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Red Seaweeds as Resource of Bioactive Compounds and Therapeutic Potential: a Review on Anticancer Agents Warsi, Warsi; Narwanti, Iin; Ahmed, Qamar Uddin
Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/clips.v1i2.378

The use of natural compounds derived from macroalgae constitute an alternating strategy in the creation of anticancer medications. Seaweed refers to macroalgae. Red seaweeds are rich in bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, carotenoids, mycosporine-like amino acids, phycobiliproteins, polyphenols, polysaccharides (carrageenan, porphyran), and lipids. Some of these bioactive compounds have demonstrated a unique chemical framework. The bioactive compounds have been investigated as an anticancer potential in vitro studies. Among these compounds content, polyphenols are the most promising as an anticancer, due to their abundance in the red seaweeds. This review provides bioactive compounds from red seaweeds and their natural sources. The review involves papers published from 2010 to 2025. The study might be used as a reference in development of red seaweed extracts in the future which include preclinical and clinical investigations, standardizations and formulations, molecular mechanisms as anticancer and toxicity studies. Keywords: Anticancer, bioactive compound, macroalgae, pharmacological activity, seaweed

Pengembangan Produk Tablet Oral Disintegrasi Piroksikam Rohmiati, Rohmiati; Wahyuningsih, Iis; Guntarti, Any; Narwanti, Iin; Putri, Hilma; Anwar, Shinta Desy; Rahmadani, Firda; Rustandi, Tedi; Islamy, Muhammad Rido
Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi Vol. 15 No. 1: Maret 2018
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/mf.v15i1.12307

Piroksikam digunakan sebagai analgetik dan antiinflamasi yang sering dialami oleh kalangan lansia yang mempunyai kesulitan menelan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut yaitu dengan sediaan Orally Disintegrating TabletÂ (ODT). Avicel PH 102 merupakan bahan disintegran yang biasa digunakan sebagai penyusun ODT, karena mempunyai daya disintegran yang sangat baik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan piroksikam menjadi bentuk sediaan ODT. Metode pembuatan ODT dilakukan dengan metode kempa langsung. Variasi konsentrasi Avicel PH 102 yang digunakan untuk formula 1 sebesar 15% dan formula 2 sebesar 20%. Tablet hasil formulasi diperiksa karakteristik fisik yang meliputi identifikasi tablet, kerapuhan, kekerasan, ketebalan, waktu hancur, bentuk dan ukuran tablet, laju disolusinya serta dilakukan penetapan kadar. Metode analisa kadar piroksikam baik pada penentuan disolusi maupun pada penentuan kadar, dilakukan verifikasi metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis terlebih dahulu meliputi spesifisitas, presisi, dan akurasi. Formula terbaik selanjutnya dilakukan uji hedonik. Hasil verifikasi untuk ketiga uji memenuhi persyaratan sehingga dikatakan metode uji valid. Hasil uji fisik tablet dikatakan memenuhi syarat kecuali untuk uji kerapuhan. Data laju disolusi dan penetapan kadar tablet piroksikam memenuhi syarat FI V yaitu laju disolusi tidak kurang dari 75%(Q + 5%) dan hasil penetapan kadar F1 dan F2 berturut-urut sebesar 95,22 Â± 3,09% dan 95,14 Â± 4,26%. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa piroksikam dapat dibuat dalam bentuk sediaan ODT karena menghasilkan sediaan tablet dengan sifat fisik yang baik kecuali pada uji kerapuhan. Formula yang dipilih yaitu formula 2, karena waktu hancur dan disolusi tablet lebih baik dibandingkan dengan formula 1.

Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil of Baeckea frutescens L. (Ujung Atap) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometery) Analysis Mahfudh, Nurkhasanah; Apriyani, Silvi; Narwanti, Iin
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2025): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.21163

Ujung Atap plant (Baeckea frutescens L.) is a shrub that resembles a pine tree and is usually found in tropical hills, mountains, and coastal environments. B. frutescens contains flavonoids and phenolic compounds which have known as potential antioxidants. B. frutescens also contains essential oils which have been used as various treatments and aromatherapy. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of antioxidants in Ujung atap essential oils based on the IC50 value with the ABTS method and identify the chemical compound components of Ujung atap essential oils with the GC-MS. The stages of this research method consist of making Ujung atap essential oil using the steam-water distillation method, measuring the antioxidant activity of Ujung atap leaf essential oil using the ABTS method (2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)) and analysis of the chemical compound components of Ujung atap essential oil using the GC-MS (Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy). Based on the results of this research, it is known that the antioxidant activity of the ujung atap (Baeckea frutescens L.) is included in the very weak category with an IC50 of 481.525 ± 5.455 μl/L or equivalent to 435.154 ± 4.930 ug/mL. Meanwhile, the comparative antioxidant activity of quercetin has an IC50 value of 2.846 ± 0.156 μg/mL, which is included in the very strong category. In the analysis test of the essential oil compound content of the ujung atap (Baeckea frutescens L.), it was discovered that there were six main components of the essential oil compound of the ujung atap (Baeckea frutescens L.) who had a concentration of more than 5%.) who have concentration more than 5%, namely, 1-beta- Pinene (21.62%), 1,8-Cineole (17.73%), alpha-pinene (14.93%), Gamma-Terpinene (6.84%), 3- Cyclohexene-1-methanol,α,α,4-trimethyl-(CAS) (5.78%), and Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2- ene,3,6,6 trimethyl-(CAS) (5.02%).

Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil of Baeckea frutescens L. (Ujung Atap) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometery) Analysis Mahfudh, Nurkhasanah; Apriyani, Silvi; Narwanti, Iin
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2025): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.21163

Ujung Atap plant (Baeckea frutescens L.) is a shrub that resembles a pine tree and is usually found in tropical hills, mountains, and coastal environments. B. frutescens contains flavonoids and phenolic compounds which have known as potential antioxidants. B. frutescens also contains essential oils which have been used as various treatments and aromatherapy. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of antioxidants in Ujung atap essential oils based on the IC50 value with the ABTS method and identify the chemical compound components of Ujung atap essential oils with the GC-MS. The stages of this research method consist of making Ujung atap essential oil using the steam-water distillation method, measuring the antioxidant activity of Ujung atap leaf essential oil using the ABTS method (2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)) and analysis of the chemical compound components of Ujung atap essential oil using the GC-MS (Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy). Based on the results of this research, it is known that the antioxidant activity of the ujung atap (Baeckea frutescens L.) is included in the very weak category with an IC50 of 481.525 ± 5.455 μl/L or equivalent to 435.154 ± 4.930 ug/mL. Meanwhile, the comparative antioxidant activity of quercetin has an IC50 value of 2.846 ± 0.156 μg/mL, which is included in the very strong category. In the analysis test of the essential oil compound content of the ujung atap (Baeckea frutescens L.), it was discovered that there were six main components of the essential oil compound of the ujung atap (Baeckea frutescens L.) who had a concentration of more than 5%.) who have concentration more than 5%, namely, 1-beta- Pinene (21.62%), 1,8-Cineole (17.73%), alpha-pinene (14.93%), Gamma-Terpinene (6.84%), 3- Cyclohexene-1-methanol,α,α,4-trimethyl-(CAS) (5.78%), and Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2- ene,3,6,6 trimethyl-(CAS) (5.02%).

Analisis penggunaan bahan tambahan pangan (BTP) ibu rumah tangga di yogyakarta dalam aspek perilaku, sikap, dan pengetahuan Khairi, Amalya Nurul; Juwitaningtyas, Titisari; Narwanti, Iin Nurul
Journal of Halal Science and Research Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): September
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Ibu rumah tangga memerankan peran yang sangat penting dalam menjaga keamanan pangan keluarga, khususnya dari bahan tambahan pangan (BTP) berbahaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis persepsi penggunaan BTP ibu rumah tangga perkotaan di area Wirobrajan, Yogyakarta bagi kesehatan keluarga mereka. Responden yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu rumah tangga sekaligus pengusaha makanan ringan basah maupun kering yang terampil mengolah jajanan tradisional, makanan kering, dan street food. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuisioner untuk mengukur tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku. Responden dipilih melalui purposive sampling dan memilih responden yang memenuhi kriteria ibu rumah tangga dan pengusaha makanan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ibu rumah tangga di Wirobrajan memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup tentang BTP yang ditunjukkan dengan pemenuhan kriteria terjawab dengan tepat lima (5) kategori dari delapan (8) kategori (>85%) yang ditanyakan. Asek sikap ibu rumah tangga Wirobrajan adalah baik (persentase jawaban tepat pada setiap pertanyaan melebihi 80%). Aspek perilaku juga memenuhi kriteria baik dengan jawaban tepat merupakan jawaban mayoritas responden, kecuali pada kriteria tempat membeli BTP dan penggunaan pengawet alami pada produk yang tidak terjual. Dalam penelitian ini aspek pengetahuan dan sikap mempengaruhi secara konsisten perilaku dari responden penelitian.Â

