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All Journal Jurnal Agroindustri Warta IHP (Warta Industri Hasil Pertanian) Logista: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Andalas Andalasian International Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) JURNAL AGROINDUSTRI HALAL Jurnal Al-ittifaq GreenTech PATRIOTIK: Jurnal Inovasi dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
Neswati Neswati
Departemen Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Andalas
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Social Sciences Other

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Addition Of Chain Extender To Improve Flexible Polyurethane Foam Characteristics Of Palm Oil Polyol Neswati Neswati; Novizar Nazir; Syukri Arief; Yurniwati
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v7i1.206

Abstract

The use of 100% palm oil polyol without the addition of a chain extender produced foam which initially expands and then collapses so that the resulting foam has tight pores, dense texture, and brittle (brittle). It was necessary to use a chain extender to improve the flexible properties of the foam. This study aimed to examine the ratio of palm oil polyols with a chain extender to produce flexible polyurethane foam with good characteristics. The treatment of this study was a combination of types and comparisons of palm oil polyols with chain extenders which were carried out 3 times, consisting of factor A = type of chain extender (diethylene glycol (DEG), diethanolamine (DEA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-400) and factor B = ratio of palm oil polyols. with a chain extender (80%:20%; 70%:30%; 60%:40%; 50%:50%). The obtained foam was observed visually, foam development, and foam density. The best sample for each type of extender was analyzed by FTIR. The results showed that 40% PEG-400 has succeeded in producing flexible polyurethane foam with higher expansion (291.22%), lower density (29 kg/m3), and visually has the best flexible properties. Based on FTIR analysis, the use of PEG-400 in the polyol system can increase the reactivity of palm oil polyols to isocyanates.
Optimization of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Cellulose-based Bioplastic Formulation with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Putri Herianti; Deivy Andhika Permata; Neswati
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v9i1.596

Abstract

Bioplastics are one of the alternatives to replace synthetic plastics. Bioplastics are plastics made from natural materials readily decomposed by microorganisms so that they are environmentally friendly. Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) have cellulose content that can be utilized as raw material in the manufacture of bioplastics. This research aims to determine the best formulation of OPEFB cellulose-based bioplastics as environmentally friendly packaging. The method used in this research is the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization method in the Mixture (Optimal Custom Design) section found in the Design Expert version 13 application. The factors analyzed in making bioplastics are glycerol, starch, CMC, and chitosan. Bioplastic observations include tensile strength, elongation, elasticity, thickness, water resistance, and biodegradation. The result of OPEFB cellulose obtained in this study is 71.88%, where the cellulose produces strong bioplastic properties. The optimum solution of bioplastic formulation produced is the addition of glycerol of 0.89 g, starch of 2.99 g, CMC of 2.11 g, and chitosan of 3 g Laboratory verification responses produced are tensile strength of 12 MPa, elongation of 31.34%, elasticity of 890.67 MPa, thickness of 0.25 mm, water resistance of 88.95%, and biodegradation of 4.34%/day. Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and ProductionSDG 13: Climate ActionSDG 14: Life Below WaterSDG 15: Life on LandSDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals
EVALUASI BUSA POLIURETAN FLEKSIBEL BIODEGRADABLE BERBASIS POLIOL MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT: KEMAMPUAN BIODEGRADASI DALAM AIR LAUT Neswati Neswati; Kurnia Harlina Dewi; Anggun Ayu Selvia; Tri Larasati
Jurnal Agroindustri Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : BPFP Faperta UNIB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31186/jagroindustri.15.1.53-67

