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All Journal JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Jurnal Amplifier: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknik Elektro dan Komputer Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, and Technology Andalas Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology Jurnal Andalas: Rekayasa dan Penerapan Teknologi
Syukri Yunus
Universitas Andalas
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Other

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Effect of MXene Loading on the Structure and Electrochemical Performance of Biodegradable PVA/ZnO/MXene/CNC Composite Films Fernandez, Rudy; Hairul Abral; Ikhwana Elfitri; Syukri Yunus
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 15, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v15n1.1555.2026

Abstract

The growing demand for sustainable materials for flexible electronics and energy storage applications has driven the development of biodegradable composite films with enhanced electrochemical functionality. This study systematically investigates the effect of MXene loading on the structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of biodegradable PVA/ZnO/MXene/CNC composite films fabricated by aqueous solution casting. The main contribution of this work is the explicit establishment of a relationship between loading, structure, and electrochemical performance for this multicomponent biodegradable film system under controlled processing conditions. Films containing 20%, 25%, and 30% MXene were prepared with constant ZnO and CNC contents and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and cyclic voltammetry in 1 M KOH. The crystallinity increased from 20.06% to 27.58% and 44.74% with increasing MXene loading, while FESEM revealed progressively more homogeneous morphology and improved filler dispersion. These structural changes were accompanied by a marked enhancement in electrochemical response, with current density increasing from 425.18 to 876.71 and 1480.25 A/m², and specific capacitance rising from 0.921966 to 1.682536 and 2.860035 F/g for 20%, 25%, and 30% MXene, respectively. The 30% MXene film exhibited the best overall performance, indicating that higher MXene loading within the investigated range promotes more continuous conductive pathways and greater electroactive surface accessibility. These findings provide useful insight for designing biodegradable composite films for sustainable flexible energy-storage applications.
Co-Authors . Darwison Abdul Rajab Abral, Hairul Abrar, Hairul Adrianti, Adrianti Ahmad, Mohammad Hafizi Akbar, Auliya Amirul Luthfi Asrizal . Astuti, Tiara Feryndita Aulia Aulia Aulia Aulia Aulia Auliya Akbar Daud, Darwison Farizi, AL Fitrilina, Fitrilina Hairul Abrar Ikhwana Elfitri Imbang Ismail Ismail, Imbang Khalid Mohamed Nor Laksono, Heru Dibyo Manurung, Muhammad Fajar Ruhud Melda Latif Mubarok, Fatih Muhammad Fajar Ruhud Manurung Mumuh Muharam Nasir, Muhammad Nidya, Putri Novandri, Athalla Novendra, Rico Novizon, Novizon Ogah, Ogah Anselm Putri Nidya R.H. Sukma Rafif, Rifqi Roza Susanti Rudy Fernandez Rusydi, M Ilhamdi Syafii . Umah, Kuntum Khairah Yanuar Zulardiansyah Arief Yanuar Zulardiansyah Arief Zaini