Edukasi Penggunaan Bahan Tambahan Makanan yang Aman Bagi Kesehatan di Panjatan Kulon Progo Warsi, Warsi; Sunarti, Sunarti; Narwanti, Iin
Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Kesehatan Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): Desember 2025
Publisher : Menara Science Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70109/jupenkes.v2i4.95

Keamanan pangan saat ini masih menjadi sorotan publik, terutama keamanan pangan pada makanan jajanan. Penggunaan bahan tambahan makanan sintetis sering menjadi permasalahan terutama pada produksi pangan non pabrikan. Lansia merupakan salah satu kelompok rentan sehingga kemanan pangan lansia harus selalu di jaga. Pengabdian Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi penggunaan bahan tambahan makanan yang aman dengan sasaran lansia di wilayah Pimpinan Cabang Muhammadiyyah (PCM) Panjatan Kulon Progo. Pengabdian ini bertujuan memberikan edukasi tentang penggunaan bahan tambahan makanan untuk kelompok lansia di wilayah PCM Panjatan Kulon Progo. Metode yang digunakan ceramah dan diskusi interaktif. Hasil pengabdian ini terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dari median 40 menjadi 90 dengan nilai p value 0.001. Simpulan; Edukasi penggunaan bahan tambahan makanan pada lansia meningkatkan pengetahuan lansia tentang penggunaan bahan tambahan makanan yang aman.

Synthesis of 4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid from Malonic Acid and 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde as Starting Materials with the Variation of the Reflux Time Iin Narwanti; Fahmi Humaidi Abdillah
Borneo Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Borneo Journal of Pharmacy
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v9i1.9356

Cinnamic acid derivatives, naturally occurring compounds found in plants and also synthetically produced, exhibit diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, antiplasmodial, tyrosinase-inhibitory, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and anticancer properties, with 4-hydroxycinnamic acid representing a particularly valuable derivative for pharmaceutical development. However, the successful synthesis of these compounds requires careful optimization of reaction conditions, particularly the reflux time, which must balance complete reactant conversion against product degradation that may occur with excessive heating to achieve maximum yield and purity. This study aimed to optimize the reaction yield in the synthesis of 4-hydroxycinnamic acid by varying the reflux time. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid was synthesized via a reaction between malonic acid and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde using pyridine-piperidine as a catalyst. The reflux time was varied at 3, 5, and 7 hours. The mixture was refluxed at 70–80°C with constant stirring at 900 rpm. After the reaction, the crude product was recrystallized and dried, and the yield was calculated. TLC was employed to compare the product's Rf value with that of the starting material using various eluents. Furthermore, the synthesized product was characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy to elucidate its structure. The results revealed that the average yields at reflux times of 3, 5, and 7 hours were 58.6, 66.78, and 63.87%, respectively, with the optimal yield achieved at 5 hours. Physicochemical and spectral data confirmed that the obtained product was 4-hydroxycinnamic acid. Purity analysis showed that the synthesized compound had a purity level of 95%.

