This paper also identifies some relevant issues, acknowledges limitations of the proposed methodology, and recommends directions for future research efforts.
Abnormally Low Bid Criterion pada Pengadaan Jasa Konstruksi Proyek Pemerintah dengan Sistem Evaluasi Harga Terendah Wibowo, Andreas; Christopher Leonaldo , Godjali
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 30 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Teknik Sipil
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jts.2023.30.2.12

Abstract

Abstract This paper aims to determine the abnormally low bid criterion (ALBC) for evaluating bid prices in public construction procurement using the low-bid system based on empirical data sampled between 2016 and 2021. The ALBC values were calculated as the expected values of the first-order statistics generated by the Latin Hypercube simulation under an identically independent beta distribution, which was chosen based on the results of several goodness-of-fit tests. According to the correlation analysis, bid ratios are correlated with the number of bidders, which justifies using a specific bid ratio for a given number of bidders, if known. It has been demonstrated that ALBC decreases with the number of bidders and approaches the minimum bid ratio value asymptotically. This paper also proposes the 2.5 percentile lower bound value of the first-order statistics as the criterion for extremely low bids (ELBC). The simulation indicates that the ELBC and ALBC values are 69% and 83%, respectively. This paper also acknowledges the limitations of the study, which can serve as guidelines for continued studies. Keywords: Abnormally low bid criterion, extremely low bid criterion, first-order statistics, lowest bidding system, public procurement, Latin Hypercube Simulation.
Strategi Peningkatan Kinerja Keselamatan di Industri Konstruksi: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis Kristiana, Retna; Wibowo, Andreas
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 31 No 3 (2024): Jurnal Teknik Sipil - Edisi Desember
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jts.2024.31.3.14

Abstract

Abstract The construction industry, as a major sector employing a significant portion of the workforce, contributes approximately 8% to global GDP but faces a high fatality rate of 30–40% in workplace accidents. While numerous studies have explored factors influencing construction safety performance and conducted systematic literature reviews, reviews specifically focusing on strategies to enhance safety performance remain limited. This study aims to address this gap by performing a systematic literature review using the PRISMA protocol to identify strategies for improving construction safety performance. Based on the review, five key strategies that can reduce workplace accidents include proactive safety management, emphasizing project management commitment and safety management systems; comprehensive safety training, focusing on priorities, methods, and facilities; systematic safety inspections, covering frequency, procedures, and outcomes; systematic safety budget allocation, addressing incentives, equipment procurement and maintenance, and safety personnel salaries; and prevention through safetyoriented construction design. The study also provides recommendations for future research. Keywords: Safety performance, strategies, construction industry, systematic literature review, PRISMA