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All Journal Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science JURNAL FISIKA Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Jurnal Spektra Jurnal Keramik dan Gelas Indonesia Omega: Jurnal Fisika dan Pendidikan Fisika Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Indonesian Mining Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi Jurnal Teknik Metalurgi Indonesian Physical Review Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri Jurnal Keramik dan Gelas Indonesia Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi (IPTEK) Makara Journal of Science Makara Journal of Technology Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Jurnal Polimesin Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Indonesian Mining Journal
Azwar Manaf
Departemen FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Astronomy Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics

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Journal : Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

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Optimized Carbonization and Kinetic Analysis of Palm Kernel Shell Porous Carbon for Heavy Metal Adsorption Hafizah, Mas Ayu Elita; Manaf, Azwar; Valency, Tiara; Andreas, Andreas; Manawan, Maykel
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100714

Abstract

This study explores the use of porous carbon derived from palm kernel shells to adsorb lead ions (Pb2+) from water. Porous carbon was produced by carbonizing palm kernel shells at different temperatures (400, 600, and 800 °C) and was evaluated for its effectiveness in a lead chloride (PbCl2) solution. The best adsorption rate, reducing Pb2+ concentration by 27.5%, was observed by carbonized material at 800 °C with a 3 h contact time. Kinetic analysis suggested that the process followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemical adsorption was the dominant mechanism. The adsorption data were best described by the Freundlich isotherm, implying multilayer adsorption on an uneven surface. These findings highlight the efficient and low-cost potential of palm kernel shell-based porous carbon for removing heavy metals from wastewater. Palm kernel shell-derived porous carbon has proven to be a sustainable, cost-effective, and practical solution for mitigating Pb2+ contamination, positioning it as a promising candidate for environmentally friendly water treatment applications.
Co-Authors Abdul Jami Adi Ganda Putra Agus Sukarto Agus Sukarto Ahmad Royani Akmal Johan Andreas Andreas Arbi Dimyati Arie Fiandimas Arieko Abdillah Asep Yudi Hercuadi Asep Yudi Hercuadi, Asep Yudi Bahfie, Fathan Bambang Soegijono Birawidha, David C Budhy Kurniawan Cahaya, Adam Badra Daulay, Amru Dedi Dedi Diah Susanti Djoko HP Doansi Tarihoran Dwita Suastiyanti Eddy Siradj Edie Sasito, Edie Eko Sulistiyono, Eko Elda Rayhana Elfrida Ratnawati Elisabeth A. S. Elsa Krisanti Erfan Handoko Erik Prasetyo Fajar Nurjaman Fajar Nurjaman Fathan Bahfie firdiyono, F Hafni Lissa Nuri Handoko, Djati Hasan Fahad Idris Novianto Iskandar Muda Iskandar Muda Iskandar Muda Lingga Hermanto Mabe Siahaan Manawan, Maykel Manawan, Maykel Marliyadi Pancoko Mas Ayu Elita Hafizah Maykel Manawan Mujamilah Mujamilah Mulyaningsih, Neng Nenden Musfirah Cahya Fajrah, Musfirah Cahya Nanang Sudrajat Nelson Saksono Nelson Saksono Novizal Novizal, Novizal Novrita Idayanti Nurul Taufiqu Rochman Nurul Taufiqu Rochman Pontas Sialagan Priyono K. Priyono P Priyono Priyono Rafael F Maniur Ridwan Ridwan Roekmijati Soemantojo Roekmijati Soemantojo, Roekmijati Roekmijati W. Roekmijati W. Soemantojo, Roekmijati W. Roekmijati Widaningroem Roekmijati Widaningroem, Roekmijati Roekmijati Widaningrum Roekmijati Widaningrum, Roekmijati Rudi Subagja Saptari, Sitti Ahmiatri Setijo Bismo Setijo Bismo Setyo Purwanto Setyo Purwanto Sialagan, Pontas Sipahutar, Wahyu Solafide Sri Mulyaningsih Sri Mulyaningsih Sukmara, Sony Suprihatin Suprihatin Taufik A. Bonaedy Tito Prastyo Rahman Tito Prastyo Rahman, Tito Prastyo Tri Haryono Ulin Herlina Valency, Tiara Wakid Ali Muntoha Widi Astuti Widi Astuti Wisnu A. Adi Wisnu Ari Adi Wisnu Ari Adi Wisnu Ari Adi Wisnu Ari Adi Yana Taryana Yuliana Sari Yuliusman Yuliusman Yuliusman Yuliusman Yuyu Wahyu