Pendampingan Pengendalian Kadar Air melalui Transfer Pengetahuan Pengeringan pada Produksi Seduhan Herbal Daun Kakao di Rumah Cokelat Kelurahan Bunder Gunungkidul Farrah Fadhillah Hanum; Budi Barata Kusuma Utami; Rusdiyanto Rusdiyanto; Iin Narwanti; Rokhmayanti Rokhmayanti; Alfin Hadi; Mutiara Wilson Putri
Open Community Service Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Open Community Service Journal
Publisher : Research and Social Study Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33292/ocsj.v5i1.204

Latar Belakang: Pemanfaatan daun kakao hasil pemangkasan sebagai bahan baku seduhan herbal merupakan salah satu upaya diversifikasi produk kakao yang berpotensi meningkatkan nilai tambah komoditas kakao. Berdasarkan hasil pengabdian di tahun pertama, daun kakao muda memiliki tingkat penerimaan yang baik sebagai bahan baku seduhan herbal, namun proses pengeringan masih menjadi kendala dalam menghasilkan produk dengan mutu yang konsisten.Tujuan: Oleh karena itu, kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan meningkatkan pemahaman mitra mengenai teknik pengeringan dan perhitungan kadar air pada produksi seduhan herbal daun kakao.Metode: Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada tanggal 18 April 2026 di Rumah Coklat Gunungkidul melalui metode sosialisasi dengan sasaran anggota pengelola Rumah Cokelat dan kelompok tani kakao sebanyak 8 peserta. Materi yang diberikan meliputi prinsip dasar pengeringan, pengaruh kadar air terhadap mutu produk, dan metode perhitungan kadar air serta evaluasi menggunakan pretest dan postest.Hasil: Efektivitas kegiatan dievaluasi menggunakan pretest dan posttest, sedangkan penerimaan produk dievaluasi melalui uji kesukaan terhadap seduhan daun kakao dengan kadar air di bawah dan di atas 10%. Hasil evaluating menunjukkan adanya perinatal pemahaman peserta mengenai proses pengeringan, pengaruh kadar air terhadap mutu produk, serta kadar air optimum yang diperlukan dalam produksi seduhan herbal daun kakao. Persentase peserta yang mengetahui kadar air optimum sebesar 5–10% meningkat dari 62,5% pada pretest menjadi 87,5% pada posttest. Hasil uji kesukaan menunjukkan bahwa seduhan daun kakao dengan kadar air di atas 10% cenderung lebih disukai peserta, terutama pada atribut aroma dan aftertaste. Kegiatan ini berhasil meningkatkan kapasitas mitra dalam memahami pengendalian kadar air sebagai salah satu parameter mutu penting dalam produksi seduhan herbal daun kakao dan menjadi dasar dalam pengembangan proses pengeringan yang lebih terstandarisasi. Kegiatan lanjutan direkomendasikan dapat berupa pendampingan penyusunan SOP proses pengeringan dan penerapan pengukuran kadar air secara rutin untuk menghasilkan mutu seduhan herbal yang lebih konsisten.

Regioselective Synthesis of 5-Nitronaphtalene-1,4-dione Derivatives in Various Solvents and Their Characterization Iin Narwanti; Warsi Warsi; Bidyadhar Sethy
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 17 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v17i1.837

Regioselective synthesis is a crucial strategy in the development of bioactive molecules, as regioisomers may exhibit distinctly different biological activities. Heterocyclic naphthoquinones are a promising class of bioactive scaffolds with potential anticancer properties that might be influenced by their regiochemical configuration. This study aimed to investigate the regioselective synthesis of 5-nitronaphthalene-1,4-dione with an amine using various solvents and to characterize the target compounds. The synthesis was initiated with the nitration of 2,3-dichloronaphthalene-1,4-dione using a mixture of HNO3/H2SO4, generating compound 2 in a moderate yield. Next, compound 2 was subsequently reacted with N, N-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine under alkaline conditions at ambient temperature, affording two regioisomeric target compounds (compounds 4 and 5). The characterization confirmed the successful synthesis of compounds 4 and 5, with findings indicating that aprotic solvents facilitated the formation of compound 4, while protic solvents slightly favored the formation of compound 5. In conclusion, the results reveal that the solvent governs regioselective synthesis of 5-nitronaphthalene-1,4-dione derivatives, providing a basis for controlling substitution patterns in these scaffolds. Further, the successful synthesis and isolation of regioisomerically pure compounds establishes a foundation for further exploration of their biological activities.

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