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Journal : JLAST

Navigating the Impact: Turkey's Foreign Policy Post-2018 US Sanctions on Iran Heryandi, Melinda Aindya; Sinulingga, Anita Afriani; Jamilah, Maryam
JLAST : Journal of Law and Social Transformation Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Law and Social Transformation (JLAST)
Publisher : As- Sakinah Law Firm & Society of Visual Informatics

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62527/jlast.1.1.1

Abstract

As a strong ally of the US, Turkey was subject to economic penalties in May 2018 for its continued imports of Iranian oil. Turkey delayed deciding whether to import Iranian oil despite this pressure. The purpose of this study is to examine Turkey's foreign policy about the importation of Iranian oil in 2018. The study uses a qualitative method with an explanatory analysis approach, drawing on the foreign policy theories of Morgan and Palmer, which highlight the objectives of proaction and security. The results show that Turkey's foreign policy goals are more proactive due to two major variables. First, Turkey and the United States do not work together well. Second, Turkey's proaction-oriented foreign policy is influenced by its capabilities, which include military might, alternative alliances, influence both regionally and internationally, and bargaining power. Turkey forms new alliances with Iran, China, and Russia, primarily concentrating on deepening its relationship with Russia. Furthermore, Turkey has a great deal of regional and global influence, as seen by its mediating role in the Syrian Israeli crisis in 2011. Turkey's foreign policy dynamics are further emphasized by its negotiating stance with the United States over the Incirlik zone. In conclusion, Turkey's strategic negotiating positions, alliance preferences, and regional and global capacities all influence its complex foreign policy strategy.
Turkey's Changing Stance on Immigration: An Examination of Foreign Policy Adjustments Pertiwi, Delfira Irgahayu; Sinulingga, Anita Afriani; Jamilah, Maryam
JLAST : Journal of Law and Social Transformation Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Law and Social Transformation (JLAST)
Publisher : As- Sakinah Law Firm & Society of Visual Informatics

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62527/jlast.1.1.2

Abstract

Turkey was a closed country to immigrants. However, in 2013, Turkey modified its foreign policy to become an open country for immigration under the Law on Foreigners and International Protection. Even in 2019, Turkey is the country that receives the most refugees. The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of Turkish foreign policy changes on immigration. To analyze it, this study employs Blavoukos and Bourantonis' Foreign Policy Change Concept. This study uses a qualitative approach with an explanatory design. The data analysis technique used in this study begins with data reduction, followed by data presentation, findings, and verification. This study discovered that Turkish foreign policy changed as a result of Turkey's desire to join the European Union, the encouragement of President Abdullah Gul and Prime Minister Erdogan, and the shift in Turkish political culture to Neo-Ottomanism.
The Concept of Reciprocity in International Agreements:The Case of Indonesia and Singapore Extradition Treaty Sulistiawati, Ratih; Afriani, Anita; Permata, Inda Mustika
JLAST : Journal of Law and Social Transformation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Law and Social Transformation (JLAST)
Publisher : As- Sakinah Law Firm & Society of Visual Informatics

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62527/jlast.2.1.31

Abstract

Singapore is one of the main destinations for criminal offenders from Indonesia, which causes losses for Indonesia. In the process, in 2007 Indonesia signed an extradition agreement with Singapore but failed to be ratified. During Joko Widodo's administration in 2022, Indonesia re-signed an extradition agreement with Singapore along with the Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA) and Flight Information Region (FIR). The three agreements also took effect simultaneously in 2024. Since its signing, it has taken 17 years for the extradition treaty between the two countries to come into force. This case is understood by the Principle of Reciprocity in International Law. This paper uses a qualitative research method with descriptive analytical research. In this case, reciprocity is one of the basic principles governing extradition treaties. This principle is crucial in negotiating fair and equal terms. In drafting international agreements, reciprocity can make negotiations more complex as each party may have different priorities and needs. This is reflected in the case of the extradition treaty between Indonesia and Singapore, where Indonesia wants this treaty to be ratified to facilitate the pursuit of criminals who have fled to Singapore and the return of assets that have been illegally taken. Singapore responded by asking Indonesia to ratify the DCA and FIR Agreement, which cover aspects of Singapore's broader defense and security interests. This principle is crucial in negotiating fair and equitable terms. Translated with DeepL.com (free version)