Abstract

Bahan baku utama busa poliuretan fleksibel (PUF) adalah poliol yang berasal dari turunan minyak bumi. Poliol tersebut membutuhkan waktu lama untuk terurai. Sintesis PUF dari poliol minyak kelapa sawit dapat meningkatkan kemampuan biodegradasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kemampuan biodegradasi PUF berbasis poliol minyak kelapa sawit dalam air laut. Minyak kelapa sawit diubah menjadi poliol melalui reaksi epoksidasi dan hidroksilasi. Poliol minyak kelapa sawit disubstitusi dengan PEG-400 dan poliol komersial untuk meningkatkan karakteristik PUF. Sistem poliol (poliol minyak kelapa sawit 60%:PEG-400 40%; poliol minyak kelapa sawit 50%:PEG-400 50%;  poliol minyak kelapa sawit 60%:poliol komersial 40%;  poliol minyak kelapa sawit 50%:poliol komersial 50%) direaksikan dengan toluen diisosianat (TDI) untuk membentuk PUF.  Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah PUF dengan komposisi poliol yang berbeda (PUF1, PUF2, PUF3, PUF4, dan Kontrol). PUF dilakukan biodegradasi di dalam air laut selama 30 hari. Penurunan berat sampel busa diukur setiap lima hari. Pengamatan FTIR, XRD, TGA, dan SEM dilakukan setelah sampel terurai selama 30 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PUF1 memiliki kemampuan biodegradasi tertinggi dalam air laut, dengan susut berat sebesar 44%. FTIR menunjukkan bahwa ikatan ester pada PUF1 telah terurai dan menghilangnya puncak serapan gugus isosianat (-NCO) akibat proses biodegradasi. XRD mengidentifikasi adanya kristal PEG-400 yang membutuhkan waktu untuk terurai. Namun PEG-400 lebih mudah terurai dibandingkan poliol komersial. SEM menunjukkan bahwa permukaan PUF1 menjadi kasar dan kerangka sel busa menjadi rusak.
Sistem Penimbangan Dalam Jual Beli Hasil Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Di Kecamatan Silaut Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan Neswati, Neswati
AL-ITTIFAQ Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Vol 5, No 1 (2025): Al-Ittifaq : Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31958/al-ittifaq.v5i1.14981

Abstract

sawit menjadi sumber pendapatan utama bagi toke, petani dan pemulung brondolan. Kemudian, membeli hasil perkebunan kelapa sawit menjadi bisnis yang sangat menjanjikan. Penelitian ini merupahkan penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah Miles And Huberman yang terdiri dari reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ialah sistem dengan pemotongan berat 5 kilogram per timbangan. Setelah dibahas, menurut prinsip kerelaan dalam ekonomi syariah. Dimana sistem pemotongan berat 5 kilogram per timbangan dibolehkan. Karena didasari kerelaan pada kedua belah pihak yang melaksanakan sistem penimbangan dalam jual beli hasil perkebunan kelapa sawit.
Enkapsulasi Kayu Secang (Caesalpinia sappan, L.) dengan Konsentrasi Maltodekstrin dan Teknik Pengeringan yang Berbeda terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antibakteri Neswati, Neswati; Ismanto, Sahadi Didi
GreenTech Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Departmen Of Agro-industrial Technology, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/greentech.v1i1.2

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan konsentrasi maltodekstrin dan teknik pengeringan yang tepat untuk menghasilkan enkapsulat  kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan, L) dengan aktivitas antioksidan, antibakteri, dan karakteristik fisikokimia yang terbaik. Konsentrasi maltodekstrin yang digunakan adalah 1%, 4%, 7% dan 10% dari 400 mL  filtrat Caesalpinia sappan, L. dan dikeringkan dengan menggunakan teknik freeze drying dan spray drying. Parameter uji yang dilakukan pada enkapsulat kayu secang adalah rendemen, aktivitas antioksidan, kadar air, waktu larut, padatan tidak larut dan kadar abu. Enkapsulat kayu secang terbaik (Caesalpinia sappan, L.)  adalah konsentrasi maltodekstrin sebesar 7% dengan menggunakan teknik spray drying. Parameter produk terbaik adalah rendemen  (16,27 ± 0,48)%, aktivitas antioksidan (40,14 ± 1,23)%, antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus (20,45 ± 0,66) mm, kadar air (4,94 ± 0,29)%, waktu larut (25,86 ± 1,44)detik, padatan tidak larut  (1,4 ± 0,271)%,  dan kadar abu (0,36   ± 0,02)%.
Penggunaan Serat Sabut Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) Terhadap Karakteristik Papan Gipsum Syafira, Salsabila Putri; Neswati, Neswati; Kasim, Anwar
GreenTech Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Departmen Of Agro-industrial Technology, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/greentech.v2i1.32

Abstract

Papan gipsum merupakan bahan bangunan yang umum digunakan pada desain langit-langit interior untuk menciptakan tampilan yang variatif dan modern. Papan ini tergolong sebagai papan tiruan yang umumnya terbuat dari campuran gipsum dan serat sintetis, seperti serat kaca. Namun, penggunaan serat sintetis memiliki beberapa keterbatasan, antara lain tidak dapat didaur ulang, harga yang relatif mahal, dan ketersediaan yang terbatas. Sebagai alternatif yang lebih berkelanjutan, serat alami seperti sabut kelapa memiliki potensi yang besar karena ketersediaannya yang melimpah, biaya yang lebih rendah, dan sifatnya yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh dan menentukan perlakuan terbaik dari penambahan serat sabut kelapa terhadap karakteristik fisik dan mekanik papan gipsum. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu A (3% serat sabut kelapa), B (6%), C (9%), D (12%), dan E (15%). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan statistik ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), dan apabila terdapat perbedaan nyata pada taraf signifikansi α = 5% (Fhitung > Ftabel 0,05), maka dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjutan DNMRT (Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan serat sabut kelapa memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kadar air, kerapatan, daya serap air, pengembangan tebal, modulus of rupture (MoR), dan modulus of elasticity (MoE). Perlakuan optimal diperoleh pada perlakuan D (12% serat sabut kelapa), dengan kadar air sebesar 11,5%, kerapatan 0,85 g/cm³, penyerapan air 45,19%, pengembangan tebal 1,32%, nilai MoR sebesar 52,99 kgf/cm², dan nilai MoE sebesar 5667,18 kgf/cm².
Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Pada Agroindustri Manggis Melalui Pengembangan Produk Teh dan Sirup Berbasis Kulit Manggis Santosa, Santosa; Derosya, Vioni; Asben, Alfi; Azrifirwan, Azrifirwan; Permata, Deivy Andhika; Fiana, Risa Meutia; Kasim, Fitriani; Neswati, Neswati; Ismanto, Sahadi Didi; Dewi, Kurnia Harlina; Rahmi, Ira Desri; Yulianto, Kiki; Putri, Annisa; Rahayu, Lisa; Saputra, Hendra; Rozalia, Rozalia; Sari, Dini Novita
PATRIOTIKA: Jurnal Inovasi dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Vol 1 No 1 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Limau Manis Village as Kampung Manggis is supported by the production of mangosteen in Padang City which is number 2 (two) in West Sumatra and 80% of mangosteen in Padang City comes from Pauh Subdistrict, with the center being in Limau Manis Village and the existence of Kampung Manggis brings hope for the community to improve their economy and will have an impact on the economy of the Padang City community. The skin of mangosteen fruit can be processed into value-added products. However, farmers and local businesses still face several challenges, such as the lack of knowledge and technology to process mangosteen peels into economically valuable products. Abundant mangosteen peels during the harvest season are often discarded or burned, causing environmental impacts such as soil and air pollution. However, due to the lack of public knowledge on mangosteen peel processing as waste, an innovative solution is needed to turn mangosteen peel waste into a new source of income through the development of competitive derivative products. This community service activity is designed as a strategic step to empower the community, optimize local potential, and build an innovative, sustainable mangosteen agroindustry, creating value-added products and improving the economic welfare of the community. In addition, this activity is also expected to be a model of agroindustry development based on local potential that can be developed. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide training in improving the knowledge, skills of the community in processing mangosteen skin, increasing the added value of mangosteen skin into mangosteen skin tea and mangosteen skin syrup products that have a broad impact on economic, social and environmental improvement.
Co-Authors Alfi Asben Anak Agung Istri Sri Wiadnyani Anggun Ayu Selvia Annisa Putri Anwar Kasim Azrifirwan, Azrifirwan Deivy Andhika Permata Derosya, Vioni Dini Novita Sari Effendi Effendi Fauzan Azima Fitriani Kasim Hasbullah Hasbullah Hendra Saputra Hijra, Reza Isa Istiqomah Kiki Yulianto Kurnia Harlina Dewi Kurnia Harlina Dewi Netty Sri Indeswari Nevara, Gita Addelia Nola Resgita Novizar Nazir Perkasa, Ananda Agung Putri Herianti Putri, Desi Rahmadani Rahayu, Lisa Rahmadanis Rahmadanis Rahmi, Ira Desri Rini B Risa Meutia Fiana Rozalia, Rozalia RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari Sahadi Didi Ismanto Sahadi Sahadi Santosa Santosa Sayuti, Kesuma Syafira, Salsabila Putri Syukri Arief Tri Larasati Tuty Anggraini Yurniwati Yurniwati Zuraida Zaki